Relatively short battery charge

I have a mid-2010 Macbook Pro 15" 2.53 i5. It was purchased in July, but I just received it (second hand) last week.
Works great- with one exception- the battery charge. I get, with a full charge, 4 to 4.5 hours. The only programs running are Google browser and my email. I check the CPU usage, and both are listed as less than 10%.
I re-calibrated the battery. Turned off bluetooth. I have all the energy settings optimized. Same 4 to 4.5 hours.
As I type this- I have 96% of the battery remaining and 4:28.
CoconutBattery says current capacity is 7002 and design capacity is 6900. It does fully charge to the 7002.
I would not expect the advertised 9 hours- but would expect 7-8 with regular use.
Seems like I have exhausted any software issue (unless someone else has a suggestion).
Is this something that should go to an Apple support? Could it be a hardware issue?
All else with the Macbook looks and works great.
Thanks
Message was edited by: Myles Gartland
Message was edited by: Myles Gartland

Thanks for the above. I did several of the things and ran some experiments.
I loaded gfxcardstatus and set it to "intel only" when on battery. Bluetooth is off.
I closed every program, and with every program closed and the macbook sits still for a few seconds- my battery goes up to 7.5 hours. Fine.
As soon as I open 1 program- first was Safari (per the suggestion)- it drops right down to 4.5 hours stays in that range.
Then I close Safari and it eventually goes back up to 7.5 hours.
Then try Google Chrome. Back down to 4.5, then back up to 7+ when I close.
Same thing when I open other programs. Outlook, etc.
Now of course, to lose battery power capacity when having a program open seems normal- but to drop 3 hours worth (almost half) with only 1 program open seems odd to me.
Normal or unusual?

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    If you were to always keep your macbook battery floating between 20% and 80% charge roughly, then you’d have no other considerations to make about your battery and its care,… except for long-term storage.
    Natural changes of capacity in lithium batteries happens when they undergo cathode degradation at roughly 20% per year where Ion exchange becomes less efficient. Mostly low draining (deep DOD) and to a much lesser degree high standing charge rates accelerate this process. Unnatural capacity for lithium battery charges changes, and chemistry changes in a lithium battery when often pushed or pulled to extremes
    In a lithium battery, deep discharges alter the chemistry of the anode to take up lithium ions and slowly damages the batteries capacity for the cathode to transport lithium ions to the anode when charging, thereby reducing max charge levels in mAh. In short, radical swings of power to lithium cells disrupts the chemical ecosystem of the battery to hold charges correctly which likewise impedes the perfect transfer of lithium ions both in charging and discharging.  In charging your lithium battery, lithium ions are “pushed uphill” (hard) to the anode, and discharged “downhill” (easy) to the cathode when on battery power. Deep discharges, damages this “upward” electrolyte chemistry for the battery to maintain a healthy charge and discharge balance relative to its age and cycles.
    Optimally, in terms of a healthy lithium battery and its condition, it is most happy at 50% between extremes, which is why low-power-drain processors such as the Haswell are ideal on lithium battery health since a partially charged battery with a low-drain processor has, in general, much more usage in hours
    Battery calibration, battery memory, battery overcharging, battery training, …all these concepts are mostly holdovers from much older battery technology, and on older Apple portable Macbooks ranging from early nicads, NiMh and otherwise; and these practices do not apply to your lithium battery and its smart controllers.
    Calibrating the battery on older Apple portable Macbooks with removable batteries.
    http://support.apple.com/kb/PH14087
    There is no calibration of current Apple portable Macbooks with built-in batteries.
    http://support.apple.com/kb/ht1490
    There is no battery calibration with current Apple portable Macbooks with built-in batteries. Lithium batteries have essentially a 0-‘memory’, and all such calibration involve the estimations fed to the system controller on the SOC (state of charge) of the battery over long periods of time as the battery degrades. The software based battery controller knows the battery's characteristics, or SOC and adjusts itself. This is why there is both no need and purpose to periodically deeply drain your macbook battery, since it doesn’t affect the characteristics of the battery, and further still deep discharges are something you should not do on purpose to any lithium battery.
    From BASF: How Lithium Batteries work
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2PjyJhe7Q1g
    How its made, Lithium batteries
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJrNCjVS0gk
    Bad discharging or battery use conditions:
    Heat (due to environmental conditions or due to rapid discharges from heavy use = gaming / video editing)
    Rapid discharging of the battery frequently causes chemical changes over time in the battery leading to decreased capacity and resistance of current flow.
    The very worst use of your battery is often draining the battery very low, and worse still letting it remain in such a state.
    *Most long-term rapid damage to the battery occurs from discharging it with high loading (gaming) conditions but paramount is avoiding deep and frequent low DOD (depths of discharge) in use.
    Undesirable charging or charged conditions:
    High perpetual SOC (state of charge), where the battery is always or very often connected to charge
    Parasitic loading where the battery is both usually on and charging or worse both always charging and in sleep mode, since this induces mini-cycling of the battery.
    Bad general handling conditions:
    Temperature use conditions when either too hot (95F and above) or too cold (50F and below)
    Storing your battery away with a low charge (40% and less) long-term.
    Considerations:
    Your battery is subject to chemical aging even if not in use. A Lithium battery is aging as soon as its made, regardless.
    In a perfect (although impractical) situation, your lithium battery is best idealized swinging back and forth between 20 and 85% SOC (state of charge) roughly.
    Further still how you discharge the battery is far more important than how it is either charged or stored short term.
    Ultimately counting charge cycles is of little to no importance.  Abuse in discharging (foremost), charging, and storing the battery and how it affects battery chemistry is important and not the ‘odometer’ reading, or cycle counts on the battery. 
    Everything boils down to battery chemistry long term, and not an arbitrary number, or cycle count.
    Keep your macbook plugged in when near a socket since in the near end of long-term life, this is beneficial to the battery.

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