Question about bridge pattern

its definition is "decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently". I don't understand what "abstraction and the implementation vary independently" really mean and how .
Before another question pls see the below class diagram of bridge pattern:
http://images.cnblogs.com/cnblogs_com/zhenyulu/Pic91.gif
My question is whether not using abstraction and just keeping implementation hierarchy can do the same thing? Interface and its implementation itself(polymorphism) can make extending easily and be well subject to open-closed principle,can't they?
Sorry for my bad English.
Edited by: fxbird on 2011-7-17 上午5:13

fxbird wrote:
jschell wrote:
fxbird wrote:
I think it's very common in j2ee development. Certainly isn't if someone is using a container.
If someone is creating a container then I would suspect that such a pattern might be useful.
However if someone is creating a container then there are going to be a lot of useful patterns. And lot of classes as well.
And in total of the entire scope of creating a container the bridge would be a very small part.
So it certainly isn't going to be "common".Hello jschell , what do you mean by 'container'? You phrased your comment about J2EE. A common idiom is to refer to a J2EE (actually newer name is JEE) server as a JEE container. Not sure why specifically that word is used but maybe because such servers are said to 'contain' applications.
In my previous reply, the architecture I mentioned is ss(spring+struts2.x),the pattern I mentioned is a standard way. You either do not understand what I said or you do not understand what happens in those implementations.
If I have 100,000 classes and 3 of them are implementing the bridge pattern then it is not "common".
If I have 100,000 classes and 3,000 of them implement many bridge patterns (and not generated) then one could say it is "common".
And having done some JEE applications I seriously doubt there is an implicit need to use the bridge pattern.
The bridge pattern is intended to deal with a complex situation. Since there are more simple JEE applications than complex ones then it seems unlikely that there is a "common" need for it in JEE applications.
Actual I've not been understood why it's used this way---define business interface, from my perspective, it doesn't have to define it, simply writing a business class and calling dao method is enough. I assume bo interface thing is a bridge pattern.I don't know why they would use the bridge pattern nor even if they really do. I wouldn't be surprised that it is used and I can also suppose that the use would be a good idea. Although it is quite possible as well that it is used incorrectly in some places.

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So I have this qualm about bridge patterns. A professor I have is telling me I should never be doing switch statements in my driver if I'm using bridge patterns (except for at object creation), but I think he's wrong and I want to clarify when I think you're going to have to use one of two faux pas.
Let's take a look at the good old Shape example. So we have a Square and a Circle and we want them to be able to draw themselves. The square uses two points (top left, and bottom right let's say) to draw itself and the Circle uses a center point and a radius to draw itself. It's obvious we need a switch statement at creation to determine which one we're making. My question then comes in, what about when we edit it? Let's say we want to change the points in the rectangle or the point/radius on the circle. We'd either need to do one of two things:
a) if we put our editShape function in our driver class, we'd have to do a switch to see what type of shape we're editing before we can find out if we need to get input for two points or if we need to get input for a point and a radius length, and then pass that to our edit functions within the objects themselves.
b) the other option requires we have both objects contain an editShape function (which would probably be an abstract method within Shape that we'd override) and each object would implement them different. Within this function, the object itself is displaying prompts and getting input.
A is clearly not the right choice, because it results in high coupling and we're having to switch on our objects and we'd have to change the code every time we add new shape classes. B makes sense because we can just call Shape.editShape() from the driver and depending on which type it is it will ask for the proper input from within the object. However, I thought it was bad practice to have input (specifically prompts and scan reads) from within an object.
Is this where the bridge class comes into play? For example, would I have a ShapeIO class (which could then have an extended ShapeIOConsole class possibly vs a ShapeIOFile class that would read input from a file?) that would contain the prompting from there? And then that class would handle all possible inputs I'd be prompting for?
E.G. ShapeIOConsole.getPoint() would have the scanner and prompting calls and would return a Point while my Shape.editShape for Square would just call ShapeIO.getPoint() (assuming I have a ShapeIO object within Shape that's been instantiated as a ShapeIOConsole object) to get two points and my Shape.editShape for Circle would call a ShapeIO.getPoint() and a ShapeIO.getRadius? This would mean anytime I have a new Object that has a new type of property to get input for, I'd have to add a function to my ShapeIO, right?
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benirose wrote:
Thanks for your reply lance! I have a few responses if it's not too much trouble:None at all.
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>
>>
That isn't obvious to me at all. Why do you need a switch?
I would assume you need a switch statement because you need to know what constructor to call, right? For example if you have Shape myShape, wouldn't you need to determine if you're instantiating that as a Square or Circle? I mean you could do it with if statements and not a switch, but you'd need to conditionalize (is that a word?!) the creation, correct?Presumably something has caused the need to instantiate a particular shape. Let's suppose that the action that caused it was that a user pressed a button on a GUI. Now presumably there is a button for a new circle and another button for a new square. Each of these buttons can have their own event handler. The event handler for the 'New Circle' button can instantiate a new circle (or call something else that does it) and the event handler for 'New Square' can instantiate a new square (or call something else that does it). Where does the conditional logic come in?
It could be that your user interface is a text based list of items to create, and the user has to type a number to choose. In this case, you might need to do some conditional logic, yes.
Of course there are times when context is not given or insufficient. Often at the fringes of systems, when interacting with other systems, you need to determine what kind of message you've been given before processing it. But even then, there are usually better ways than lots of conditional logic (dispatch tables, for example).
Having said all of that, I have worked on a system where a GUI had something like 150 different buttons / menu items / other things that could cause actions to occur. The original developer had decided to give each of these things a number so that he could save himself the bother of creating a new ActionListener or whatever for each item, and routed every action through the same switch statement to try to recover the information he'd just thrown away. Bizarre.
>
>>
You could use a visitor rather than doing a switch.
I don't really know much about the visitor class, but I'll give it a look.
I assume you mean 'from within a "domain model" class'. I think the bad practice you're referring to is the failure to separate model concerns from view concerns (or, more generally, the failure to separate the concerns of different domains).
Yeah, I suppose so. I just don't see many classes asking for it's own input, you usually pass it from the driver class. There's no editString() function which asks for input of a new string, you do that in the driver and then set the new string.Try not to think in terms of a 'driver'. This suggests procedural thinking. Think instead of a collaborating eco-system of objects where one object may delegate to another to do some work on it's behalf. The delegator may, when delegating, also give the delegate something that it might find useful to do its work (such as a means of obtaining data or something that it can further delegate some of the work to). If you do it right, the delegate only sees an abstraction appropriate to its place in the eco-system, behind which could exist any number of implementations. If you're just starting out, this may seem a bit heady. Don't worry about it, it'll come...
>
>
>>
I wouldn't necessarily do any of it this way; I'm only trying to address your question about Bridge. It probably is a good idea to go and talk to your professor again. If you do, come back here and tell us what he said...
Yeah, I'm not sure I'd do it this way either, but the assignment is a Survey taking program, and the basic implementation was to have an abstract Question class which has a two level inheritence tree of MultipleChoice, Essay, and Matching inheriting from Question, and TF, Short Answer, and Ranking inheriting from MC, Essay, and Matching respectively. So our Survey class would have a Vector of Questions, which is fine, but he said we couldn't do any conditioning to see what type of Question we have, and that we should just be able to make calls to abstract functions in Question that will handle everything.It sounds like he's trying to get you to put behaviour into the Question subclasses, rather than having it in the Survey (i.e. to do what I said above :-). This may feel a bit strange at first, and you might be saying to yourself 'I thought OO was supposed to model the real world, but a question doesn't do anything in the real world'. One of the core concepts in OO is that if you find yourself doing something to an object in the real world, then ask the object to do it for you in your model. That way, system intelligence gets distributed evenly throughout your model.
You do run into odd issues though. For example, in a library, suppose you have a book and a bookshelf. Supposing the book has just been returned to the library, should the book now goBackToShelf(), or should the shelf receiveBook(). It might even be both under some circumstances. It could also be neither, if you decide that a Librarian is part of your model. But be careful about doing that. You could get all of your behaviour concentrated in the Librarian with everything else in the system being dumb containers of data (some might argue that would be a good thing).
>
On a side note, I know if you type a variable with the abstract class (E.G. Question) and then instantiate it as an inherited class (E.G. MC), you can only make calls to the abstract functions (at least Eclipse tells me so). Is it the same way with an interface? What if my Question class wasn't abstract, then I should be fine, right?You can only make calls to the methods declared by Question and it's supertypes (it doesn't matter whether those methods are abstract or not). This is the same for interfaces and it would also be the same if Question was not abstract. The reason is that when you have a declaration like this
Question question;you are defining a variable called 'question' of type Question. The only things you can ask 'question' to do are those things that its type knows about, which are the methods declared by Question and it's supertypes. The fact that 'question' refers to an object of some subclass of Question doesn't matter. All that matters is the type of the variable, which is Question.
Regards,
Lance

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