Plz send answers ASAP

1Q)marker interface having no methods right.. then what is the use of marker interface? for what purpose we use marker interface?
2Q)how to make a dynamic object ,name of object is entered by user?
3Q)Why class Class is always the Super Class for every class

1) A rose by any other name would smell as sweet! So wherefore do we have names at all?
2) "dynamic object" has no standardized meaning last time I checked! You can make an object that has a user specified name if you want to! That won't make it any more or any less dynamic than any other object necessarily!
3) Class ISN'T the superclass of every class! Object is! Class is the metaclass of every class!
Is that ASAP enough for you?

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      ls_fieldcat-ref_tabname = &2.
      ls_fieldcat-cfieldname  = &3.
      ls_fieldcat-qfieldname  = &4.
      append ls_fieldcat to lt_fieldcat.
    END-OF-DEFINITION.
    TYPE-POOLS: slis.                      " ALV Global types
    TYPES:
      BEGIN OF ty_vbak,
        vkorg TYPE vbak-vkorg,             " Sales organization
        kunnr TYPE vbak-kunnr,             " Sold-to party
        vbeln TYPE vbak-vbeln,             " Sales document
        netwr TYPE vbak-netwr,             " Net Value of the Sales Order
        waerk TYPE vbak-waerk,             " Currency
      END OF ty_vbak,
      BEGIN OF ty_vbap,
        vbeln  TYPE vbap-vbeln,            " Sales document
        posnr  TYPE vbap-posnr,            " Sales document item
        matnr  TYPE vbap-matnr,            " Material number
        arktx  TYPE vbap-arktx,            " Short text for sales order item
        kwmeng TYPE vbap-kwmeng,           " Order quantity
        vrkme  TYPE vbap-vrkme,            " Quantity Unit
        netwr  TYPE vbap-netwr,            " Net value of the order item
        waerk  TYPE vbap-waerk,            " Currency
      END OF ty_vbap.
    DATA :
      gs_vbak TYPE ty_vbak,
    * Data displayed in the first list
      gt_vbak TYPE TABLE OF ty_vbak,
    * Data displayed in the second list
      gt_vbap TYPE TABLE OF ty_vbap.
    SELECT-OPTIONS :
      s_vkorg FOR gs_vbak-vkorg,           " Sales organization
      s_kunnr FOR gs_vbak-kunnr,           " Sold-to party
      s_vbeln FOR gs_vbak-vbeln.           " Sales document
    SELECTION-SCREEN :
      SKIP, BEGIN OF LINE,COMMENT 5(27) v_1 FOR FIELD p_max.    "#EC NEEDED
    PARAMETERS p_max(2) TYPE n DEFAULT '20' OBLIGATORY.
    SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.
    INITIALIZATION.
      v_1 = 'Maximum of records to read'.
    START-OF-SELECTION.
      PERFORM f_read_data_vbak.
      PERFORM f_display_data_vbak.
    *      Form  f_read_data_vbak
    FORM f_read_data_vbak.
      SELECT vkorg kunnr vbeln netwr waerk
        INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE gt_vbak
          UP TO p_max ROWS
        FROM vbak
       WHERE kunnr IN s_kunnr
         AND vbeln IN s_vbeln
         AND vkorg IN s_vkorg
         and vbtyp = 'C'.                  " C = Sales Orders.
    ENDFORM.                               " F_READ_DATA_VBAK
    *      Form  f_display_data_vbak
    FORM f_display_data_vbak.
      DATA:
        ls_fieldcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv,
        lt_fieldcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv.
    * Build the field catalog
      m_fieldcat 'VKORG' 'VBAK' '' ''.
      m_fieldcat 'KUNNR' 'VBAK' '' ''.
      m_fieldcat 'VBELN' 'VBAK' ''  ''.
      m_fieldcat 'NETWR' 'VBAK' 'WAERK' ''.
      m_fieldcat 'WAERK' 'VBAK' ''  ''.
    * Display the first list
      CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
        EXPORTING
          i_callback_program      = sy-cprog
          i_callback_user_command = 'USER_COMMAND'
          it_fieldcat             = lt_fieldcat
        TABLES
          t_outtab                = gt_vbak.
    ENDFORM.                               " F_DISPLAY_DATA_VBAK
    *       FORM USER_COMMAND                                             *
    FORM user_command USING u_ucomm     TYPE syucomm
                            us_selfield TYPE slis_selfield.     "#EC CALLED
      CASE u_ucomm.
        WHEN '&IC1'.
          READ TABLE gt_vbak INDEX us_selfield-tabindex INTO gs_vbak.
          CHECK sy-subrc EQ 0.
          PERFORM f_read_data_vbap.        " Read data from VBAP
          PERFORM f_display_data_vbap.
      ENDCASE.
    ENDFORM.                               " USER_COMMAND
    *      Form  f_read_data_vbap
    FORM f_read_data_vbap.
      SELECT vbeln posnr matnr arktx kwmeng vrkme netwr waerk
        INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE gt_vbap
        FROM vbap
       WHERE vbeln = gs_vbak-vbeln.
    ENDFORM.                               " F_READ_DATA_VBAP
    *      Form  f_display_data_vbap
    FORM f_display_data_vbap.
      DATA:
        ls_fieldcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv,
        lt_fieldcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv.
    * Build the field catalog
      m_fieldcat 'VBELN'  'VBAP' '' ''.
      m_fieldcat 'POSNR'  'VBAP' '' ''.
      m_fieldcat 'MATNR'  'VBAP' '' ''.
      m_fieldcat 'ARKTX'  'VBAP' '' ''.
      m_fieldcat 'KWMENG' 'VBAP' '' 'VRKME'.
      m_fieldcat 'VRKME'  'VBAP' '' ''.
      m_fieldcat 'NETWR'  'VBAP' 'WAERK' ''.
      m_fieldcat 'WAERK'  'VBAP' '' ''.
    * Display the second list
      CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
        EXPORTING
          it_fieldcat = lt_fieldcat
        TABLES
          t_outtab    = gt_vbap.
    ENDFORM.                               " F_DISPLAY_DATA_VBAP
    2nd example
    * Macro definition
    DEFINE m_fieldcat.
      add 1 to ls_fieldcat-col_pos.
      ls_fieldcat-fieldname   = &1.
      ls_fieldcat-ref_tabname = &2.
      append ls_fieldcat to lt_fieldcat.
    END-OF-DEFINITION.
    TYPE-POOLS: slis.                      " ALV Global types
    SELECTION-SCREEN :
      SKIP, BEGIN OF LINE,COMMENT 5(27) v_1 FOR FIELD p_max.    "#EC NEEDED
    PARAMETERS p_max(2) TYPE n DEFAULT '20' OBLIGATORY.
    SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.
    TYPES:
    * Data displayed in the first list
      BEGIN OF ty_kna1,
        kunnr TYPE kna1-kunnr,             " Customer number
        name1 TYPE kna1-name1,             " Customer name
        ort01 TYPE kna1-ort01,             " Customer city
      END OF ty_kna1,
    * Data displayed in the second list
      BEGIN OF ty_vbak,
        vkorg TYPE vbak-vkorg,             " Sales organization
        kunnr TYPE vbak-kunnr,             " Sold-to party
        vbeln TYPE vbak-vbeln,             " Sales document
        netwr TYPE vbak-netwr,             " Net Value of the Sales Order
      END OF ty_vbak,
    * Data displayed in the third list
      BEGIN OF ty_vbap,
        vbeln  TYPE vbap-vbeln,            " Sales document
        posnr  TYPE vbap-posnr,            " Sales document item
        matnr  TYPE vbap-matnr,            " Material number
        arktx  TYPE vbap-arktx,            " Short text for sales order item
        kwmeng TYPE vbap-kwmeng,           " Order quantity
        netwr  TYPE vbap-netwr,            " Net value of the order item
      END OF ty_vbap.
    DATA:
      gs_kna1 TYPE ty_kna1,
      gt_kna1 TYPE TABLE OF ty_kna1,
      gs_vbak TYPE ty_vbak,
      gt_vbak TYPE TABLE OF ty_vbak,
      gt_vbap TYPE TABLE OF ty_vbap.
    INITIALIZATION.
      v_1 = 'Maximum of records to read'.
    START-OF-SELECTION.
      PERFORM f_read_data_kna1.
    END-OF-SELECTION.
      PERFORM f_display_data_kna1.
    *      Form  f_read_data_kna1
    FORM f_read_data_kna1.
    * Read customer data with a least one order
      SELECT kunnr name1 ort01 INTO TABLE gt_kna1
               FROM kna1 AS k
                 UP TO p_max ROWS
              WHERE EXISTS
           ( SELECT kunnr FROM vbak WHERE kunnr = k~kunnr ).
    ENDFORM.                               " F_READ_DATA_KNA1
    *      Form  f_display_data_kna1
    FORM f_display_data_kna1.
      DATA:
        ls_fieldcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv,
        lt_fieldcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv.
    * Build the field catalog
      m_fieldcat 'KUNNR' 'KNA1'.
      m_fieldcat 'NAME1' 'KNA1'.
      m_fieldcat 'ORT01' 'KNA1'.
    * Display the first list
      CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
        EXPORTING
          i_callback_program      = sy-cprog
          i_callback_user_command = 'USER_COMMAND_KNA1'
          it_fieldcat             = lt_fieldcat
        TABLES
          t_outtab                = gt_kna1.
    ENDFORM.                               " F_DISPLAY_DATA_KNA1
    *       FORM USER_COMMAND_KNA1                                        *
    FORM user_command_kna1 USING u_ucomm     TYPE sy-ucomm
                                 us_selfield TYPE slis_selfield."#EC CALLED
      CASE u_ucomm.
        WHEN '&IC1'.
          READ TABLE gt_kna1 INDEX us_selfield-tabindex INTO gs_kna1.
          CHECK sy-subrc EQ 0.
          PERFORM f_read_data_vbak.        " Read data from VBAK
          PERFORM f_display_data_vbak.     " Display orders
      ENDCASE.
    ENDFORM.                               " USER_COMMAND_KNA1
    *      Form  f_read_data_vbak
    FORM f_read_data_vbak.
      SELECT vkorg kunnr vbeln netwr
        INTO TABLE gt_vbak
        FROM vbak
          UP TO p_max ROWS
       WHERE kunnr = gs_kna1-kunnr.
    ENDFORM.                               " F_READ_DATA_VBAK
    *      Form  f_display_data_vbak
    FORM f_display_data_vbak.
      DATA:
        ls_fieldcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv,
        lt_fieldcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv.
    * Build the field catalog
      m_fieldcat 'VKORG' 'VBAK'.
      m_fieldcat 'KUNNR' 'VBAK'.
      m_fieldcat 'VBELN' 'VBAK'.
      m_fieldcat 'NETWR' 'VBAK'.
    * Display the second list
      CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
        EXPORTING
          i_callback_program      = sy-cprog
          i_callback_user_command = 'USER_COMMAND_VBAK'
          it_fieldcat             = lt_fieldcat
        TABLES
          t_outtab                = gt_vbak.
    ENDFORM.                               " F_DISPLAY_DATA_VBAK
    *       FORM USER_COMMAND_VBAK                                        *
    FORM user_command_vbak USING u_ucomm     TYPE sy-ucomm
                                 us_selfield TYPE slis_selfield."#EC CALLED
      CASE u_ucomm.
        WHEN '&IC1'.
          READ TABLE gt_vbak INDEX us_selfield-tabindex INTO gs_vbak.
          CHECK sy-subrc EQ 0.
          PERFORM f_read_data_vbap.        " Read data from VBAP
          PERFORM f_display_data_vbap.     " Display items
      ENDCASE.
    ENDFORM.                               " USER_COMMAND_VBAK
    *      Form  f_read_data_vbap
    FORM f_read_data_vbap.
      SELECT vbeln posnr matnr arktx kwmeng netwr
        INTO TABLE gt_vbap
        FROM vbap
       WHERE vbeln = gs_vbak-vbeln.
    ENDFORM.                               " F_READ_DATA_VBAP
    *      Form  f_display_data_vbap
    FORM f_display_data_vbap.
      DATA:
        ls_fieldcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv,
        lt_fieldcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv.
    * Build the field catalog
      m_fieldcat 'VBELN'  'VBAP'.
      m_fieldcat 'POSNR'  'VBAP'.
      m_fieldcat 'MATNR'  'VBAP'.
      m_fieldcat 'ARKTX'  'VBAP'.
      m_fieldcat 'KWMENG' 'VBAP'.
      m_fieldcat 'NETWR'  'VBAP'.
    * Display the third list
      CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'
        EXPORTING
          it_fieldcat = lt_fieldcat
        TABLES
          t_outtab    = gt_vbap.
    ENDFORM.                               " F_DISPLAY_DATA_VBAP
    3rd Example
    ** Macro definition*
    *DEFINE m_fieldcat.*
      *add 1 to ls_fieldcat-col_pos.*
      *ls_fieldcat-fieldname   = &1.*
      *ls_fieldcat-ref_tabname = &2.*
      *append ls_fieldcat to lt_fieldcat.*
    *END-OF-DEFINITION.*
    *CONSTANTS :*
      *c_x VALUE 'X'.*
    *TYPE-POOLS: slis.                      " ALV Global types*
    *TYPES:*
    ** Data displayed in the first list*
      *BEGIN OF ty_vbak,*
        *vkorg TYPE vbak-vkorg,             " Sales organization*
        *kunnr TYPE vbak-kunnr,             " Sold-to party*
        *vbeln TYPE vbak-vbeln,             " Sales document*
        *netwr TYPE vbak-netwr,             " Net Value of the Sales Order*
      *END OF ty_vbak,*
    ** Data displayed in the popup list*
      *BEGIN OF ty_vbap,*
        *posnr  TYPE vbap-posnr,            " Sales document item*
        *matnr  TYPE vbap-matnr,            " Material number*
        *arktx  TYPE vbap-arktx,            " Short text for sales order item*
        *kwmeng TYPE vbap-kwmeng,           " Order quantity*
        *netwr  TYPE vbap-netwr,            " Net value of the order item*
      *END OF ty_vbap.*
    *DATA :*
      *g_vkorg TYPE vbak-vkorg,*
      *g_kunnr TYPE vbak-kunnr,*
      *g_vbeln TYPE vbak-vbeln,*
      *gt_vbak TYPE TABLE OF ty_vbak,*
      *gt_vbap TYPE TABLE OF ty_vbap.*
    *SELECT-OPTIONS :*
      *s_vkorg FOR g_vkorg,                 " Sales organization*
      *s_kunnr FOR g_kunnr,                 " Sold-to party*
      *s_vbeln FOR g_vbeln.                 " Sales document*
    *SELECTION-SCREEN :*
      *SKIP, BEGIN OF LINE,COMMENT 5(27) v_1 FOR FIELD p_max.    "#EC NEEDED*
    *PARAMETERS p_max(2) TYPE n DEFAULT '20' OBLIGATORY.*
    *SELECTION-SCREEN END OF LINE.*
    *INITIALIZATION.*
      *v_1 = 'Maximum of records to read'.*
    *START-OF-SELECTION.*
      *PERFORM f_read_data_vbak.*
      *PERFORM f_display_data_vbak.*
    **      Form  f_read_data_vbak*
    *FORM f_read_data_vbak.*
      *SELECT vkorg kunnr vbeln netwr*
        *INTO TABLE gt_vbak*
        *FROM vbak*
          *UP TO p_max ROWS*
       *WHERE kunnr IN s_kunnr*
         *AND vbeln IN s_vbeln*
         *AND vkorg IN s_vkorg.*
    *ENDFORM.                               " F_READ_DATA_VBAK*
    **      Form  f_display_data_vbak*
    *FORM f_display_data_vbak.*
      *DATA:*
        *ls_fieldcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv,*
        *lt_fieldcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv.*
    ** Build the field catalog*
      *m_fieldcat 'VKORG' 'VBAK'.*
      *m_fieldcat 'KUNNR' 'VBAK'.*
      *m_fieldcat 'VBELN' 'VBAK'.*
      *m_fieldcat 'NETWR' 'VBAK'.*
    ** Display the first list*
      *CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_GRID_DISPLAY'*
        *EXPORTING*
          *i_callback_program      = sy-cprog*
          *i_callback_user_command = 'USER_COMMAND'*
          *it_fieldcat             = lt_fieldcat*
        *TABLES*
          *t_outtab                = gt_vbak.*
    *ENDFORM.                               " F_DISPLAY_DATA_VBAK*
    **       FORM USER_COMMAND                                             **
    *FORM user_command USING u_ucomm     TYPE sy-ucomm*
                            *us_selfield TYPE slis_selfield.     "#EC CALLED*
      *DATA:*
        *ls_vbak TYPE ty_vbak.*
      *CASE u_ucomm.*
        *WHEN '&IC1'.*
          *READ TABLE gt_vbak INDEX us_selfield-tabindex INTO ls_vbak.*
          *CHECK sy-subrc EQ 0.*
          *PERFORM f_read_data_vbap         " Read data from VBAP*
            *USING ls_vbak-vbeln.*
          *PERFORM f_display_data_vbap.*
      *ENDCASE.*
    *ENDFORM.                               " USER_COMMAND*
    **      Form  f_read_data_vbap*
    *FORM f_read_data_vbap USING u_vbeln TYPE vbeln_va.*
      *SELECT posnr matnr arktx kwmeng netwr*
        *INTO TABLE gt_vbap*
        *FROM vbap*
       *WHERE vbeln = u_vbeln.*
    *ENDFORM.                               " F_READ_DATA_VBAP*
    **      Form  f_display_data_vbap*
    *FORM f_display_data_vbap.*
      *DATA:*
        *ls_private  TYPE slis_data_caller_exit,*
        *ls_fieldcat TYPE slis_fieldcat_alv,*
        *lt_fieldcat TYPE slis_t_fieldcat_alv.*
    ** Build the field catalog*
      *m_fieldcat 'POSNR'  'VBAP'.*
      *m_fieldcat 'MATNR'  'VBAP'.*
      *m_fieldcat 'ARKTX'  'VBAP'.*
      *m_fieldcat 'KWMENG' 'VBAP'.*
      *m_fieldcat 'NETWR'  'VBAP'.*
      *ls_private-columnopt = c_x.          " Optimize width*
    ** Display items in a POPUP*
      *CALL FUNCTION 'REUSE_ALV_POPUP_TO_SELECT'*
        *EXPORTING*
          *i_selection = ' '*
          *i_tabname   = 'GT_VBAP'*
          *it_fieldcat = lt_fieldcat*
          *is_private  = ls_private*
        *TABLES*
          *t_outtab    = gt_vbap.*
    *ENDFORM.                               " F_DISPLAY_DATA_VBAP*
    ***************** END OF PROGRAM Z_ALV_GRID_AND_POPUP *******************
    reward if helpful
    raam

  • Can any one plz send me a screenshots of LDB

    Can any one plz send me a screenshots of LDB

    Hi
    Goto SE36 Tcode and press f4 and see the related LDB and its components like Selections, Structures, Database program etc
    see the doc
    A logical database is a special ABAP/4 program which combines the contents of certain database tables. You can link a logical database to an ABAP/4 report program as an attribute. The logical database then supplies the report program with a set of hierarchically structured table lines which can be taken from different database tables.
    LDB offers an easy-to-use selection screens. You can modify the pre-generated selection screen to your needs. It offers check functions to check whether user input is complete, correct, and plausible. It offers reasonable data selections. It contains central authorization checks for data base accesses. Enhancements such as improved performance immediately apply to all report programs that use the logical database.
    Less coding s required to retrieve data compared to normal internel tables.
    Tables used LDB are in hierarchial structure.
    Mainly we used LDBs in HR Abap Programming.
    Where all tables are highly inter related so LDBs can optimize the performance there.
    Check this Document. All abt LDB's
    https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/com.sap.km.cm.highlightedcontent?documenturi=%2flibrary%2fabap%2fabap-code-samples%2fldb+browser.doc
    GO THROUGH LINKS -
    http://www.sap-basis-abap.com/saptab.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/9f/db9bfa35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/9f/db9b5e35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c6/8a15381b80436ce10000009b38f8cf/frameset.htm
    /people/srivijaya.gutala/blog/2007/03/05/why-not-logical-databases
    Re: **LDB**
    www.sapbrain.com/FAQs/TECHNICAL/SAP_ABAP_Logical_Database_FAQ.html
    www.sap-img.com/abap/abap-interview-question.htm
    www.sap-img.com/abap/quick-note-on-design-of-secondary-database-indexes-and-logical-databases.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/9f/db9b5e35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/9f/db9bb935c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/content.htm
    Gothru the blog which provides info on LDB's:
    /people/srivijaya.gutala/blog/2007/03/05/why-not-logical-databases
    <b>Reward points for useful Answers</b>
    Regards
    Anji

  • Plz send  material on portal development

    hello sir/madam,
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                        Thanking u,
    Regards,
    Sandhya Rani.Immadi

    Hi Sandhya,
    Welcome the EP community. Great to see that you are starting early (just after college). The links for portal development are as follows:
    1. To begin with EP there are vairous courses at the following link (from Beginner to Advanced)
    https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/elearning?rid=/webcontent/uuid/4b0c105e-0501-0010-bcb0-92478a4b2a17
    2. Web Dynpro: Java based portal development is done using this tool(Infact it is picking up quite fast). The link contains tutorials for creating applicatios. Just the right thing for getting you started without boring you with too much theory:
    https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/011be490-0201-0010-2f90-91e872e9490c
    3. For HTMLB (HTML for Business),  the language used for the portal development:
    http://www.sapdesignguild.org./resources/htmlb_guidance/getting_started.html
    The following links will get you started in Portal Development. Also I would advice that you have a good understanding on Java/J2EE. If you are new to it and want to get a quick & good understanding on Java/J2EE, I would suggest you go read Head First Series of Java books (Head First Java, Head First Servlet & JSP and Head First EJB).Really useful books, stresses only on the concepts and nothing more. 
    Also start visiting forums adn weblogs at SDN, there is a lot of stuff happening out here.
    Hope this will help you. Let me know if you have any more queries.
    Thanks & Regards
    --Vishal Sood
    PS: Please consider rewarding points for helpful answers.

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