Study Material on IS-AUTO ?

Hi,
Where can i get some study material and advantages of
IS-AUTO of SAP ?
regards,
madhu kiran

Hi madhu kiran
in the public Web for example: http://www.sap.com/industries/automotive/index.epx
regards,
Andreas R

Similar Messages

CIN Study material with t-codes

Sir plz send me a link from which i will get complite CIN study material with t-codes.

Hi,
CIN is Country Version India
A Country Version is designed specifically to cater the business operations of that country over and above the generic SAP system functionalities. It comprises of functionalities degined for the laws and business practices pertaining to the country.
Most of the country-specific functions for India relate to Financials and Logistics.
The main areas are as follows:
Excise duty and the central value-added tax system (CENVAT)
Withholding tax (also known as tax deducted at source)
Sales tax
Maintenance and printing of statutory excise registers
In Indian Taxing procedure, Excise Duty plays a vital role in manufacturing scenario's. Excise related configuration is known as CIN configuration. CIN Configuration is a topic in itself.
Here is some information on CIN Configuration. While it may not appear understandable as given below, it will be understood better when you check on screen.
Country Version India comes with four pricing procedures as follows:
JINFAC (Sales from manufacturing plants)
JINEXP (Export sales)
JINDEP (Sales from depots)
JINSTK (Stock transfers
CIN:
IMG > Logistics - General > Tax on Goods Movement > India > Basic Settings >
Maintain Excise Registrations
Use
In this IMG activity, you maintain the data relating to your excise registrations.
Activities
Enter each of your excise registrations, specifying a four-character code for each
Excise Registration IDs
In this activity, you maintain excise registration IDs. You create one ID for each of your business's excise registrations.
Activities
For each excise registration in your business create a registration ID and state:
Which taxes the registration covers (additional excise duty, special excise duty, and cess)Fields for any taxes that are not covered will be hidden in transactions involving excise duty.
The maximum number of items to be printed on each excise invoice
Whether you are allowed partial CENVAT credits
Maintain Registration ID NUMBER, Excise code number, excise registration number
Excise Registration Number
A number assigned to each premises or location that has registered as a manufacturer with the excise authorities.
Every entity with an excise registration number is required to keep its own excise books.
ECC Number
Specifies the organization's ECC number.
Excise Registration Number
A number assigned to each premises or location that has registered as a manufacturer with the excise authorities.
Every entity with an excise registration number is required to keep its own excise books.
Excise range: Specifies the excise range in whose area the excise registration is located.
Excise Division
Specifies the excise division in whose area the excise registration is located.
Excise Collectorate
The code of the excise collectorate in whose area the excise registration is located.
Indicator for confirming AED usage
Additional Excise Duty Percentage. These are leviable under the additional duties of excise act. These duties are in addition to basic excise duty and special excise duty.
Example
Additional Excise duty is leviable in case of textile products, tobacco and sugar.
Similarly for SED CESS
Number of Items in Excise Invoice
Shows the maximum number of line items that the authorities allow per excise invoice.
Dependencies
This information is used when you create an excise invoice in Sales and Distribution (SD) for factory sales and for other movements.
This information is used to split the transfer postings' items into multiple subcontracting challans.
Excise register set description
Description of the excise registers set.
Partial CENVAT Credit
Indicates that the excise registration ID is allowed to credit only a portion of its input excise duty to its CENVAT account.
Dependencies
When you post a goods receipt, the system splits the input excise duty on the material into its deductible and nondeductible amounts. It posts the deductible duty to the appropriate CENVAT account, and adds the nondeductible duty to the material value.
This information is also shown when you post the vendor's excise invoice.
Maintain Company Code Settings
Use
In this IMG activity, you maintain the data relating to your company codes.
Document Type for CENVAT Postings
It controls, which document type the system uses when making CENVAT postings in Financial Accounting (FI). Here ED is document type for cenvat posting.
Indicator for providing debit account overwriting
Debit Account Overwrite Indicator. X - Indicates debit accounts can be overwritten. Use In excise journal voucher transaction. It provides the flexibility to the user to enter the debit account of his choice depending on the nature of transaction.
Automatic balance Indicator
Excise year start month
The calendar month marking the beginning of the excise year
Use
This start month represents the month for the start of the excise invoice number range. The month 04 is entered here indicating April of the calendar year as the start month for excise invoices. Any change by the Excise authorities regarding start month should be taken care of by an entry in this field and initialization.
Excise invoice selection procedure
Excise invoice selection type. To indicate the method opted by the company for selecting the excise invoice. It can be either earliest or latest invoices that were received.
Number of excise invoices to be selected
Indicates the number of excise invoices that needs to be selected in the excise invoice selection.
Days to be considered for excise invoice selection
Number of days from document date for excise invoice selection.
Example
If the value of this field is 20 and today is 28-03-97. The excise
invoice selection will show the related invoices only for the
period 08-03-97 to 28-03-97.
Document type for TDS FI posting
Financial accounting document type for TDS posting.
Document type for FI posting on Utilisation
Financial accounting document type for TDS posting.
Indicator for item level excise duty round off
This indicator is to be used for deciding whether Item level excise duty amount rounding off is required during procurement cycle. If marked 'X' then the excise duty amount will be rounded off to the nearest rupee at the Purchase order level. This will not round off the CENVAT credit to be taken. If the duty amount is less than one rupee then no rounding is done
Rounding off of Excise duty for outgoing excise invoice
You can round off the Excise amount to be paid during an outgoing Excise invoice by marking this indicator as 'X'. The rounding is done at the item level for each item where the amount is greater than 1 Rupee.
Immediate Credit on Capital Goods
Instructs the system, when you verify a goods receipt for capital goods, to immediately post half of the input excise duty to the appropriate CENVAT accounts.
The rest is posted the CENVAT on hold account, for use in the following year.
CVD Clearing Account
Specifies which G/L account the system credits when you take a CENVAT credit on countervailing duty in the Incoming Excise Invoices transaction.
Exchange rate type
Key representing a type of exchange rate in the system.
Use
You enter the exchange rate type to store different exchange rates.
Example
You can use the exchange rate type to define a buying rate, selling rate, or average rate for translating foreign currency amounts. You can use the average rate for the currency translation, and the bank buying and selling rates for valuation of foreign currency amounts.
Exchange rate type to be used for Export excise duty converts
When you are creating an Excise invoice for export sales then the exchange rate for duty calculation will be picked up using this Exchange rate type.
Maintain Plant Settings
Use
In this IMG activity, you maintain excise information relating to your plants.
Plant Settings
In this activity, you maintain excise information relating to your plants.
Activities
For each plant:
? Specify whether it is a manufacturing site or a depot.
? Assign it an excise registration ID.
You can assign the same ID to more than one plant, if required.
Depot
Indicates that the plant in question is a depot.
Dependencies
Depots are required to prepare register RG 23D, and follow different procedures for goods receipt and invoice generation.
Number of goods receipt per excise invoice.
Multiple GR for one excise invoice, Single credit
Multiple GR for one excise invoice, Multiple credit
Maintain Excise Groups
Use
In this IMG activity, you define your excise groups. For each excise group, you can also control how various excise invoice transactions will work.
Excise Groups
In this activity, you define excise groups. An excise group allows you to maintain a separate set of excise registers and excise accounts. The RG 23A, RG 23C and PLA serial numbers are created for an excise group.
Recommendation
Under normal circumstances, excise authorities require every business to maintain only one set of excise registers and one set of accounts. But through exemption from the authorities, multiple books can be maintained.
If your company has only one set of excise registers, then you need to maintain only one excise group.
Activities
1. Create one excise group for each set of registers that you need to keep.
1. Assign the excise groups to plants.
2. Maintain whether this Excise group is for a depot or not.
3. If you receive only one consignment for an Excise challan then you can leave GR's per EI as blank. If you receive multiple GR's for a given Excise challan and would like to avail multiple credit mark the GRs per EI as 'Multiple GR's for one excise invoice, multiple credit'. Alternatively if you want to availa the credit only after all the goods receipts have been made mark it as ' Multiple GR for one excise invoice, single credit'.
4. If you want to automatically create Excise invoice during Sales cycle at the time of billing the tick the indicator 'Create EI'
5. During depot sales if you do not want to do RG23D selection and posting separately and would like to complete RG23D selection in one step mark the indicator 'RG23D Auto post'. This will post the selected records into RG23D automatically. You cannot cancel the selection later.
6. If the indicator 'Default GR qty' is marked system will default the Excise challan quantity on to the Goods receipt if the Excise invoice number is given in the pop-up.
7. If the indicator 'Folio no create' is marked system will generate Folio numbers for RG23D during receipt of excise invoice into depot.
8. 'Automatic posting' when ticked will post the Excise invoice other movements automatically along with creation in single step.
9. 'Create Part1 for Block Stock' when marked will create a Part1 during the receipt of material into Blocked stock .
10. 'Create Part1 for STO' when marked will create a Part1 during the receipt of material through inter plant transfers.
11. 'Create Part1 for consumption stock' when marked will create a Part1 during the receipt of material into consumption stock.
Excise Group
Governs which set of excise registers a business transaction will be included in.
Following is the relation between excise group, plant and registration.
Dependencies
In define excise groups in Customizing.
Then, in transactions involving excise duty, for example, when you post a vendor's excise invoice, you specify which excise group you are using. This information tells the system which G/L accounts to post the excise to.
At the end of the period, when you come to prepare your excise registers, you create different sets for each excise group.
Indicates that the plant in question is a depot.
Dependencies
Depots are required to prepare register RG 23D, and follow different procedures for goods receipt and invoice generation.
GR Per Excise Invoice
Multiple GR for one excise invoice , Multiple credit
Multiple GR for one excise invoice , Single Credit
Create Excise Invoice Automatically
Instructs the system to automatically create a Sales and Distribution (SD) excise invoice immediately you create a commercial invoice or a pro forma invoice.
The excise invoice is created in the background.
Dependencies
If you want to make use of this function, you must also define the default plant, excise group, and series groups in Customizing for Sales and Distribution (SD), by choosing Excise Group - Series Group Determination.
RG23D Sales Creation and posting option
RG23D Automatic Option if selected will create Depot excise invoice by posting the selection of excise invoices in single step.
If this is not selected then you need to separately do RG23D selection followed by PGI and then RG23D verification and posting.
If you need automatic posting of RG23D selection then the Post Goods Issue should have been completed before running RG23D selection.
Default excise qty in GR
If this indicator is ticked then while doing Goods Receipt using 'MB01' system will default the excise invoice quantity on to the Goods receipt document.
Folio number for depo
Posting
If this indicator is marked then while creating Excise invoice for other movements system automatically does the Verify and Post. You need not separately Post the excise invoice
Also we can set indicator for creation of part 1 for:
Blocked stock
Stock transport order
Consignment stock
Maintain Series Groups
Use
In this IMG activity, you define the different excise series groups within your company. Series groups allow you to maintain multiple number ranges for the outgoing excise documents.
Based on excise regulations and exemptions from the authorities you can maintain multiple number series for outgoing documents. But each of these series has to be declared to the excise authorities.
Activities
? Define excise series groups based on type of outgoing document
? Assign series group to excise registration ID
? If no financial postings are required for an Excise invoice in this seris group then you tick the 'No utilization' indicator.
? If the CENVAT has to be paid immediately and you need not wait for the Fort nightly payment then mark the 'Immediate Utilization' indicator.
Example
You could define two series groups, group 001 for excise invoices, and group 002 for 57 F4 documents.
No account postings for CENVAT in sales cycle
No utilization Flag
If you do not need any CENVAT utilization for an excise invoice but would like to just generate an excise invoice then you need to mark this indicator.
IF the flag is checked then system will create an Excise invoice in the given Series group but there will not be any account postings or Part2 postings.
Immediate Utilization of CENVAT
Specifies that when you create an excise invoice, the system immediately pays the amount from CENVAT and creates the Part II entry. Such invoices will not be listed for fortnightly utilization.
If you have both fortnightly and immediate utilization for the same excise group, the account determination within CIN IMG should point to the ED interim account.
Account determination for immediate payment will be done exactly the same as being done for fortnightly utilization program.
Maintain Excise Duty Indicators
Use
In this IMG activity, you maintain the excise duty indicators.
IMG > Logistics - General > Tax On Goods Movement > India > Basic Settings > Determination of Excise Duty >
Select Tax Calculation Procedure
Use
In this IMG activity, you specify which tax procedure you want to use for determining excise duties and sales taxes on input materials in India.
? If you use condition-based excise determination, use a copy of the tax procedure TAXINN.
? If you use formula-based excise determination, use a copy of the tax procedure TAXINJ.
This tax procedure also supports condition-based excise determination, so that you can work with both concurrently.
We strongly recommend that new customers use condition-based excise determination. Note that once you have started using a tax procedure, you cannot switch to another one, otherwise you will not be able to display old documents.
Maintain Excise Defaults
Use
In this IMG activity, you define which tax procedure and pricing condition types are used in calculating excise taxes using formula-based excise determination.
Activities
If you use condition-based excise determination, fill out the CVD cond. field and leave all the others blank.
If you use formula-based excise determination, fill out all of the fields as follows:
? Enter the tax procedure and the pricing conditions that are relevant for excise tax processing.
? Specify the purchasing and sales conditions types used for basic excise duty, additional excise duty, special excise duty, and cess.
? Specify the conditions in the sales order that are used for excise rates.
? Specify the countervailing duty condition type used for import purchase orders.
See also
SAP Library -> Logistics -> Country Versions -> Asia-Pacific -> India -> Materials Management (MM) -> Condition-Based Excise Determination and -> Formula-Based Excise Determination.
IMG > Logistics - General > Tax On Goods Movement > India > Basic Settings > Determination of Excise Duty >
Condition-Based Excise Determination
Use
When you enter a purchasing document, for example, a purchase order, the R/3 System automatically calculates the applicable excise duties using the condition technique.
Features
The standard system comes with two tax calculation procedures. TAXINN is only supports condition-based excise determination, whereas TAXINJ supports condition-based excise determination and formula-based excise determination. Both tax procedures contain condition types that cover all of the excise duties and sales taxes applicable.
Since the exact rates of excise duty can vary on a large number of factors, such as which vendor you purchase a material from, or which chapter ID the vendor stocks the material under, you create condition records for every sort of excise duty.
When you come to enter a purchasing document, the system applies the excise duty at the rates you have entered in the condition records.
Activities
Customizing
Make the settings in Customizing Basic? India?for Logistics - General, by choosing Taxes on Goods Movements Account? Excise Duties Using Condition Technique and ...?Settings Determination.
These activities include one activity where you define a tax code for condition-based excise determination.
Master Data
Create condition records for all excise duties that apply, and enter the tax code for condition-based excise determination in each.
Day-to-Day Activities
When you enter a purchase order or other purchasing document, enter the tax code for condition-based excise determination in each line item. The system then calculates the excise duties using the condition records you have created.
When the ordered materials arrive, you post the goods receipt and the excise invoice. The system posts the excise duty to the appropriate accounts for deductible input taxes when you enter the excise invoice.
Creating Condition Records for Excise Duty
1. In the command field, enter FV11 and choose .
2. Enter the condition type that you want to create a condition record for and choose .
The Key Combination dialog box appears.
3. Select the combination of objects that you want to create the condition record for.
On the dialog box, Control Code means "chapter ID."
So, for example, to create a condition record for a tax that applies to a combination of country, plant, and chapter ID, select Country/Plant/Control Code.
4. Choose .
5. Enter data as required.
In the Tax Code field, enter the dummy tax code that you have defined.
6. Save the condition record.
Formula-Based Excise Determination
Use
When you execute a business transaction involving materials that are subject to excise duty, the system automatically calculates the duty for you.
Prerequisites
In order for the system to be able to determine which rate of excise duty to apply, you must have maintained all the data on the Excise Rate Maintenance screen, which you can Master Data?access from the SAP Easy Access screen by choosing Indirect Taxes Excise Rate Maintenance.?
You maintain the following types of data:
? Plant master data
You assign each of your plants an excise duty indicator. You can use the same indicator for all the plants with the same excise status from a legal point of view, such as all those that are in an exempt zone.
See also the information about manufacturers that are only entitled to deduct a certain portion of the duty (see Partial CENVAT Credit).
? Vendor master data
For each of your vendors with the same excise status from a legal perspective, you define an excise duty indicator. You must also specify the vendor type - for example, whether the vendor is a manufacturer, a depot, or a first-stage dealer. You must also stipulate if the vendor qualifies as a small-scale industry.
For each permutation of plant indicator and vendor indicator, you then create a final excise duty indicator.
? Customer master data
Similarly, you assign the same excise duty indicator to each of your customers that share the same legal excise status.
Again, for each permutation of plant indicator and customer indicator, you then create a final excise duty indicator.
? Material master data
Each material is assigned a chapter ID.
? Excise tax rate
For every chapter ID and final excise duty indicator, you maintain the rate of excise duty.
If your business only qualifies for partial CENVAT credit, you must customize your system accordingly.
Activities
Let us consider an example to illustrate how the system determines which rate of excise duty to apply to a material. Assume you are posting a sale of ball bearings to a customer. The system automatically determines the rate of excise duty as follows:
1. Looks up the customer master data to see what status you have assigned the customer.
Let's assume you've assigned the customer status 3.
2. Looks up the plant master data to see what status you have assigned the plant.
Similarly, your plant has status 2.
3. The system looks up the table under Excise Indicator for Plant and Customer to see what the final excise duty indictor is for customer status 3 and plant status 2: It is 7.
4. The system determines the chapter ID of the ball bearing for the plant.
Let's assume the chapter ID at plant for the ball bearings is 1000.01.
5. Finally, the system looks up the table under Excise Tax Rate to see what rate of duty applies to chapter ID 1000.01 under status 7.
Define Tax Code for Purchasing Documents
Use : In this IMG activity, you define a tax code for the purposes of calculating excise duty when you enter purchasing documents.
Only carry out this activity if you use condition-based excise determination.
Activities: Create a new tax code, and set the tax code type to V (input tax). Do not make any other settings for it.
Assign Tax Code to Company Codes
Use
In this IMG activity, assign the tax code for purchasing documents to the company codes where it will be used.
Only carry out this activity if you use condition-based excise determination.
Classify Condition Types
Use
In this IMG activity, you specify which condition types you use for which sort of tax. Note that this only applies to condition types that you use with the new excise determination method.
The system uses this information when you create a document from another one. For example, when you enter an incoming excise invoice from a purchase order, or when you create an outgoing excise invoice from a sales order, the system determines the various excise duties in the excise invoice using the information that you have entered here.
In addition, when you create a purchasing document, the system only uses the condition types that you enter here.
? For taxes on purchases, use the condition types contained in the tax procedure.
? For taxes on sales, use the condition types contained in the pricing procedures.
Standard settings
The standard system comes with sample settings for the tax calculation procedures and pricing procedures.
Use these settings as a basis for your own.
IMG > Logistics - General > Tax On Goods Movement > India > Account Determination
Define G/L Accounts for Taxes
Use
In this IMG activity, you specify which G/L accounts you will use to record which taxes.
Requirements
You have set up G/L accounts for each of the processing keys listed below.
Activities
Assign an account to each of the following posting keys. The accounts for VS1, VS2, and VS3 are used as clearing accounts during excise invoice verification.
? VS1 (basic excise duty)
? VS2 (additional excise duty)
? VS3 (special excise duty)
? VS5 (sales tax setoff)
? MWS (central sales tax)
? MW3 (local sales tax)
? ESA (service tax)
? ESE (service tax expense)
Specify Excise Accounts per Excise Transaction
Use
In this IMG activity, you specify which excise accounts (for excise duty and CENVAT) are to be posted to for the various transaction types. Enter all the accounts that are affected by each transaction type.
If you use subtransaction types, enter the accounts for each subtransaction type as well.
Activities
Transaction type UTLZ is used for determining accounts only while posting excise JVs and also if the payment of excise duty has to be done fortnightly.
The fortnightly CENVAT payment utility picks up the credit side accounts from the transaction types of GRPO, EWPO, and TR6C for determining the CENVAT and PLA accounts. There is no separate transaction type for fortnightly payment.
Example
Excise TT DC ind Account name
GRPO CR CENVAT clearing account
GRPO CR RG 23 BED account
GRPO DR CENVAT on hld account
Specify G/L Accounts per Excise Transaction
Use
In this IMG activity, you assign the excise and CENVAT accounts to G/L accounts.
When you come to execute the various transactions, the system determines which G/L accounts to post to by looking at the:
? Excise group
? Company code
? Chart of accounts
Furthermore, if you want separate account determination settings within an excise group, you can also use sub transaction types.
Requirements
You have already:
? Defined the G/L accounts
? Defined the excise groups
? Maintained the transaction accounts
Activities
For each excise group, assign the excise and CENVAT accounts to G/L accounts. For most businesses, one set of accounts will suffice for alltransactions.
Note
You need not remit the CENVAT to the excise department immediately, so maintain the credit account for transaction type DLFC as an excise duty interim account. This will be set off when you remit the duty.
Config setting needed to be done in order to get the Excise Details Screen in Material Master.
Even though this functionality is available in enterprise version, a small config step has to be made in Screen Sequences for Material Master.
Following document helps you to do this configuration.
? Material Master ? Logistics General ?1. Go to IMG Define Structure of Data Screen for each?Configuring the Material master Screen Sequence.
2. Select your screen sequence. Usually it would be 21. Select the same and click on Data Screen in the left frame.
3. Once the data screens are exhibited, select data screen no. 15, ie. SSq. 21and Scrn 15, which is "Foreign Trade: Import Data". Select the same and click on Subscreens in the left frame.
4. Go to the last sub screen i.e. 21-15-6 - SAPLMGD1- 0001 and select the same. Click on tab view subscreen and ensure that the subscreen is blank.
5. Now in the last sub screen i.e. no.6 you delete SAPLMGD1 - 0001 and instead add SAPLJ1I_MATERIAL_MASTER and in the screen no. 2205.
6. Save the setting.
7. Create a Material Master and check whether in Screen Foreign Trade - Import, Excise related subscreen appears.
Back to ERP Operation Home.
Transaction Codes for India
Transaction
Action
J1I2
Prepare a sales tax register
J1I3
Create outgoing excise invoices in batches
J1I5
Update the RG 1 and Part I registers
J1IEX
Incoming Excise Invoices (central transaction)
J1IEX_C
Capture an incoming excise invoice (excise clerk)
J1IEX_P
Post an incoming excise invoice (excise supervisor)
J1IF01
Create a subcontracting challan
J1IF11
Change a subcontracting challan
J1IF12
Display a subcontracting challan
J1IF13
Complete, reverse, or recredit a subcontracting challan
J1IFQ
Reconcile quantities for subcontracting challans
J1IFR
List subcontracting challans
J1IH
Make a CENVAT adjustment posting
J1IIN
Create an outgoing excise invoice
J1IJ
Assign excise invoices to a delivery for sales from depots
J1INJV
Adjust withholding tax Item
J1INREP
Reprint a withholding tax certificate for a vendor
J1IQ
Year-End Income Tax Depreciation Report
J1IR
Download register data
J1IS
Process an excise invoice (outgoing) for other movements
J1IU
Process exemption forms
J1IW
Verify and post an incoming excise invoice
J1IX
Create an incoming excise invoice (without reference to purchase order)
J2I8
Transfer excise duty to CENVAT account
J2IU
Remit excise duty fortnightly
J2I9
Monthly CENVAT return
J1IG
Excise invoice entry at depot
J1IGA
Create additional excise entry at depot
J2I5
Extract data for excise registers
J2I6
Print excise registers
Hope this will help.
Rewad Point if helpful.
thanks,
Raja

Study material for certification

is the study material for certification available online free of cost????????
if yes then plz specify the link.........

there is no "the study material for certification", so it can't be available "free of cost".

XI study material needed

Hi Everyone,
I'm an abaper and now I would really like to learn XI.
can anyone tell me where can I find good study material for beginners like me. I need some tutorials that explains everything from scratch.
thanks in advance.
Pooja.

Hi Pooja,
Maybe this is a good start:
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/80/8e3841e26cef23e10000000a155106/frameset.htm
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/developerareas/xi?rid=/webcontent/uuid/a680445e-0501-0010-1c94-a8c4a60619f8 [original link is broken]
This might help you
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/14/80243b4a66ae0ce10000000a11402f/frameset.htm
Further, this thread deals with everything that is needed for a starter on XI. Do check them out,
JDBC Receiver: exact SQL statement
/message/527697#527697 [original link is broken]
And after you are done with the documentation probably you can go through this scenario,
JDBC Receiver: exact SQL statement
Also check the following threads which might help you a little more,
Learning XI
XI 3.0 Training
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/13926f23-0a01-0010-149c-c1170e7a25db
/people/sravya.talanki2/blog/2006/12/25/aspirant-to-learn-sap-xiyou-won-the-jackpot-if-you-read-this-part-i
/people/sravya.talanki2/blog/2006/12/26/aspirant-to-learn-sap-xiyou-won-the-jackpot-if-you-read-this-part-ii
/people/sravya.talanki2/blog/2006/12/27/aspirant-to-learn-sap-xiyou-won-the-jackpot-if-you-read-this-part-iii
and once you are through ...follow the following links to weblogs which explain all the basic scenarios in XI
Following are the links to weblogs which will help to develop the basic scenarios.
/people/prateek.shah/blog/2005/06/08/introduction-to-idoc-xi-file-scenario-and-complete-walk-through-for-starters - IDoc to File
/people/ravikumar.allampallam/blog/2005/03/14/abap-proxies-in-xiclient-proxy - ABAP Proxy to File
/people/sap.user72/blog/2005/06/01/file-to-jdbc-adapter-using-sap-xi-30 - File to JDBC
/people/prateek.shah/blog/2005/06/14/file-to-r3-via-abap-proxy - File to ABAP Proxy
/people/venkat.donela/blog/2005/03/02/introduction-to-simplefile-xi-filescenario-and-complete-walk-through-for-starterspart1 - File to File Part 1
/people/venkat.donela/blog/2005/03/03/introduction-to-simple-file-xi-filescenario-and-complete-walk-through-for-starterspart2 - File to File Part 2
/people/ravikumar.allampallam/blog/2005/06/24/convert-any-flat-file-to-any-idoc-java-mapping - Any flat file to any Idoc
/people/arpit.seth/blog/2005/06/27/rfc-scenario-using-bpm--starter-kit - File to RFC
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/weblogs?blog=/pub/wlg/1685 [original link is broken] [original link is broken] [original link is broken] - File to Mail
/people/jayakrishnan.nair/blog/2005/06/20/dynamic-file-name-using-xi-30-sp12-part--i - Dynamic File Name Part 1
/people/jayakrishnan.nair/blog/2005/06/28/dynamic-file-namexslt-mapping-with-java-enhancement-using-xi-30-sp12-part-ii - Dynamic File Name Part 2
/people/michal.krawczyk2/blog/2005/03/07/mail-adapter-xi--how-to-implement-dynamic-mail-address - Dynamic Mail Address
/people/siva.maranani/blog/2005/05/25/understanding-message-flow-in-xi - Message Flow in XI
/people/krishna.moorthyp/blog/2005/06/09/walkthrough-with-bpm - Walk through BPM
/people/siva.maranani/blog/2005/05/22/schedule-your-bpm - Schedule BPM
/people/sriram.vasudevan3/blog/2005/01/11/demonstrating-use-of-synchronous-asynchronous-bridge-to-integrate-synchronous-and-asynchronous-systems-using-ccbpm-in-sap-xi - Use of Synch - Asynch bridge in ccBPM
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/weblogs?blog=/pub/wlg/1403 [original link is broken] [original link is broken] [original link is broken] - Use of Synch - Asynch bridge in ccBPM
/people/michal.krawczyk2/blog/2005/08/22/xi-maintain-rfc-destinations-centrally - Maintain RFC destination centrally
/people/sravya.talanki2/blog/2005/08/18/triggering-e-mails-to-shared-folders-of-sap-is-u - Triggering Email from folder
/people/sravya.talanki2/blog/2005/08/17/outbound-idocs--work-around-using-party - Handling different partners for IDoc
/people/siva.maranani/blog/2005/08/27/modeling-integration-scenario146s-in-xi - Modeling Integration Scenario in XI
/people/michal.krawczyk2/blog/2005/08/25/xi-sending-a-message-without-the-use-of-an-adapter-not-possible - Testing of integration process
/people/michal.krawczyk2/blog/2005/05/25/xi-how-to-add-authorizations-to-repository-objects - Authorization in XI
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/58/d22940cbf2195de10000000a1550b0/content.htm - Authorization in XI
/people/michal.krawczyk2/blog/2005/09/09/xi-alerts--step-by-step - Alert Configuration
/people/michal.krawczyk2/blog/2005/09/09/xi-alerts--troubleshooting-guide - Trouble shoot alert config
/people/sameer.shadab/blog/2005/09/21/executing-unix-shell-script-using-operating-system-command-in-xi - Call UNIX Shell Script
/people/sravya.talanki2/blog/2005/11/02/overview-of-transition-from-dev-to-qa-in-xi - Transport in XI
/people/r.eijpe/blog/2005/11/04/using-abap-xslt-extensions-for-xi-mapping - Using ABAP XSLT Extensions for XI Mapping
/people/prasad.ulagappan2/blog/2005/06/07/mail-adapter-scenarios-150-sap-exchange-infrastructure - Mail Adaptor options
/people/pooja.pandey/blog/2005/07/27/idocs-multiple-types-collection-in-bpm - Collection of IDoc to Single File
/people/sap.user72/blog/2005/11/17/xi-controlling-access-to-sensitive-interfaces - Controlling access to Sensitive Interfaces
/people/michal.krawczyk2/blog/2005/11/10/xi-the-same-filename-from-a-sender-to-a-receiver-file-adapter--sp14 - The same filename from a sender to a receiver file adapter - SP14
/people/prasad.illapani/blog/2005/11/14/payload-based-message-search-in-xi30-using-trex-engine - Payload Based Message Search in XI30 using Trex Engine /people/sap.user72/blog/2005/11/24/xi-configuring-ccms-monitoring-for-xi-part-i - XI : Configuring CCMS Monitoring for XI- Part I
/people/michal.krawczyk2/blog/2005/11/23/xi-html-e-mails-from-the-receiver-mail-adapter - XI: HTML e-mails from the receiver mail adapter
/people/sap.user72/blog/2005/11/22/xi-faqs-provided-by-sap-updated - XI : FAQ's Provided by SAP
Happy Learning
Regards,
Divya

Product costing configuration material and study material

Hi all,
Can any one pass me the Product costing configuration material and study material email id is [email protected]
thanks in advance
Regards
vijay
Edited by: vijay matlani on May 11, 2008 11:17 AM

hi
Product costing documentation
http://www.sap-topjobs.com/SpecialPP/746.html
nagesh

HI,need some study material regarding reports

Hi experts,
Can any one send me study material on classical and interactive reports in PDF format. I also want details about the function modules which we use in while creating reports. I have material which is in saphelp. But it is very much extensive. I need something which is easy to read.Hope u will help me in this regard.
Thanks in advance.
surya.

Reports
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/reports.htm
http://www.allsaplinks.com/material.html
http://www.sapdevelopment.co.uk/reporting/reportinghome.htm
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=58286
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=76490
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=20591
http://www.sapfans.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=66305 - this one discusses which way should you use - ABAP Objects calls or simple function modules.

Hyperion Certification study material

Hi,
I want to take the Hyperion 9.3 developer certification and want to know where I can get the study material.
Any links on this will be greatly appreciated.
Thanks

I'll guess you have to go to a test center. When I took the certifications, I had to give two forms of ID, empty my pockets of everything I had and sign away my first born before I was allowed to take the test. They really wanted to be sure there was no cheating.

Oracle certification study material

Want to prepare for certification for oracle implementor specialist : GL Exam code 1Z0-516.Please would confirm where will I get study material to preapre for this certification

Hi,
This is the official forum of Oracle, and I dont think any one would help you to get a copy of the Official study material.
Any how you can refer the following doc from Oracle Library for General Ledger:
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B34956_01/current/acrobat/120glig.pdf
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B34956_01/current/acrobat/120glrg.pdf
Hope this helps
Regards,

Certification & study material for flash

hello friends,
can anybody guide me regarding :-
1) how can i schedule a test for flash ?
2) where to get reliable study material?
3) what is the number of test (from foundation to expert) required to clear for industry level grade
Any information,advice, suggestion will be appreciated

Hi,
You can schedule a Adobe Flash Certification test by click on the below link
http://www.pearsonvue.com/
Visit the above site, find your nearest test location and schedule your test.
The following resources may also help you prepare for your ACE exam:
• Good working experience in using the Flash IDE
• Adobe product user guides
• Adobe Press books
• Adobe online training at
http://www.lynda.com/home/DisplayCourse.aspx?lpk2=660
http://www.adobe.elementk.com/
• Tutorials and materials from Total Training, at www.totaltraining.com
• Other training resources online at www.adobe.com/support/training.html
• Take practice test before giving the exam
Best of luck !!

Dynamic Forms - Study Material

Hi,
We have to start working on dynamic forms. Currently I've started looking into the Help of Designer 7.0. But is there any good relevant study material for Creating dynamic forms.
Thanks,
-Jiya.

There are a few tutorials and lessons that come with Designer Helps.
You can go to Designer 'Help' menu and click on 'Getting Started'.
You can also find the XML Form Object Model scripting guide from the link below. It provides detailed information about the different objects in each of those models, and their associated properties
and methods.
http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/en/xml/Adobe_XML_Form_Object_Model_Reference.pd f
Additional resources (tips and tricks...) can be found at http://partners.adobe.com/public/developer/livecycle/designer/devcenter.html
Also, this user-to-user forum is also a very helpful source when it comes to issues or problems while you are designing your form.

Regarding link of authorisation study material or books available online

Hi gurus,
Can anyone have the links or sites regarding authorisations study materials or books available on net?
Thanx in advance
Rgd
Maddy

there is no "the study material for certification", so it can't be available "free of cost".

Study material - IDOC and ALE systems ( MM integration ).

Dear All,
Can anyone provide me study material on MM integration with IDOC and ALE systems .
Rohan .

Please check these answered links:
ALE , EDI and IDOC with MM??
What is necessary for MM in IDOC and ALE??
idoc configuration in IDES??
Edited by: Afshad Irani on Jul 6, 2010 9:39 AM

I want full study material of Product costing

HI
gurus
plz send me P.Costing full study material.
Thank you

Hi Vani,
REGIO->
Region (State, Province, County)
Definition
In some countries, the region forms part of the address. The meaning depends on the country.
The automatic address formatting function prints the region in addresses in the USA, Canada, Italy, Brazil or Australia, and the county in Great Britain.
For more information, see the examples in the documentation on the Address Layout Key.
Examples
Meaning of the regional code in ...
Australia       -> Province
Brazil          -> State
Canada          -> Province
Germany         -> State
Great Britain   -> County
Italy           -> Province
Japan           -> Prefecture
Switzerland     -> Canton
USA             -> State
OPEN se11 and open the table kna1 and open the data element regio. then click on documentation button on top rigth for more info.
regards,
kartik

Performance tuning 1Z0-054 Study material

I was trying to find LEGITIMATE study material out there for the perf tuning certification but all I can see is that all too familiar sea of braindump copycat sites.
I want a legitimate source like Transcenders but unfortunately they don't have 1Z0-054 study guides. The self study oracle sells is a bit of a rip off, no offense. I am just a regular joe trying to get a certification and im not about to shell out $1600 for a crappy guide that wont prepare me ( like the oracle ones). The transcenders are reasonably priced but as I said before they dont have one for this test.
http://www.transcender.com/certprep/oracle/11g-dba.kap
Cheers!

Javier wrote:
I was trying to find LEGITIMATE study material out there for the perf tuning certification but all I can see is that all too familiar sea of braindump copycat sites.
I want a legitimate source like Transcenders but unfortunately they don't have 1Z0-054 study guides. The self study oracle sells is a bit of a rip off, no offense. I am just a regular joe trying to get a certification and im not about to shell out $1600 for a crappy guide that wont prepare me ( like the oracle ones). The transcenders are reasonably priced but as I said before they dont have one for this test.
http://www.transcender.com/certprep/oracle/11g-dba.kap
Cheers!With 1z0-054 you are into a heavyweight SQL Expert Exam.
... That really means your study plan needs to revolve arround seeing what the topic is, looking up the the relevant oracle online documentation, making nides, trying it out, then searching other sources such as forums and OTN articles, Oracle Magazine various perfromance tuning books.
Thats a whole wealth of study material! But it does take a lot of time and effort to sor through, and a directed study guide obviously would speed the process. But it is perfectly possille to slog it through those resources I've mentioned.
....... At the end of all that practice tests are useful to see where one it at .... but it is possible to go the longer way round!

Study material on ALE and IDOCS

Hi
If anyone has some study material on ALE and IDOCS ,if you can please send it across to me , it would be very helpful to me .
My mail id is : [email protected]
Thanks in advance
Ankit

1. What is ALE?
Application Link Enabling (ALE) is a set of business processes and tools that allow applications on different computer systems to be linked. This can be done between different SAP systems as well as between SAP and non-SAP systems.
In a single SAP system different applications are integrated via a single database (e.g. finance, sales, production, human resources). However, many companies do not have just one integrated system but a distributed environment with different applications running on different systems. To run the whole business in such an environment the distributed applications have to be linked. This can be done through Application Link Enabling (ALE).
ALE provides distributed business processes that can be used to link the applications on different platforms. There are some ALE business processes delivered in the standard SAP system. Furthermore, there are tools that can be used to change the existing ALE business processes or to implement new distributed business processes.
Besides the business processes there are special ALE services that are required to set up and control a distributed environment. These services include a distribution model, business object synchronization and tools for monitoring or error handling.
ALE is a major part of SAP's Business Framework Architecture. Besides the basis middleware, that provides the communication between components, and the interfaces (BAPIs), ALE business processes and ALE services enable the cooperation of the single components within the framework. That makes ALE the glue of the Business Framework.
2. What are the benefits of ALE?
With ALE companies get the opportunity to improve business performance and to solve organizational or technical issues.
Through distribution you can decentralize your business, enabling local units to operate independently from each other. This flexibility enables the local units to return better business results than in a centralized environment. They have the necessary flexibility to optimize business processes in different organizational units and can ensure that information systems can handle the speed of change in rapidly expanding markets. Distribution allows a high level of freedom, provided that this level of freedom has been clearly defined.
On the other hand, some companies, that already have a distributed organization with different computer systems in the local units, have the opportunity to link their units through ALE business processes. This enables them for example to provide a 'one face to the customer' approach. Another area that can benefit through ALE are virtual organizations (partnerships between independent companies, joint ventures and mergers and acquisitions).
Of course, in many cases an integrated solution based on a single system is not possible at all. Some applications used by a company can not run on the same computer system. This includes legacy systems or complementary software. It may also be possible that a company uses different SAP industry solutions or specific country solutions, which do not run on the same SAP System. If these applications run on different systems they can not be linked by a central database but have to use a special integration mechanism like ALE. In this way ALE also links SAP Core Systems to other SAP components like CRM, Business Information Warehouse or APO.
Besides the benefits of having an improved flexibility in setting up the whole business processes, ALE may also reduce costs, in particular costs of upgrading. If the whole business is run on one integrated system you have to upgrade the whole system, even if only one part of your company (e.g. human resources) requires an update. So the entire company is affected by the upgrade project and all users have to be trained for the new release. Within a distributed environment with release independent interfaces, like those provided by ALE, you can focus the upgrade project on that part of the company that has to be upgraded. The other parts of the company are not involved and need no training. This can save a lot of money. Furthermore, existing investments are protected.
Another cost factor for distribution might be communication costs. For an overseas connection it can be more expensive to provide online access to one central system (T1) than to connect distributed systems to each other (64K line).
There might also be some technical reasons for distributed systems. If some parts of the business have special requirements for security of data access (e.g. human resources), this can be set up much safer on a standalone system, which is, however, linked to other parts of the company through distributed business processes. A similar example is high availability. High availability is usually required by the operations part of the company (production, logistics) but not by other areas (e.g. financials, human resources). In a distributed environment high availability can be set up for specific parts of the environment instead of for the whole business. This can also reduce costs.
In a distributed environment you can not decrease the overall workload of the systems but you can separate the user workloads on different systems. Through this scalability you can improve performance. Another benefit of distributed systems is that if a technical failure occurs on one system, all other systems continue to operate. Only a small part of the business is disrupted by the error. On one central system such an error would disrupt the entire business.
3. When should ALE be used?
Besides the benefits of ALE there are also reasons not to distribute:
The functional scope in a distributed environment is restricted. Not all functionality that is available in an integrated SAP system can be used with distributed systems in the standard yet. Although ALE provides tools to create new ALE business processes or to enhance existing business processes, this does involve additional expenditure.
Each company needs some organizational standards and data harmonization. In a distributed environment less standards are required than on a single integrated system. However, in a distributed environment the maintenance of the standards and the data harmonization is more difficult than on a single system.
The administration of decentralized systems is more expensive. Support and service costs for hardware and software in decentralized systems are higher than these costs in a single centralized system.
ALE should be used in a company if the benefits of ALE for this company outweigh the reasons against distribution. For this you always need to carry out a company specific investigation, in which you also should consider the culture of the company. ALE is good for some companies but not for all.
4. What is the relationship between ALE and Middleware?
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is a term for the transfer of business messages between two systems. There are many such messages, the most common of these include a customer sending a purchase order message to a vendor, or a vendor sending an invoice message to a customer. Classic EDI is mainly restricted on the exchange of transactional data, no master data or configuration data. In most cases, EDI replaces the transfer of paper copies of these documents. Via the messages ALE business processes can be implemented between business partners. The EDI messages also use the ALE services.
For the communication between different types of systems special EDI messages are defined as standards for inter company communication. There are many standards for these messages - in the United States, the ANSI X.12 standard is the most prevalent, in Europe, the UN/EDIFACT standard is used. For sending EDI messages the information has to be converted into an EDI standard. With SAP systems this is done by EDI subsystems. This conversion is the only difference between EDI messages and other messages used in ALE business processes. The processing of these messages on the SAP System is the same as the processing of other ALE messages.
5. Which ALE business processes are available?
IDoc Types - Message Types
ALE business processes are integrated business processes that run across distributed systems. This can be two different SAP systems, links between SAP and non-SAP systems, SAP and Web-servers (Internet Application Components) or SAP and desktop applications. The links between the systems may be loosely (asynchronous) or tightly (synchronous) coupled. These business processes are release independent and can run between different release levels of the systems.
Many SAP applications offer ALE distribution processes. The following list gives some examples:
Master data replication (IDoc Types - Message Types - Master Data)
- Material
- Customer
- Vendor
- General Ledger accounts
- Bill of materials
Accounting (IDoc Types - Message Types -Accounting Business Processes)
- Links to logistic systems
- Distributed financial accounting
- Distributed cost center accounting
- Distributed special ledger
- Profitability analysis
- Distributed profit center accounting
- Consolidation
- Treasury
Logistics(IDoc Types - Message Types - Logistics Business Processes)
- Reallocation of materials
- Distribution of sales and shipping
- Product data management
- Purchasing contracts
- Sales and operations planning
- Warehouse management
- Links to warehouse control systems
- Links to production optimization systems
- Links to transport planning systems
Information systems (IDoc Types - Message Types - Logistics Business Processes)
- SAP Business Information Warehouse (BW)
- Exchange of data between information systems
- Web reporting
Human resources (IDoc Types - Message Types - HR Business Processes)
- Human resources as a single component
- Payroll results
- Travel expense accounting
- Links to time collecting systems
However, these standard solutions may not fit 100% for a company. There may be differentiation in the business process or a required distributed business process is not supported in the standard. If this happens, ALE provides tools that can be used to adapt a standard ALE business process or to create a new distributed business process.
6. Which ALE services are available and what do they do?
To integrate distributed systems you need more than a communication infrastructure and interfaces. Some additional services are required that are provided by ALE:
Business process harmonization:
Within system overlapping business processes multiple functions running on multiple systems are involved and connected through multiple interfaces. The processes are combinations of functions (sub-processes) running on the single systems.
(Example: A business process for customer order management involves functions in sales, manufacturing, warehouse management, finance, and so on. It is possible that the sales functions are carried out on another system than the manufacturing, the warehouse management or the accounting. Furthermore, some information exchange with the customer, a supplier or a bank may be involved in the process.)
ALE helps to coordinate the whole business process by defining it within a global model. In this model the business rules for the distribution are defined. Via the model the sub-processes get to know which part of the overall process they have to do themselves and when they have to pass the process over to another system. Through this the whole business process gets harmonized.
Receiver determination:
For distributed business processes a sub-process on one application (client) has to start another sub-process on another application (server). It is important that the new sub-process is started on the right server. Which server is the right one can not be defined by technical values, it depends on the business content of the process.
(Example: A sales system forwards customer orders to two different production systems. To which system a special sales order is forwarded depends on the entries in the sales order (this may depend, for instance, on the ordered material or on the customer). One sales order may also be split into two or more different orders that may be forwarded to different production systems.)
To notify the client which system is the receiver of the communication (server), ALE uses a distribution model. From this model the applications get the information about the right server. There are special ALE BAPIs and function modules available for this. The receiver determination makes sure that the information is sent to the right places.
Business object synchronization (semantic synchronization):
If business processes run across distributed systems, they have to share some data to be harmonized. This is data like business information data, master data or customizing data. If this data is changed in any of the distributed systems, other systems have to be informed about the change. There has to be some kind of subscription of the data.
ALE provides a special service for this data synchronization. This service can detect data changes and distribute the information to those systems that need to know about the change. This service also defines which data is shared. You can determine which fields of a data object shall be common and which fields may vary locally.
Consistency checks:
For a business process running across two distributed applications there has to be some harmonization of the sub-processes in the single applications. For making sure that the sub processes are harmonized there are special ALE consistency check tools. These tools help to find and repair inconsistencies. By this it can be ensured that the whole ALE business process works in the right way.
Monitoring:
For the monitoring of distributed processes it is not enough to monitor all activities on the single systems. The overall business process has to be monitored. The ALE monitoring services provide detailed information about the communication process, the sub-process on the other systems and its results. Database links are created between the business objects in question on the client and the server. This is especially important for loosely coupled applications with asynchronous links. In this case the server can not give return values back to the client directly so that the ALE monitoring is the only channel for feedback.
Error handling:
Another problem with asynchronous communication is error handling. If an error occurs on the server the calling process on the client may have finished already. So the server can not return the error message to the client. A special error handling process required. This process is one of the ALE services. It uses workflow functionality to identify the error and to start the required error handling.
7. Synchronous vs. asynchronous links?
When distributed applications are linked by ALE business processes, the question often arises as to how tight the link should be. Synchronous and asynchronous links have both advantages and disadvantages.
Synchronous links have the advantage that the sub-process on the server can return values to the sub-process on the client that has started the link. Problems with synchronous links occur if the communication line or the server is temporarily not available. If this happens, the sub-process on the client can not be finished (otherwise there would be data inconsistencies).
(Example: There is a logistics system and a financial system. Every stock movement in logistics has to be posted in the general ledger of the financial system. If the link between logistics and finance is synchronous, no stock movement can be recorded in the logistics system if the communication line to the financial system is down.)
Because of this, synchronous links are usually used if the client only wants to get some data from the server and the sub-processes on the server do not have to write any data to the database.
With asynchronous links the sub-process on the client can be finished even if the communication line or the server is not available. In this case the message is stored in the database and the communication can be done later. The disadvantage of asynchronous links is that the sub-process on the server can not return information to the calling sub-process on the client. A special way for sending information back to the client is required. In addition, a special error handling mechanism is required to handle errors on the receiving side.
Asynchronous links are used if a synchronous link is not applicable. For the problems with sending return information to the client and with error handling there is some support from the ALE services.
8. Which kind of interfaces do ALE business processes use?
ALE business processes are integrated processes across distributed systems, requiring interfaces between the systems. These interfaces have to be stable to enable the communication between different releases and to reduce the impact of release changes within the distributed environment.
In SAP R/3 release 3.0 and 3.1 ALE uses IDocs as interfaces. An IDocs is a data container for transferring messages asynchronously. They are release independent. Since SAP Release 3.1G BAPIs are a new type of object oriented, stable interfaces that can be called synchronously or asynchronously. Asynchronous BAPIs use IDocs as data containers. ALE business processes can use BAPIs as well. In the future new ALE business processes will use BAPIs as interfaces. But the existing IDocs will still be supported. In time, BAPIs will be created with similar functionality to existing IDoc interfaces.
9. Why does SAP uses ALE instead of database replication or distributed databases?
Database replication is another possibility for doing business object synchronization. However, there are some major disadvantages with database replication. At the moment database replication is database dependent and release dependent within one database. This makes database replication impossible for the use with non-SAP systems and even for the replication between SAP Systems you have to make sure that all systems are running on the same SAP release and the same database release of a single database vendor. Furthermore, with database replication you cannot do things like field conversions or version changes. ALE does not have these shortcomings because it offers application driven data replication independent of the underlying database.
Another technology, distributed databases, is no alternative for ALE at the moment, either. There are some good results of distributed databases available, but the performance is far from sufficient for using it with larger applications like SAP.
10. What is the relationship between ALE and middleware?
For distributed business processes many different services are required. Most of these services are offered by SAP. For some of these services you can also use products that are provided by SAP's complementary software partners or by other companies:
The communication service for doing the pure communication is usually done via Remote Function Call (RFC). RFC is provided by SAP for most platforms both for synchronous and asynchronous communication. There are other messaging systems for the communication service available as well, like IBM's MQSeries. However, the communication between SAP and the messaging system is still done via RFC.
For the serialization of asynchronous communication the RFC provides little functionality at the moment. The serialization has to be checked by the application. ALE offers some support to do these checks. The serialization of the RFC communication will be improved in the future. Serialization services are provided by some of the existing messaging systems, but even they can not guaranty a 100% serialization of the communication, since they use RFC for the connection to SAP.
The monitoring and error handling of the communication is done via services provided by the RFC and ALE. If messaging systems are used for the communication they also offer some monitoring and error handling functionality.
If a non-SAP system is involved in the ALE business scenario and this system does not understand SAP's BAPI or IDoc interfaces, the data has to be mapped to any interface structure that this system offers. For this mapping SAP does not provide a service but it certifies mapping tools from software partners. These tools are called ALE translator. The most known product in this area is probably Mercator from TSI International Software. The same kind of mapping can also be done by 'EDI converters'.
Another type of middleware products offer process ware. This is mainly a combination of the communication service, the mapping service and a set of rules for the mapping. Some ALE translator can be used for this as well.
Receiver determination is one of the ALE services (see above). Parts of this service can also be provided by some of the messaging systems, but you cannot use these systems without using ALE receiver determination.
For the other ALE services like application monitoring, application error handling, semantic synchronization and business process harmonization, there are no middleware products available as a replacement of ALE.
ALE is open for the use of middleware products for the distribution, but in most cases the additional middleware is not necessary. In a communication between different SAP systems usually the use of additional middleware makes no sense at all. For the communication between SAP and non-SAP systems there might be some benefits, especially if the middleware is used at the company already. The only middleware tool that is really required if the non-SAP system does not understand BAPIs or IDocs is an ALE translator.
Check different sites for more information.
Regards

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