Router/PVST question...

Using NetLabs (from NetAcademy) I hav3 a 2621 Fa0/0 hooked up to a virtual PC using VMware. When I ran a packet sniffer on the virtual pc (troubleshooting a different problem) I saw some PVST+ packets ... the only cable/NIC on this PC is coming from the FA0/0 of the router...my question is why would I be seeing spanning tree packets from from a router?
The config on the router is nothing fancy,
int fa0/0
ip address blah blah
dupl auto
speed auto
Thanks,
Jimmy

Hello Jimmy,
real world routers never generate PVST BPDUs, with special configurations (like L2TPV3) they can propagate them in some form of L2 transport over an IP network.
Routers can generate their own BPDUs but of type IEEE 802.1D when configured for Routing and Bridging (IRB).
My guess is that the system use a "switch object" to connect the three routers and the virtual PC to the same vlan (4 ports of a vlan) and it is this object that generates the PVST+ frames you see on the virtual PC port.
Hope to help
Giuseppe

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Cisco ASA 5505 VPN Routing/Networking Question

I have a very basic question about Cisco ASA 5505 IPsec Site to Site VPNs. I want to install a Cisco ASA 5505 at a Data Center, in a LAN subnet that utilizes publicly routable IP addresses. I would like to install a second Cisco ASA 5505 in a remote branch office as its peer.
Regardless of whether I use publicly routable IPs at the branch office in the "inside" network or non-routable IPs, how would the devices and servers at the Data Center know to route IP packets destined for the branch office back through the Cisco ASA instead of through the default gateway at the Data Center? I can see accomplishing this if every single device at the Data Center is configured with routing table entries, but that isn't feasible. It also isn't feasible to use the Cisco ASA 5505 as the default gateway for all of the devices as the Data Center, allowing it to decide where the traffic should go.
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You can do it in several different ways.
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Wireless Router WAN Question

I currently have a WRT600N wireless router. This router allows me to release the WAN IP and get a new IP. It may rotate through what ever my service provider is offering but it is always different at least 4 times in a row. I have another cable connection upstairs and a different type of router. This router does not get a new IP when I do a ipconfig /release, instead, it will get the same ip back all day long.
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When I move the WRT600N to the upstairs cable modem, I get a different IP everytime I release and renew the IP address (Via the web interface of the router).
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Route distinguisher question

Hi,
I need to clear some concept regarding rd, i had a topology from one of the COD in which instructor connects 2 CE sites to each other using VPN_A but at one PE the configured RD was different and at another PE RD was different. The thing which connected both the CE sites was the same import/export RT.
Previously i knew that RD should be unique per customer then y did the instructor configured different RD for the same VPN. i.e VPN_A.
Next question is that is the Vrf name i.e VPN_A in this case locally significant on the router?

Hi,
RD is used for the sake of address space overlapping (by constructing unique VPNv4 routes; in the RD:IPv4 format) and also as a VRF identifier (on the PE and the RR the VRF is identified by the RD, accordingly the RD is a mandatory attribute for the VRF configuration), and it is only significant on the PEs and RRs if exists.
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I hope that i've been informative.
BR,
Mohammed Mahmoud.

Wireless Router/Networking question

Could post this in any number of forums here as my computer inventory includes a MDD with wireless card and a Sawtooth connected direct to the ethernet hub which in turn is connected to my Qwest DSL wireless router. Have a couple others wired in as well a cube and a FP iMac 800 (one of the originals). And now my first laptop ... MBP 2.4Ghz.
Anyway, the question is this .... Can I replace the Qwest DSL router with one that provides 'n' wireless speed so the MBP can benefit from it? If so, any recommendations for a router?
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Yes, you can do that. The n wireless router will have to run in mixed g/n mode, which will reduce the actual speeds attained on the MBP (lower than an n-only network, but the reduction will not be to g-wireless speeds).
Having stated that, keep in mind that unless you are running local wireless file transfers (think backing up to Time Capsule here), there's no need for n-wireless. In other words, a home wireless network is not the bottleneck for internet access, it's your ISP.
Verizon just announced 50 mbps with their FIOS service (with a hefty premium cost), and that's the fastest available home internet connection, and it's still slower than even 802.11g (54 mbps). Typical home internet connections are in the 1-10 mbps range, and so even an 802.11b network is faster.
Hope this helps...

Route plan question

We have two offices that will be consolidated in to one office within the same city. The existing offices are in the same area code. The new office will be in a different area code. According to ATT, the DIDs cannot be ported to the new office.
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Any comment or suggestions you may have will be greatly appreciated.
Thanks!

Hey Richard,
Personally, I would create another dialplan and then use the bat tool to move the phones from one dialplan to another as the changes are made. If you're not experienced with doing this, I would concur with your decision to hire outside help to do this.
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hth,
Rick

WiFi router location question.

When you move your wifi router and it shows the old address how does it learn the new address. Can you speed up the process or does it just take time ?
See also a similar question to help another person. Thank you. Happy New Year.
Hi, I have recently moved home and changed my details in my Apple ID but when using find friends or the maps app I am still located at my previous address, can you help ?

If you have the WiFi-only iPad (which does not have GPS) your location is determined by the mapped location of nearby WiFi routers.
Without GPS location-finding is done by using a Apple location database which contains the MAC addresses of routers and their physical location. A MAC address is a unique number which is built-in to all network devices when manufactured.
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Note that to be used for location determination, a device does not need to be actually connected to a router, it just has to see the router. More precise location determination can be done if several nearby routers can be seen. When a router is moved from one location to another erroneous locations can sometimes be reported until the router's location is corrected in Apple's database.

Router security question

Hi,
I have recently connected a Linksys router (WRT54GC) via ethernet cables between my cable modem and my iMac C2D.
Also, I connected an iMac G3 (upstairs) to that router via ethernet wall-plug adapters.
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I did not configure the iMacs or the router. I just plugged everything into the appropriate ports and it works. I have NOT tried to connect wirelessly, nor is AirPort turned on in my iMac C2D.
My question is: am I still vulnerable to someone connecting to my computers wirelessly through the Linksys? Should I configure the router for security protection?
I'm afraid to touch anything because it actually works!
Any advice on this matter would be appreciated.
Phillip
iMac Intel Core 2 Duo 20" Mac OS X (10.4.8) 1 GB ram

If you've set up the router with a decent password and turned-off SSID broadcasts, then it's unlikely someone will be able to access your network via the wireless access.
However, if it's running with an out-of-the-box config, then it's a possibility.

First Time Router User Questions

This is my very first time owning and using a router, so I have a few questions I'd like to ask.
1. Can my router be plugged (with the lights flashing) at all times, or does it have to be un-plugged when not in use? (For fear of it overheating).
2. If I stay connected to a wireless port from my router at all times (on any given computer), does it eat up my bandwidth even if I am not surfing the internet?
Thank you if you reply to these somewhat silly questions. XD
Message Edited by LadyYuina on 03-26-2009 02:37 AM
Message Edited by LadyYuina on 03-26-2009 02:37 AM
Solved!
Go to Solution.

For a first time router owner your questions are perfectly normal. You dont have to turn off anything and the post about security is good advice. If your primary concern is bandwidth then you don' t want all your neighbors eating it up. As far as your LAN or Local Area Network you can leave that on as well with no bandwith issues. (Though with wireless you make run into some connectivity issues) Try not to confuse LAN with WAN. LAN = your network, WAN is you ISP a.k.a your bandwidth. Finally your WEP key (which is what I'm assuming you have to enter every time you disconnect) you can just leave that in and don't click on "disconnect" or you will be entering it everytime

Weird routing/subnet question

If you have the subnet 24.48.75.0/24 giving you a host range of 24.48.75.1 - 254 defined on an interface
and you then have a static route statement:
ip route 24.48.75.64 255.255.255.224 X.X.X.X
Have you effectively lost 2 addresses?
Meaning, even though it's just a static route, does 24.48.75.64 become a network number and 24.48.75.95 a broadcast, and consequently unusable as host addresses?
Thanks.
PS, I'm not looking for best practices type info, it's just hypothetical as I try to work out an possible issue...and wanted to know if my thinking was correct.

yes is helps immensely. thank you.
i was sort of leading somewhere as i have this very odd customer problem.
the router above (call it routerA) with the info i bolded, has a primary gig 0/3 address of :
ip address 70.11.120.2 255.255.255.248
and that route which sends it out Gig0/3:
ip route 70.11.120.64 255.255.255.192 GigabitEthernet0/3
Gig0/3 is connnected to Gig0/1 on this router (routerB):
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
ip address 70.11.120.4 255.255.255.248
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
ip address 70.11.120.153 255.255.255.252
interface GigabitEthernet0/3
ip address 70.11.120.185 255.255.255.252
ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 70.11.120.5
ip route 70.11.120.172 255.255.255.252 70.11.120.142
ip route 70.11.123.0 255.255.255.248 70.11.120.134
ip route 70.11.123.8 255.255.255.248 70.11.120.138
ip route 70.11.123.16 255.255.255.248 70.11.120.142
ip route 70.11.123.24 255.255.255.248 70.11.120.146
ip route 70.11.123.40 255.255.255.248 70.11.120.154
ip route 70.11.123.48 255.255.255.248 70.11.120.158
ip route 70.11.123.64 255.255.255.248 70.11.120.166
ip route 70.11.123.72 255.255.255.248 70.11.120.170
ip route 70.11.123.96 255.255.255.248 70.11.120.186
ip route 70.11.123.104 255.255.255.248 70.11.120.182
From RouterB:
sh ip route 70.11.120.64 255.255.255.192
% Network not in table
So naturally uses the default route and sends it to 70.11.120.5.
My problem is 70.11.120.5 is a glbp ip address on RouterA.
So i guess my question becomes do i have a routing loop or am I not grasping a config issue with glbp?

Router E2000 question

Hi, I'm new to wireless internet and have a ?. I purchased a Wii setup and want to connect it to the router. I have tried many times to hook it up and keep getting a no go.My son set the router up with his laptop and now he has gone back to collage. My computer hasn't got the software loaded on it for the router. If i put the cd in my computer it asks for password and such, son says he didn't put one in, but still can't get by that screen. We have three other computers hooked to the router now. If i go and reset the router what happens? Do i have to reset all computers to work off the router both Main and guest. Any help will be appreciated.

You can find the E2000 manual here:
http://home.cisco.com/assets/presskit/userguides/e2000_ug.pdf
This question is better asked on the Linksys forums at http://homecommunity.cisco.com/
How did he set up the 3 PCs? If he used the Easy Setup Key method, he would have never set a password. However, the Wii does not support the Easy Setup Key method.
I see you have two networks, Main, and Guest. Do the 3 other PCs use Main? Since the Wii uses Internet access only, it would be OK to have it use "Guest" Just see what the password is for the Guest in the "Guest access settings" screen of the router. See the manual to see how to get to that screen.
You can configure the router without the CD by using a web browser on one of the attached PCs. You would type "192.168.1.1" into the browser "address bar" on any attached PC and log in with username admin and password admin, if those passwords were not changed.

Basic router security question

I have the wrt54g wireless router. I have never set up security on the router but am going to now. I have my desktop plugged directly into the router and my laptop connects wirelessly. If I go to one of the encryption modes is it just my laptop that will need to know the encryption key to connect? Because the desktop is plugged directly in will anything need to be done for it to connect after encrytion is turned on?
Second question , if the ssid is turned off how does my laptop find the router in order to connect to it? Thanks.
Carl

Carl,
On your two questions:
1) Encryption only affects the wireless connection. Wired connections between your computer and the router are not encrypted. As an example, I upgraded to a Cisco E3000 router this week. I physically disconnected my old one, connected the new one and within 10 seconds my wired computer had Internet access. On the wireless side I had to re-configure everything including setting up encryption.
2) Your laptop will ask for a connection to the unbroadcast SSID and the router will respond with effectively, "Here I am." It's no different than you calling out someone's name when you're looking for them. They'll respond ... usually. Not broadcasting an SSID simply prevents people from finding the network by having their computer build a list.
Hope that helps.
Scott

SRST router basis questions

Hi friends,
For a branch office connectivity solution, we are planning for a 2811 router with SRST being able to make voice calls to the PSTN via a BRI card. Just three questions on this :
1. Can you tell me if the following parts are right for this:
a. VIC2-2BRI-NT/TE (for voice calls)
b. 2811 router with Adv IP Services feature set
c. FL-SRST-SMALL (just for 15 users required)
2. Do i need to also need to add PVDM2 to the list? Or is the Voice BRI card enough in this case?
3. Do i also need CME license to host this router as SRST viz. FL-CCME-SMALL?
Thanks a lot
Gautam

Gautam,
If you are purchasing a voice bundle such as 2811-VSEC-CCME/K9, this will ship with PVDM's 2-16 and CCME ready-to-go. So you don't have to purchase them ontop.
Take few minutes to run through and digest this 'Quick Look' guide to ISR bundles.
http://www.cisco.com/application/pdf/en/us/guest/products/ps5854/c1650/cdccont_0900aecd804e773d.pdf
The VIC2-BRI-NT/TE is the right module for your scenario.
hth,
Ajaz

FIOS Actiontec Router "Range" Question

I was one of the first FIOS internet customers in LA.
Will replacing my Actiontec M1424WR (rev A) Router to a newer (rev E) or( rev F) of the same router model increase my WIFI range?
Thanks

viafax999 wrote:
Probably only if the new router has wireless wireles-N capabilities. Very doubtful that VZ will do that for you. You'd be better off purchasing your own router, not actiontec, and connecting it to the VZ router.
Thanks, but won't adding (daisy-chaining) a second router (wireless N) cause IP address issues? And . . . can you recommend a good wireless N router/

BGP Outbound Route-Map Question

Hi Experts,
Just need your help again. I was trying to do some lab and I came across this weird behaviour with BGP outbound route-map. The diagram is simple.
Please see attached diagram. Sorry for the very poor illustration. R6 has iBGP peering to both R4 and R1. Both R1 and R4 have eBGP peering to R5. No IGP running on any routers as well to keep things simple. There are 2 things to do.
* Create a static route for 160.1.0.0/16 pointing to Null0 on both R1 and R4 and advertise to BGP via network statement but only R5 should be able to see the 160.1.0.0/16 route. R6 should not receive it.
* Advertise R5's /32 loopback interface to BGP but ensure R6 to have that route in its routing table. Don't use next-hop-self on both R1 and R4. Don't advertise WAN link via network command.
I'll just illustrate R4 and R6 here to keep things straight forward.
R4#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 5, local router ID is 150.1.4.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*> 150.1.5.5/32     155.1.45.5               0             0 100 i
*> 160.1.0.0        0.0.0.0                  0         32768 i
R6#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 11, local router ID is 150.1.6.6
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* i150.1.5.5/32     155.1.45.5               0    100      0 100 i
* i                 155.1.0.5                0    100      0 100 i
The first task was achieved as the 160.0.0.0/16 route is not present in R6's table. I used these commands in R4.
router bgp 65000
no synchronization
bgp log-neighbor-changes
network 160.1.0.0
neighbor 155.1.45.5 remote-as 100
neighbor 155.1.146.6 remote-as 65000
neighbor 155.1.146.6 route-map R6_OUT out
no auto-summary
route-map R6_OUT deny 5
match ip address prefix-list AGGR
route-map R6_OUT permit 1000
ip prefix-list AGGR seq 5 permit 160.1.0.0/16
So with the configuration above, it is clear that R4 is hitting route-map line 5 to deny 160.1.0.0/16 being advertised to R6. I tried to remove line 5 to validate as well if the /16 route will be advertised to R6 and it did so route-map configuration above is confirmed working.
Next, advertise loopback 0 of R5 to R6 and make sure it is a valid route in BGP table without the use of next-hop-self or WAN advertisement.
I used the following configuration.
ip prefix-list R5_LINK seq 5 permit 155.1.45.5/32
route-map R6_OUT permit 10
match ip route-source R5_LINK
set ip next-hop 155.1.146.4
I inserted line 10 in between route-map 5 and 1000. So R4 would check its route table for routes with 155.1.45.5 as route-source then advertise it to R6 with next-hop address of 155.1.146.4. It worked!
R6#sh ip bgp
BGP table version is 15, local router ID is 150.1.6.6
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
              r RIB-failure, S Stale
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
   Network          Next Hop            Metric LocPrf Weight Path
*>i150.1.5.5/32     155.1.146.4              0    100      0 100 i
* i                 155.1.0.5                0    100      0 100 i
*>i160.1.0.0        155.1.146.4              0    100      0 i
As you can see above, 150.1.5.5 route is now a valid BGP route but surprisingly, the 160.1.0.0/16 route is there! From what I have seen, BGP skipped line 5 and started at 10. Even if I insert the same rule as line 5 and make it as line 15, it's not working. The /16 route is still being advertised. If I remove the match ip route-source clause in sequence 10 then it will withdraw the 160.1.0.0/16 route again. Looks like "match ip route-source" is not very friendly with direct filtering to BGP neighbors but I saw this being used with BGP inject-map and it worked well.
R4#sh route-map
route-map R6_OUT, deny, sequence 5
Match clauses:
    ip address prefix-lists: AGGR
Set clauses:
Policy routing matches: 0 packets, 0 bytes
route-map R6_OUT, permit, sequence 10
Match clauses:
    ip route-source (access-lists): R5_LINK
Set clauses:
    ip next-hop 155.1.146.4
Policy routing matches: 0 packets, 0 bytes
route-map R6_OUT, permit, sequence 1000
Match clauses:
Set clauses:
Policy routing matches: 0 packets, 0 bytes
Any thoughts why this is happening?
Thanks in advance.

Hi John,
I did a small lab to test feature "match ip route-source" and it is working fine. Please check below config and output.
R4 does not have 172.16.16.0/24 and also routes for which next-hop is not 1.1.1.1. In case you still facing issue, please share output of "debug ip bgp updates out"
Topology
R1--ebgp--R3---ibgp---R4
R3#show ip b su | b Nei
Neighbor V AS MsgRcvd MsgSent TblVer InQ OutQ Up/Down State/PfxRcd
1.1.1.1 4 100 34 36 29 0 0 00:27:37 7
4.4.4.4 4 300 9 12 29 0 0 00:04:12 0
R3#
R3#sh route-map TO-R4
route-map TO-R4, deny, sequence 10
Match clauses:
ip address prefix-lists: DENY-PREFIX
Set clauses:
Policy routing matches: 0 packets, 0 bytes
route-map TO-R4, permit, sequence 20
Match clauses:
ip route-source (access-lists): 20
Set clauses:
Policy routing matches: 0 packets, 0 bytes
R3#
R3#show ip prefix-list DENY-PREFIX
ip prefix-list DENY-PREFIX: 1 entries
seq 5 permit 172.16.16.0/24
R3#
R3#sh ip access-lists 20
Standard IP access list 20
20 permit 1.1.1.1 (25 matches)
R3#
R3#show ip b
BGP table version is 29, local router ID is 3.3.3.3
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
* 172.16.8.0/22 1.1.1.1 0 0 100 i
*> 172.31.13.1 20 32768 i
*> 172.16.16.0/24 1.1.1.1 0 0 100 i
*> 172.16.17.0/24 1.1.1.1 0 0 100 i
*> 172.16.19.0/24 1.1.1.1 0 0 100 i
*> 172.16.20.0/22 1.1.1.1 0 0 100 i
* 172.16.24.0/30 1.1.1.1 0 0 100 i
*> 172.31.13.1 20 32768 i
*> 172.16.80.0/22 1.1.1.1 0 0 100 i
R3#
R4#show ip b
BGP table version is 53, local router ID is 4.4.4.4
Status codes: s suppressed, d damped, h history, * valid, > best, i - internal,
r RIB-failure, S Stale, m multipath, b backup-path, x best-external
Origin codes: i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Network Next Hop Metric LocPrf Weight Path
r>i172.16.17.0/24 1.1.1.1 0 100 0 100 i
r>i172.16.19.0/24 1.1.1.1 0 100 0 100 i
r>i172.16.20.0/22 1.1.1.1 0 100 0 100 i
*>i172.16.80.0/22 1.1.1.1 0 100 0 100 i
R4#
--Pls dont forget to rate helpful posts--
Regards,
Akash

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