Secure SQL*Net

I've been told that there's a way to secure the SQL*Net communication between client and server, yet I've been unable to find anything about this in OTN.
Has anyone had any success implementing this and if so, how is this configured?
TIA-
Matt

Oracle Advanced Security option provides the ability to encrypt communications between client and server via Oracle Net. Details can be found on OTN: http://technet.oracle.com/deploy/security/aso/content.html

Similar Messages

How to secure SQL*Net over firewall?

A client application is in an insecure network. It has to connect via SQL*Net to a database server in a DMZ behind a firewall. The client application uses a database user with read-only permissions.
What measures are available, to restrict the client permissions?
It shall not be possible to authenticate as DBA from the insecure client.
Any suggestions?
Regards,
D.

Depending on what it is you are trying to secure, you can use Oracle Advanced Security to encrypt all the traffic to and from the database, so no one can evesdrop on the traffic to the client machine. To get through the DMZ, you would probably need to install and configure Oracle Connection Manager. Some firewalls will proxy the Oracle connection through the firewall, as well.
Can you connect as sysdba from machines other than the database server today? I don't believe there is a way to restrict connections from a particular user to coming from a particular set of machines, though you can lock down a database so that only local connections can be made AS SYSDBA.
Justin
Distributed Database Consulting, Inc.
http://www.ddbcinc.com/askDDBC

SQL*Net Secure Protocol?

Anyone,
My security auditors are breathing down my back... Is SQL*Net considered a secure communication protocol?
Can someone with a Packet Sniffer siphen off my SQL*Net communications and obtain any data being transfered through it? Namely Passwords and DB connect paramateters, data is also a concern but less.
This is via an Internal Network not over the internet..
Thanks in advance,
Milller

yes.
you an encrypt sql*net communications within the network.
ASO provides different bult-in mechanisms.
you just add the following entries with appropriate values
and your sqlnet is encrypted.
SQLNET.ENCRYPTION_SERVER = <ACCEPTED, REJECTED, REQUESTED or REQUIRED>
SQLNET.ENCRYPTION_CLIENT = <ACCEPTED, REJECTED, REQUESTED or REQUIRED>
SQLNET.CRYPTO_SEED = <STRING>
only disadvantage is
in 8i your internal account will be locked!
so you cant use dbstart/dbshut scripts.
workaoround is to script the following in your dbstart/dbshut
1. move or rename sqlnet.ora to something.ora
2. proceed with dbstart/dbshut.
3. move or rename something.ora to sqlnet.ora

SQL Net Problem

I am trying to connect from an Oracle client 9i-V1 to an Oracle server 8i-V3 over the internet and through MS ISA Firwall , tnsping is working correctly and returing latency as between 250 and 330 M/Second.
When trying to connect using SQL+ I get ORA-12535 despite that I have adjusted the CONNECT_TIMEOUT on the listener and reloaded it , I have adjusted the parameter to 0 but still getting the error.
We are running Oracle Apps 11i from the same location using the same internet line and its working at a remarkable speed , also all the required ports are opened and secured on the firewall.
Could you advise something.

These two waits in your statspack report:
SQL*Net more data from dblink
SQL*Net message from dblink
refer to a database link. (A connection between this database and another database.)
http://download-east.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14237/waitevents003.htm#sthref4564
It looks like a lot if the time during that snapshot was consumed waiting for data over the database link.
It looks like that would be the place to look for improvements.
The SQL*Net more data to client wait was only a tiny percentage.

How to decipher SQL*Net protocols/packets?

hi,
we have a customer that sells compliance solutions that basically track and audit information at the packet level. in order to expand their customer base they would like to offer their solutions to customer that have business systems built on Oracle Forms 6.x and Pro*C. to do this they need to understand how our network communication works. is this something that is generally available? here are some details for what the partner wants from us ...
Their product intercepts the communication between a typical Db client and Db server at packet level, performs analysis on the packets and extracts the information required for SOX compliance. It's been successfully installed and working for various versions of Oracle servers and Clients, however it does not handle Oracle Forms and pro*C clients.
It also wrks for pro*c client except for bind variables and arrays.
We need information on packet formats during communication between Oracle database and Forms and pro*c clients. This will help our product to work for SOX compliance for the customers who have FORMS and pro*c clients without replacing them
I know that form Forms to DB its SQL*Net, not sure what the protocol is for PRO*C to DB communication but do we have documentation on both?

Assuming you are on Windows, you can download the client installable from
http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/oracle10g/10201/10201_client_win32.zip -- for Oracle 10g client
http://download.oracle.com/otn/nt/oracle11g/win32_11gR1_client.zip -- for Oracle 11g client
If you are looking for any other version, please mention the same.

How to find out the size of files transferred over the SQL * Net?

I am trying to test the Advanced Compress (AC) for 11g Data Guard. When the AC is turned on, the archived log files are supposed to be compressed on the primary database server and sent over SQL*Net, then decompressed on the standby db server. We will see the file sizes are the same on both primary and standby servers. I want to verify that the AC works by monitoring how much data are sent over SQL*Net. Per Oracle, AC uses 35% less of the bandwith. That means the size of the files transferred should be at least 65% of the original size.
Is there a way to find out the size through Oracle utilities? If not, how to find out by OS utilities? OS is Solaris 5.10.
Thanks.

I'm not sure this can be done via SQL*Net, but a network packet sniffer between the two servers should be able to help - you might want to contact your network team.
HTH
Srini

TRACING IN SQL*NET V2

제품 : SQL*NET
작성날짜 : 1997-10-10
Introduction
~~~~~~~~~~~~
For most problems you need to identify the relevant parts of a
connection to trace. To do this consider which scenario you are
having problems with and where tracing needs to be enabled.
Note that tracing produces a lot of output , especially at higher
trace levels.
There are 3 main areas of SQL*Net that can produce trace output:
1 = the SQL*Net 'client'
2 = the 'listener' process
3 = the SQL*Net 'server'.
a) Establishing a connection:
Client ----> Listener ----> Server
1 2 3
b) An established connection:
Client --------> Server
1 3
c) Opening a database link:
Client ----> Server ----> Listener -----> Server2
1 3 1 2 3
Note here that the Oracle server process is also a SQL*Net
client when it makes an outgoing call to a listener to
open a database link. Database links are OPENED when first
used. They should then remain open until closed.
d) An established database link:
Client ----> Server -----> Server2
1 3 1 3
In each case here there are several potential sampling points. You
should be able to identify quickly which of these scenarios matches
your setup. As these scenarios are likely to involve connections
between different machines you should remember that tracing for any
process is controlled by the configuration details that the process
reads WHEN IT IS STARTED. This is especially important when looking
at MTS connections as the SQL*Net server is the 'dispatcher' process.
Some dispatchers are started when the database instance is started
and others may start at a later time (on demand). Each dispatcher will
read their SQL*Net configuration WHEN THEY START.
7.2 Client Tracing
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
For client TOOLS edit or create the file $HOME/.sqlnet.ora and add
the lines:
trace_level_client=16
trace_file_client=cli
trace_directory_client=/tmp # Or a known directory
trace_unique_client=true # Add '_pid' to trace filename
This will turn on FULL tracing for your user account only producing
output in a file called /tmp/cli_<PID>.trc .
(For some SQL*Net versions the file will be just /tmp/cli.trc)
For client 'ORACLE' process (as in the case of database links) put this
same information into $TNS_ADMIN/sqlnet.ora file.
On versions up to and including Oracle 7.0.16 client trace may not
add a process ID to the name of the trace file. This means two
processes may end up writing to the same trace file unless you
take care to control which processes write trace output to each file.
7.3 Listener Tracing
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Listener tracing can ONLY be configured in the listener.ora file.
Add the lines below to the listener.ora file:
trace_level_listener=16
trace_file_listener=listener
trace_directory_listener=/tmp # Or a known directory
This will define FULL listener tracing to the file /tmp/listener.trc.
You can enable this tracing by either:
lsnrctl reload
OR
lsnrctl stop;
lsnrctl start;
TCP/IP
~~~~~~
It is often useful to confirm that a listener is listening on a
specified address. Most Unix machines include a command called
'netstat' (Often in /etc or in /usr/etc). The command netstat -a
should list all TCP/IP end points on which a listener is listening.
Eg:
For a listener listening on HOST=... PORT=1580 there should be a
netstat entry of the form:
RecvQ SendQ Local Address Foreign Address TCP state
0 0 *.1580 *.* LISTEN
Note: Some versions of netstat will only list established connections
and not listen end points. See the man page on your machine.
7.4 Server Tracing
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Server side trace is not required as often as the other two traces
mainly because most problems are related to establishing a connection.
Once a connection has been established the client and server processes
are communicating. It is sometimes useful to see exactly what SQL
commands have been received by the server, and what data it has sent
back out.
The file $TNS_ADMIN/sqlnet.ora controls the server side tracing. Add
the lines below to this file:
trace_level_server=16
trace_file_server=server
trace_directory_server=/tmp # Or a known directory
Output should be sent to the file /tmp/server_<PID>.trc
Note: Server side tracing acts on the SQL*Net server side.
For dedicated connections this is the Oracle process on the
server machine.
For MTS connections this is the DISPATCHER and NOT the shared
server. Data is passed between the dispatcher and the shared
servers via the SGA and this does NOT involve SQL*Net.
It is also important to note that as a dispatcher handles
several client processes the dispatcher trace output can be a
mix of trace from many client processes making it VERY difficult
to follow. The general advice for such problems is:
a) See if the problem reproduces WITHOUT using MTS - if
so the trace is much cleaner
b) If a problem ONLY reproduces under MTS ensure the machine
is in a controlled environment so you can be sure that only
YOUR process is using the dispatcher.
7.5 Trace Summary
~~~~~~~~~~~~~
1) Identify where you need to trace.
2) Identify which files on which machines control tracing at these
points. Tracing is controlled in the following files:
Client Server Listener
~~~~~~ ~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~
Files: $HOME/.sqlnet.ora sqlnet.ora listener.ora
sqlnet.ora
3) Add in the relevant trace parameters (See Below)
4) Restart any processes that need to read the new trace values.
Reload the listener as required.
5) Reproduce your problem
6) Save all your trace output immediately
7) Disable the tracing
7.6 Main Trace Parameters
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
trace_level_listener = off
trace_file_listener = Filename *1
trace_directory_listener = Directory *2
*1 Unquoted (") filenames will be translated into lower case.
*2 You CANNOT use environment variables in the Filename or Directory
name.
7.7 Diagnosing Trace output
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Trace output can be very difficult to follow. Before looking at a
trace file make sure:
a) You are familiar with the sequence of events in setting up
a connection. SQL*Net connections follow a sequence of
events - you will need to determin where in the sequence
the problem occurs.
b) Do not be misled by error reports in the trace files. You
must follow the context of the errors - an error may be
quite valid at that point in a sequence. Eg: For client
connections a list of addresses to call is built - if the
first address yeilds no response the next address is tried.
This next address may yeild a response and the 'true' error
occurs at this point in the sequence.
c) Do not be misled by unusual 'Bequeath' connections in the
trace. If an error is received over SQL*Net the client
may use a "Bequeath" operation to spawn an oracle process
which it then uses to get the TEXT of the error. A very short
exchange of packets occurs and the bequethed process exits.
The 'TRUE' problem is likely to be before this bequeath
operation.
Useful trace 'tags':
The following are useful items to follow in trace files - these
are not guaranteed to be valid across all SQL*Net releases and
are for guidance only. Entries are assumed to be taken at trace
level 16 to allow data packets to be seen. This will produce a
LOT of trace output.
-<ERROR>-
Error information follows. Remember the error may be acceptable
osntns: Calling address
Shows address list constructed for a call OUT to a listener
nricall: Making call with following address information: ...
Shows the ACTUAL address being called from the above list
nsopen: entry
We are about to try and open a connection.
nsopen: transport is open
nsopen: error exit
A connection to the called address has been made / failed.
nsclose: ...
An established connection is being closed - check nearby
for errors.
nscall: redirected
The client has been redirected to a differenct address.
The next step should be to call the new address. The address
should appear in an earlier data packet.
nspsend / nsprecv
Outgoung / Incoming data

This forum is for Oracle Migration Workbench issues, i.e. migration using the workbench from a non Oracle database to an Oracle database.
Here are some pointers that may be useful, but you may need to get more information elsewhere, for example Oracle Customer Support.
a Oracle 7.1 client (including your example) will connect to an Oracle 8.1.5 server.
Is the server correctly configured (can a client connect from another machine)?
Tracing can be turned on in the client, server and/or listener to get further information.
Turloch

Process wait SQL*Net message from dblink /SQL*Net message from client

Hi There,
We have an ETL process that we kindly need your help with. The process been running since Sun, where it transfers the data from one server (via remote query). The process was running ok till last night where it appeared
to have stopped working and/or the session is just idling doing nothing.
Here are some tests that we did to figure out what's going on:
1. when looking at the session IO, we noticed that it's not changing:
etl_user@datap> select sess_io.sid,
2         sess_io.block_gets,
3         sess_io.consistent_gets,
4         sess_io.physical_reads,
5         sess_io.block_changes,
6         sess_io.consistent_changes
7    from v$sess_io sess_io, v$session sesion
8   where sesion.sid = sess_io.sid
9     and sesion.username is not null
10     and sess_io.sid=301
11 order by 1;
                    logical   physical
SID BLOCK_GETS      reads      reads BLOCK_CHANGES CONSISTENT_CHANGES
301 388131317   97721268   26687579     223052804             161334
Elapsed: 00:00:00.012. Check there is nothing blocking the session
etl_user@datap> select * from v$lock where sid=301;
ADDR     KADDR           SID TY        ID1        ID2      LMODE    REQUEST      CTIME      BLOCK
684703F0 6847041C        301 DX         35          0          1          0      45237          0
684714C4 684714F0        301 AE     199675          0          4          0     260148          0
619651EC 6196521C        301 TM      52733          0          3          0      45241          0
67F86ACC 67F86B0C        301 TX     458763      52730          6          0      45241          03. Check if the session is still valid:
etl_user@datap> select status from v$session where sid=301;
STATUS
ACTIVE4. Check if there is anything in long ops that has not completed:
etl_user@datap> SELECT SID, SERIAL#, opname, SOFAR, TOTALWORK,
2      ROUND(SOFAR/TOTALWORK*100,2) COMPLETE, TIME_REMAINING/60
3      FROM   V$SESSION_LONGOPS
4      WHERE
5      TOTALWORK != 0
6      AND    SOFAR != TOTALWORK
7     order by 1;
no rows selected
Elapsed: 00:00:00.005. Check if there is anything in long ops for the session:
etl_user@datap> r
1* select SID,SOFAR,TOTALWORK,START_TIME,LAST_UPDATE_TIME,TIME_REMAINING,MESSAGE from V$SESSION_LONGOPS where sid=301
SID      SOFAR TOTALWORK START_TIM LAST_UPDA TIME_REMAINING MESSAGE
301          0          0 22-JUL-12 22-JUL-12                Gather Table's Index Statistics: Table address_etl : 0 out of 0 Indexes done
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00This is a bit odd!! This particular step have actually completed successfully on the 22nd of July, and we don't know why it's still showing in long opps!? any ideas?
6. Looking at the sql and what's it actually doing:
etl_user@datap> select a.sid, a.value session_cpu, c.physical_reads,
2 c.consistent_gets,d.event,
3 d.seconds_in_wait
4 from v$sesstat a,v$statname b, v$sess_io c, v$session_wait d
5 where a.sid= &p_sid_number
6 and b.name = 'CPU used by this session'
7 and a.statistic# = b.statistic#
8 and a.sid=c.sid
9 and a.sid=d.sid;
Enter value for p_sid_number: 301
old   5: where a.sid= &p_sid_number
new   5: where a.sid= 301
             CPU   physical    logical                                   seconds
SID       used      reads      reads EVENT                             waiting
301    1966595   26687579   97721268 SQL*Net message from dblink         45792
Elapsed: 00:00:00.037. We looked at the remote DB where the data resides on, and we noticed that the remote session was also waiting on the db link:
SYS@destp> select a.sid, a.value session_cpu, c.physical_reads,
2 c.consistent_gets,d.event,
3 d.seconds_in_wait
4 from v$sesstat a,v$statname b, v$sess_io c, v$session_wait d
5 where a.sid= &p_sid_number
6 and b.name = 'CPU used by this session'
7 and a.statistic# = b.statistic#
8 and a.sid=c.sid
9 and a.sid=d.sid;
Enter value for p_sid_number: 388
old   5: where a.sid= &p_sid_number
new   5: where a.sid= 390
       SID SESSION_CPU PHYSICAL_READS CONSISTENT_GETS EVENT                                                    SECONDS_IN_WAIT
       390         136              0            7605 SQL*Net message from client                                        46101
SYS@destp>We have had an issue in the past where the connection was being dropped by the network when the process runs for few days, hence we have added the following to the sqlnet.ora and listener.ora files:
sqlnet.ora:
SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME = 1
SQLNET.INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 6000
listener.ora:
INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_LISTENER = 6000What else can we do and/or further investigate to work out the root cause of the problem, and may be help resolve this. We don't want to just stop and start the process again as it took few days already. We have
had a chat to the infrastructure team and they've assured us that there have been no network outages.
Also, the alert logs for both instances (local and remote) shows no errors what so ever!
Your input is highly appreciated.
Thanks
Edited by: rsar001 on Jul 25, 2012 10:22 AM

Ran the query on both local/remote db, and no rows returned:
etl_user@datap> SELECT DECODE(request,0,'Holder: ','Waiter: ')||vl.sid sess, status,
2 id1, id2, lmode, request, vl.type
3 FROM V$LOCK vl, v$session vs
4 WHERE (id1, id2, vl.type) IN
5 (SELECT id1, id2, type FROM V$LOCK WHERE request>0)
6 and vl.sid = vs.sid
7 ORDER BY id1, request
8 /
no rows selected
Elapsed: 00:00:00.21

Oracle12c SQL*NET blocked by Windows 2008 firewall - what is the correct solution?

Hello,
I have a question with regards to the SQL*NET traffic being blocked by the Windows 2008 firewall. This document shows that disabling the firewall can resolve the problem:
https://support.oracle.com/epmos/faces/DocumentDisplay?_afrLoop=166773506396122&id=1472931.1&displayIndex=13&_afrWindowMode=0&_adf.ctrl-state=o4dq0hlih_112
Is this really the solution?
From what I understand from other documents is that just enabling port 1521 will not resolve any issues, as SQL*NET can use redirection to other random ports. That is probably the reason why the Oracle installation does not alter any firewall settings.
What other methods do people use to connect a client to a DB server?
This document shows what other methods to use, but who uses them?
https://support.oracle.com/epmos/faces/DocumentDisplay?_afrLoop=166043735580557&id=68652.1&_afrWindowMode=0&_adf.ctrl-state=o4dq0hlih_78
Does anyone use the Oracle Connection Manager for example?
Thanks
Richard

I configure firewall to allow DB Server to start new network connections

Sql*net patch version 2.3.2.1.12 down load

While I am migrating 7.3 database to 8i, system is asking for install sql net patch version 2.3.2.1.12. How can I get this patch. Is it possible to download.
Thanks/Rgds
Biju

I know that I should first download and apply the AD related patches separetly. But, what is the best practice for downloading the rest of them? How does an experienced Applications DBA handle this kind of situation? I was trying to use the Patching Wizard on OAM, but the request errored out stating that "****No codeline specified". Where do I specify this when I download a list of patches? I just pasted a comma separated list of 249 patches into the PatchList field on Download Patches page.Please see these docs.
'Analyze specific Patch' via Patchwizard is failing with java.lang.NullPointerException [ID 1066985.1]
Patch Wizard Utility [ID 976188.1]
Patch Wizard FAQ [ID 976688.1]
Patch Wizard : Overview [ID 1077813.1]
Thanks,
Hussein

How to connect to DB in repository assistant using SQL*net

Hi all,
We are in RAC enviroment. When I try to connecting to oracle DB in repository assistant (the page that asks for SYS account), I check the SQL*net, and enter the net service name (absolutly also enter the SYS and SYS psw field), but the 'next' button is grey out.
according to installation guide, in a RAC environment, do not type the host name, port number and oracle service name. But in my case, I have to enter all these fields to enable the 'next' button.
any idea of how to fix it?
thanks

I forget to say that I can connect to the repository browser using SQL*net. So I suppose that net service name is correct.
thanks for any suggestion.

How to drill down the cause of "SQL*Net message from/to client"

Pretty frustrated with my tune up using suggestions from many papers for Oracle 10g R2 on AIX 5.3 L system. My users told me that the system (including Baan 5c) still responds slowly in some processes, some even worsen.
Using both queries such as
SELECT sid, schemaname, status FROM gv$session ORDER BY 2;
SELECT inst_id, seq#, event, p1, p2, p3, wait_time FROM v$session_wait_history WHERE sid=<sid from above>
INST_ID SEQ# EVENT P1 P2 P3 WAIT_TIME
1 1 SQL*Net message from client 1413697536 1 0 6419
1 2 SQL*Net message to client 1413697536 1 0 0
and others similar, I found very large numbers (almost 97%) of the sessions have events as “SQL*Net message to client” and “SQL*Net message from client” on their wait_time even the sids are in inactive status. After checking the meaning of those messages in Oracle Performance and Tuning document, the document states that mainly they are probably network problems. So How can I drill down to what status of network from my client (the users) to server by Oracle or AIX? In Baan, it has its own parameter sets in its db_resource file controlling the connectivity. In average, there are 4000 “opened cursor current”, but most of them inactives.
So my colleague asked me rollback all th changes I did on OS level such as minperm%=5
maxperm%=90
maxclient%=90,
lgpg_regions lgpg_size,
sys0 maxuproc=512,
aio0 maxservers='260'
and many ioo parameters to system defaults.
I even removed the mulitplex copy of the redo log.
I tried to proof them that there maybe the problem of the Baan/Oracle connectivity, ie due to message above,

http://docs.oracle.com ... read them for configuration information.
http://tahiti.oracle.com ... read them for recommendations.
http://otn.oracle.com ... find the best practices docs.
http://metalink.oracle.com ... look for similar issues to yours.
People that change things, on production boxes, without first determining that metrics indicate they are a good idea, and then determining their impact on a test box, should be sold to zoos as leopard food.
PS: Slowly likely has absolutely nothing to do with anything you touched. First you tune the application. Then you tune the database. Then you tune the operating system. Get out of the way and make the DBAs do their job.

TCP/IP IN SQL*NET & SLIP / PPP

제품 : SQL*NET
작성날짜 : 1997-10-10
SLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)
SLIP 과 Ethernet 은 TCP/IP 을 구현하는 매체에 규정되어지는 두개의
PROTOCOL 입니다
SLIP은 serial/modem lines 에 사용되어지며, Ethernet은 Coaxial
cable 에 사용되어집니다
SQL*NET 에서는 이 두가지가 차이가 없으며, SQL*NET 은 이 두 가지를
단지 TCP/IP 로 볼 뿐입니다.
그림으로 보면 다음과 같읍니다
| SQL*Net |
| Tcp/ip |
-------------------+
| SLIP | Ether |
-------------------+
| Serial| Coax |
SLIP 대신에 PPP 를 사용하는 것은 serial TCP/IP 통신을 하는 새로운
방법입니다
이러한 방법은 SQL*NET 과는 직접적인 관련이 없으며, SQL*NET 은
Serial Line 을 통해 바로 접속이 됩니다.
따라서 Serial line (Modem)과 Ethernet (Lan card) 을 통한 접속은
TCP/IP 설정만 올바르게 되어있다면 SQL*NET 이상없이 접속할수
있으며 이상유무를 SQL*NET 에서 볼수는 없읍니다

When someone answers you, please forward the answer to my email. I am trying to connect to an Oracle db from Visual Basic, and need the component. I have downloaded software from this site, but it did not have the SQL Net.

Using blobs with SQL*Net 8

Hello,
Can someone please help me get oriented in the following:
Clients have Oracle Forms Developer 6i installed on 100 machines. This is from 1996 I think. It comes with SQL*Net 8.
They want a simple utility that uploads a file into a blob field on the remote database.
I already developed the utility thinking that they have Oracle 9i2 installed - so I used OCCI. This is not a possibility with the old technology they are actually using..
So what is the place to start?
Thank you!!
david

You can try with PRO-C

Oracle SQL*Net and TNS Protocol

I need to get technical documents on Oracle SQL*Net and TNS Proticol, down to the bit-level definition. I have talked to serveral people in Oracle Documentation, Sales and Tech Support, but no one could give me any clue so far. Any one can help me on this?

SQL*Net is installed by default with SQL*Plus and any of the clients (OEM uses the JDBC OCI driver and some native connectivity).
It is likely that the version of the client you have installed is not one that TOAD can work with or it can't find the client (is the Oracle home/bin directory in the path?)

Secure SQL*Net

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