/usr/bin changes and grub legacy

Hello,
Grub legacy is one of the packages that keeps its binaries in /sbin. I'm just wondering if this means that I have to replace grub legacy with another bootloader before I upgrade my system? I certainly wouldn't know how to update grub legacy so that the binaries are found in /usr/bin.
Thanks.

The reason to change to systemd is that the daemon scripts in /etc/rc.d are disappearing, as are hte /etc/conf.d stuff. It will break sooner or later (probably sooner) and I am actually really surprised it hasn't already. There is a reason why the news indicated that you should switch, as the old initscripts are not longer supported. That means more than just not getting updates, the files that make that work are slowly being pulled from the packages (and slowly in Arch is not very slow at all).
As for consolekit, it is an unmaintained piece of software. Its functionality has been replcaed by systemd's logind (quite successfully I mgith add) which is another reason why you should switch.
I'm not saying that you have to switch, as there are other alternatives out there that you could use. There is a whole thread on how to use openrc, and some stuff about using various other thigns as well, like runit or even the busybox init. But I have seen very little quality stuff in regard to maintenance of the old initscripts. Sticking with this is not something you should really want to do. I think in the end, you will end up with a much larger headache than simply ironing out any issues may have with moving to systemd.

Similar Messages

Installing Grub and grub-legacy side by side

Hello, I have Grub installed already in my arch machine. I need to install grub-legacy. Is there any way to install grub-legacy and both grub at a time? it's not needed that grub-legacy is active.
I don't want grub-legacy active. I just want it to installed in my machine, If it's installed as another name no problem. Why i needed to install is for cross compilation. I am cross compiling for another Embedded system.

arungupta2008 wrote:Can we download grub-legacy src files and then install it manually? by changing the names of bin. As ubuntu have done?
In Arch you should be using PKGBUILDs to compile and install packages. You need to edit https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/gr/g … y/PKGBUILD and apart from moving the files, you have to remove
conflicts=('grub')
too.

[SOLVED] UEFI system booting from MBR partition table and GRUB legacy

I'm trying to understand once and for all the process by which Arch can be booted from a system with UEFI firmware and an MBR partition table. Some of the information on the wiki seems conflictual / non-nonsensical at times. Apologies in advance if this has been answered time and time again, but I did search around and all I found was fixes to get Arch to boot rather than comprehensive explanations of the boot process.
Now, the way I would imagine it works is that it's just completely identical to the way it would work with a BIOS firmware. The UEFI firmware detects an MBR partitioning scheme (or is configured to know it's an MBR partitioning scheme), activates some "legacy" mode and executes the MBR boot code, just like a BIOS firmware would.
The wiki however, says different. From the Macbook article: "Do not install GRUB onto /dev/sda !!! Doing so is likely to lead to an unstable post-environment."?
So what is there in the MBR boot sector? Nothing?
How does the firmware know what to boot if there's no 0xEF BIOS boot partition and no Grub stage 1 in the MBR boot sector?
Also, how does installing Grub stage 1 to a partition work? Does it have to be at the beginning of the partition? Wouldn't that overwrite some existing data?
I'm especially puzzled since many guides to installing Vista on a macbook recommend simply formatting as MBR, and installing as normal, which I suppose entails having the Windows installation process write its boot code to the MBR, ie the equivalent of installing grub stage 1 to /dev/sda rather than to the /boot partition, as the Macbook article suggests.
Any input is appreciated.
P.S. I realize it's probably simpler, if I just want to dual boot Windows and Arch, to install Windows 7 in UEFI-GPT mode, let it create the EFI System Partition, and then install GRUB 2 to that partition, but I'm still curious about the UEFI-MBR boot process.
Last edited by padavoine (2012-06-06 09:35:10)

padavoine wrote:
CSM in UEFI firmwares do the exact same job as normal BIOS firmware.
So it's something specific to the Mac that it's able to boot from a partition's VBR while ignoring the MBR?
The reason that warning is given is because grub-legacy modifies more than just the MBR boot code region. It can overwrite some parts of GPT header.
Not true, the instruction is given in the context of an MBR format, not in the context of a GPT format, so there's nothing to overwrite and Stage 1.5 should be safely embeddable in the post-MBR gap.
In BIOS boot (normal case in non-UEFI firmwares or CSM in UEFI firmwares) does not read the partitition table (atleast it is supposed to be dumb in this regard), it simply launches whatever boot code exists in the 1st 440-byte of the MBR region.
So again, you're saying it's specific to the Mac UEFI that it lets you choose a partition whose VBR to load, regardless of what's in the MBR?
I haven't used Macs so I can't comment on Mac firmware behaviour. But normal BIOS firmwares (legacy and CSM) launch only the MBR boot code and not the partition boot code. We need some chainload capable boot manager in the MBR to launch the partition VBR.
grub-legacy does not know anything about GPT. So when you install grub-legacy to /dev/sda, it install the MBR boot code (stage1) and stage 1.5 code to the (supposed) post MBR gap. Since there is no actual post MBR gap in GPT (which has been taken over by the header and partition table), grub-legacy does not check for GPT and it assumes the post MBR gap actually exists which is invalid in case of GPT. grub-legacy embeds the stage 1.5 code in GPT header and table region (which grub assumes to be unused post MBR gap) and thus corrupts it.
0xEF is the MBR type code for UEFISYS partition. grub stage 1 (used in grub-legacy, not in grub2) is the 440-byte boot code stored in MBR for use in BIOS boot.
That's precisely my point: with neither proper executable code in the MBR (since grub was installed to a partition, not to the MBR) nor a UEFI system partition, what does the firmware default to, and how does it know what partition to boot from?
In that case it might fallback to UEFI Shell (if it exists) or give an error similar to the case where BIOS does not find any bootable code in 440-byte MBR region.
So even with bootcamp/CSM, the disk also needs to be MBR partitioned. So Macs use something called "Hybrid GPT/MBR" ( http://rodsbooks.com/gdisk/hybrid.html ) where the MBR table is synced to match the first 3 partitions in the GPT table.
I know what Bootcamp does, and that's not what I was referring to. I was referring to standalone Vista installs. I wasn't puzzled at the fact that they were using MBR, I was puzzled at the fact that contrary to the recommendations for the standalone Arch install on the wiki (with MBR partitioning, not GPT), they didn't do anything to try and prevent Windows from writing to the MBR.
You can't prevent Windows from overwriting the MBR region. You have to re-install the bootloader (grub2/syslinux etc.) after installing Windows. That is the reason why it is recommended to install Windows first and linux later.
Thats not true. I actually find it is much easier to install Windows UEFI-GPT using USB rather than a DVD.
I haven't done it since the only UEFI system I own has no DVD drive, but I was under the impression that it was simply a matter of choosing DVD UEFI boot in the firmware's boot menu.
format the USB as FAT32 and extract the iso to it. That it.
No, thats not it, precisely, it doesn't work out of the box with a standard Windows install USB, you need to fiddle around:
2.3 Extract bootmgfw.efi from [WINDOWS_x86_64_ISO]/sources/install.wim => [INSTALL.WIM]/1/Windows/Boot/EFI/bootmgfw.efi (using 7-zip aka p7zip for both the files), or copy it from C:\Windows\Boot\EFI\bootmgfw.efi from a working Windows x86_64 installation.
2.4 Copy the extracted bootmgfw.efi file to [MOUNTPOINT]/efi/microsoft/boot/bootmgfw.efi .
Most of the Windows isos already have /EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI file, so no need to extract the bootmgfw.efi file.
There is no difference between in BIOS booting in UEFI firmwares and BIOS booting with legacy firmware.
There has to be a difference, at least in the Mac firmware (sorry, I keep switching), since legacy firmware, AFAIK, cannot chainload a bootloader in a partition's VBR without there being some sort of "stage1" code in the MBR.
No idea about Mac EFI. Apple made a spagetti out of UEFI Spec. To actually understand how Mac firmwares work, read the blog posts by Matthew Garrett of Redhat, about his efforts in getting Fedora to boot in Macs.

/usr/bin/screen and /etc/paths

Well, I would have just filed a bug report, but apple's bug report page never works for me...
It seems that screen doesn't use apple's /etc/paths to gets it's paths, so any custom paths you have aren't listened too.
Adding the paths the normal *nix way, to the /etc/profile, or ~/.profile, doesn't seem to work either.
Any suggestions?

~/.screenrc
uses c-shell-like syntax, eg:
setenv PATH /sw/bin:/usr/local/bin:$PATH

[Solved] How to save a file in /usr/bin/local using gedit as an admin?

In my attempt to run these two programs:
https://github.com/kerchen/export_gr2evernote
https://github.com/spiermar/bookmarks2evernote
I noticed they assumed the default python is python 2. I have python 3.3.1 and 2.6.8. I'm following the instructions at: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Py … ld_scripts
Created a file with this:
#!/bin/bash
script=`readlink -f -- "$1"`
case "$script" in
/home/Dropbox/export_gr2evernote-master1/*|/home/Dropbox/bookmarks2evernote2/*)
exec python2 "$@"
esac
exec python3 "$@"
I then, tried to save it as p2 under /usr/local/bin/ where the only thing that's there is meteor, node, and npm, and it throws me an error saying I don't have enough permissions.
How do I save p2 as an admin in /usr/bin/local using gedit?
I've searched on the forums 'create a file in /usr/' and I haven't found anything. Can someone please help me?
Last edited by jjshinobi (2013-04-23 05:20:47)

jjshinobi wrote:
sidneyk wrote:
jjshinobi wrote:
I moved p2 to bin, edited my projects path with the username in front of home, saved it as python, made it executable (#sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/python), removed p2. Ran:
#python evernote2enex.py -m 10
It's still referencing python 3...
"python3: can't open file 'evernote2enex.py': [Errno 2] No such file or directory"
My python file contains this:
#!/bin/bash
script=`readlink -f -- "$1"`
case "$script" in
/home/<user>/Dropbox/export_gr2evernote-master1/*|/home/<user>/Dropbox/bookmarks2evernote2/*)
exec python2 "$@"
esac
exec python3 "$@"
I did everything exactly like the wiki said, what seems to be the problem?
OK. Looking at the 2 scripts you quoted, neither one is using a shbang line to set a python version to call. Without that, the python intercept doesn't even come into play. The problem that I see is the way you are starting it:
sudo nano /usr/local/bin/python
Is root really necessary for these if they are in your /home/<user>/Dropbox/ directory. And it appears that you are assuming python3 when you start them that way. If you are going to use that method and they are indeed python2 scripts, then change your command to this:
#python evernote2enex.py -m 10
You might try it as your normal user too in case root isn't really required.
I tested out the first ten with:
#python2 export2enex.py -m 10
it worked!
then proceded with
#python2 export2enex.py GStarred -n exported.enex
The script is fully functional. Thanks man!
Actually, you're not even using the script when starting your python scripts that way. You are explicitly calling either python3 (python) or python2 (python2) to run the indicated python script and not even touching the work around /usr/local/bin/python script. If your python script started with a line like either :
#!/usr/bin/env python
or:
#!/usr/bin/python
And was executable, such that you called it by it's name, i.e. "someprogram.py", then the python script in /usr/local/bin/ would take precedence and effectively intercept the python call and choose the appropriate version of python as long as the path to the directory where "someprogram.py" resides is specified in that /usr/local/bin/python script.
Last edited by sidneyk (2013-04-25 15:40:19)

Authentication error with shell=/usr/bin/bash

Hello there,
I'm comfortable with linux, but new with Arch Linux. Recently I completed an installation with success but I ran into a strange authentication error at login.
Before adding a user I verified the path of the bash shell and 'which bash' returned /usr/bin/bash.
So I added a user with shell /usr/bin/bash and the line in /etc/passwd reads similar to:
newuser:x:1000:100:His name:/home/newuser:/usr/bin/bash
With this line I get an authentication error from login
And when I change the shell to /bin/bash, the user is able to login with success.
I have found similar problem reports, but not this solution.
I hope to get some help with understanding this issue, to me it seems wrong to point the shell in /etc/passwd to a symbolic link.

Thank you very much, falconindy.
My first reaction is "But what if /usr becomes inaccessible", also /bin/sh is a symlink.
But I guess with rescue options from initramfs or live CD/usb, this is not a big issue anymore.
I have added /usr/bin/bash to /etc/shells.
Last edited by wilbert-vb (2013-05-18 12:55:45)

/sw/bin/gzip instead of /usr/bin/gzip

I did a Fink update today an now
which gzip
returns
/sw/bin/gzip instead of /usr/bin/gzip
I have no /sw/bin path set in my .bashrc nor in my .bash_profile. Why is there this /sw/bin in
echo $PATH
/sw/bin:/sw/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/php5/bin:/usr/local/php5/man:/bin :/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/s bin:/Developer/Tools:/usr/local/share/man:/sw/share/man:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/us r/local/mysql/man:/usr/X11R6/bin
I want to use /usr/bin and not /sw/bin
What to do to change this?
several Macs Mac OS X (10.4.3) 10.4.4

I didn't set the /sw/bin path in those config files. That's why I wonder how my system knows about /sw/bin.
my .bashrc:
LCALL=enUS.UTF-8
export LC_ALL
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
export LANG
PATH=/usr/local/php5/bin:/usr/local/php5/man:$PATH
PATH=/usr/local/:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/Developer/Tools:/usr/local/shar e/man:/sw/share/man:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/man:$PATH
export PATH
my .bash_profile:
. .bashrc
alias ls='ls -vwG'
alias m2u="tr '\015' '\012'"
alias u2m="tr '\012' '\015'"
test -r /sw/bin/init.sh && . /sw/bin/init.sh
I want to type "gzip" and I want it to use "/usr/bin/gzip" and not "/sw/bin/gzip". How do I accomplish this? (Before I updated Fink today it worked as I want.)
several Macs Mac OS X (10.4.3)

/usr/bin/ld215 not availbel in RHEL 5.4 - For 11.5.10.2 Installation

Hi Friends,
I am installaing 11.5.10.2 on RHEL 5.4
The Metalink Note says : (Oracle Applications Installation Update Notes, Release 11i (11.5.10.2) [ID 316806.1] )
For Oracle Linux 5 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 only :
*# ln -s /usr/bin/ld215 /usr/bin/ld*
But i don't have the file /usr/bin/ld215 .
Even this note (Oracle Applications 11i Installation on OEL5 or RHEL5 [ID 730444.1]) says to perform
mv /usr/bin/ld /usr/bin/ld.old
ln -s /usr/bin/ld215 /usr/bin/ld
But i have /usr/bin/ld and doesn't have /usr/bin/ld215 ( In reverse)
If i perform the :
mv /usr/bin/ld /usr/bin/ld.old
ln -s /usr/bin/ld215 /usr/bin/ld
i get error (/usr/bin/ld not found) in system check so i left /usr/bin/ld as it is
Is the command *# ln -s /usr/bin/ld215 /usr/bin/ld* wrong (should it be otherway) ? How do i get this file ? can i skip this? I don't find any error on system check in rapidwiz but will it cause any issue in future/
Please suggest
Regards,
DB

Hi Hussein,
It got fixed after installating the rpm compat-binutils215-2.15.92.0.2-24.i386.rpm ( as a pre req of compat-oracle-el5-1.0-5)
Regards,
DB

Missing /usr/bin/reboot

i use GNOME and arch is up to date as it can be after doing a "pacman -Syu".
when i use GNOME's shutdown-dialog to reboot the system, GNOME and X stop as they should, but then the system gives a message, "Command failed /usr/bin/reboot" and a short description that it wasn't found.
the system then takes a short breath of about 5-10 seconds and reboots as it should.
well, there is no /usr/bin/reboot on my harddisk, just /sbin/reboot...why?
had the same thing some days ago on another system. was /usr/bin/reboot removed during one of the last updates and GNOME still tries to use it instead of /sbin/reboot?
Thanks!
Cheers!

I had this problem as well and couldn't work out what I had done wrong - I hadn't been fiddling with any settings, honest. Anyway, it first occurred last Saturday when I shutdown my PC after these updates:
[2008-02-02 07:49] synchronizing package lists
[2008-02-02 07:49] starting full system upgrade
[2008-02-02 07:50] upgraded bash (3.2.025-4 -> 3.2.033-2)
[2008-02-02 07:50] warning: /etc/profile installed as /etc/profile.pacnew
[2008-02-02 07:50] warning: directory permissions differ on var/lock/
filesystem: 775 package: 755
[2008-02-02 07:50] upgraded filesystem (2007.11-3 -> 2007.11-6)
[2008-02-02 07:50] upgraded groff (1.19.2-3 -> 1.19.2-4)
[2008-02-02 07:50] upgraded man (1.6f-1 -> 1.6f-2)
[2008-02-02 07:50] upgraded mkinitcpio (0.5.17-1 -> 0.5.17-2)
[2008-02-02 07:50] upgraded mpg123 (1.1.0-3 -> 1.2.0-1)
and not only was there an error about the missing file but gdm-binary segfaulted. Here's the entry from everything.log:
Feb 2 09:53:50 gconfd (david-9810): Exiting
Feb 2 09:53:50 darkstar gdm-binary[9706]: WARNING: Command failed /usr/bin/poweroff: Failed to execute child process "/usr/bin/poweroff" (No such file or directory)
Feb 2 09:53:50 darkstar shutdown[11387]: shutting down for system halt
Feb 2 09:53:50 darkstar init: Switching to runlevel: 0
Feb 2 09:53:50 darkstar gdm-binary[9706]: segfault at 0000000000000031 rip 00002aaccdefa090 rsp 00007fffdfb2ce28 error 4
Thing is, looking back through older log entries, the warning about failing to execute /usr/bin/reboot or /usr/bin /poweroff is always there on reboot/shutdown but I had never before seen it echoed to the screen. Anyway, I wasn't sure where to report the bug but made my own fix in the meantime by adding the following to the daemon section of /etc/gdm/defaults.conf
RebootCommand=/sbin/reboot
HaltCommand=/sbin/poweroff
The other consequence of those Saturday updates, which hasn't gone away yet, is that the normal shutdown messages - stopping this, stopping that etc. - don't always appear. It's not consistent but more often than not gnome will drop to a console with a login prompt and my PC will shutdown a few seconds later If I don't start gnome and just run /sbin/poweroff from the console then the usual messages will appear. As far as I can tell, however, my PC is shutting down properly despite the lack of messages.
EDIT: And /sbin is in my path.
EDIT 1: And the segfaults continue (I thought that they'd gone away):
Feb 6 23:27:08 gconfd (david-9811): Exiting
Feb 6 23:27:09 darkstar shutdown[15679]: shutting down for system halt
Feb 6 23:27:09 darkstar init: Switching to runlevel: 0
Feb 6 23:27:09 darkstar gdm-binary[9706]: segfault at 0000000000000021 rip 00002b63ab165090 rsp 00007fff028bfe48 error 4
Last edited by azleifel (2008-02-07 22:35:41)

Terminal/Shell - Accidently overwrote /usr/bin/man

I was recently trying to update an application which involved copying files into /usr/bin folder and in doing so I accidently overwrote the "man" application. I am wondering if I can use the Linux version of "man" or is there a way to recover this from the OS X Installation DVD?
MacBook Mac OS X (10.4.9) <secret/>

Excellent suggestion. I was able to recover "man" from the installation disk with Pacifist.

How to change /usr/bin/grep To /usr/local/bin/grep

Hi
I have installed GNU Grep but when I am giving the command #which grep it is showing me solaris grep i.e /usr/bin/grep.
My question is how do I change it to /usr/local/bin/
Thanks in advance
Sukrut

You have a few options:
1) place /usr/local/bin before /usr/bin in your PATH environment variable
2) remove /usr/bin/grep altogether
3) move /usr/bin/grep to something else (ie: /usr/bin/solaris/grep) and symlink /usr/bin/grep to /usr/local/bin/grep just in case any hard coded programs/scripts rely on /usr/bin/grep being present.
I prefer step #3 since most of the various gnu utilities are virtually 100% drop-in replacements.

[SOLVED]PKGBUILD change to install to /usr/bin

I have this package installed and it needs to be changed to install to /usr/bin, now it installs to usr/sbin. I really dont know much about this so if someone could point out what i need to change i would appreciate it.
https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/?O=0 … fsarchiver
# qt4-fsarchiver by Francois Dupoux, Hihin Ruslan and Dieter Baum
# PKGBUILD by hasufell, updated by DaarkWel
pkgname=qt4-fsarchiver
pkgver=0.6.17_3
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc='GUI for fsarchiver'
arch=('i686' 'x86_64')
url='http://sourceforge.net/projects/qt4-fsarchiver/'
license=('GPL')
depends=('fsarchiver' 'gksu')
makedepends=('qt4')
source=("http://sourceforge.net/projects/${pkgname}/files/source/${pkgname}-${pkgver//_/-}.tar.gz")
sha1sums=('8b474af6fd81d604f357348567608f450dbe83e7')
build() {
cd "${srcdir}/${pkgname}"
qmake-qt4
package() {
cd "${srcdir}/${pkgname}"
make
make INSTALL_ROOT="${pkgdir}" install
mkdir -p ${pkgdir}/usr/share/qt/translations
rm -R ${pkgdir}/usr/share/qt4
install -D -m644 ${srcdir}/${pkgname}/translations/*.qm ${pkgdir}/usr/share/qt/translations
sed s/Terminal=true/Terminal=false/ -i ${pkgdir}/usr/share/applications/qt4-fsarchiver.desktop
sed s/sudo/gksu/ -i ${pkgdir}/usr/share/applications/qt4-fsarchiver.desktop
Last edited by cecar (2013-06-04 13:22:28)

There is a problem in that PKGBUILD. The make shouldn't be in the package function. It should be in the build function, just after qmake-qt4.
And the qmake project hard codes the destination to /usr/sbin. In that case, the correct PKGBUILD should be:
# qt4-fsarchiver by Francois Dupoux, Hihin Ruslan and Dieter Baum
# PKGBUILD by hasufell, updated by DaarkWel
pkgname=qt4-fsarchiver
pkgver=0.6.17_3
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc='GUI for fsarchiver'
arch=('i686' 'x86_64')
url='http://sourceforge.net/projects/qt4-fsarchiver/'
license=('GPL')
depends=('fsarchiver' 'gksu')
makedepends=('qt4')
source=("http://sourceforge.net/projects/${pkgname}/files/source/${pkgname}-${pkgver//_/-}.tar.gz")
sha1sums=('8b474af6fd81d604f357348567608f450dbe83e7')
build() {
cd "${srcdir}/${pkgname}"
qmake-qt4
make
package() {
cd "${srcdir}/${pkgname}"
make INSTALL_ROOT="${pkgdir}" install
mkdir -p ${pkgdir}/usr/share/qt/translations
rm -R ${pkgdir}/usr/share/qt4
install -D -m644 ${srcdir}/${pkgname}/translations/*.qm ${pkgdir}/usr/share/qt/translations
# workaround for fixed destination path in qmake project
mkdir -p ${pkgdir}/usr/bin
mv ${pkgdir}/usr/sbin/qt4-fsarchiver ${pkgdir}/usr/bin/
rmdir ${pkgdir}/usr/sbin
sed s/Terminal=true/Terminal=false/ -i ${pkgdir}/usr/share/applications/qt4-fsarchiver.desktop
sed s/sudo/gksu/ -i ${pkgdir}/usr/share/applications/qt4-fsarchiver.desktop

Fedora merging /usr/bin with /sbin and /bin

I just read this mail on the fedora list regaring the proposal to merge the different directories for binaries:
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/piperma … 58845.html
It does seem like a practice from times long gone.
What is your take on this? Wouldn't this be something in the spirit of Arch, too?

I came across this interesting proposal and was interested how the Archlinux community feels about this:
http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/TheCaseForTheUsrMerge wrote:
Improved compatibility with other Unixes/Linuxes in behaviour: After the /usr merge all binaries become available in both /bin and /usr/bin, resp. both /sbin and /usr/sbin (simply because /bin becomes a symlink to /usr/bin, resp. /sbin to /usr/sbin). That means scripts/programs written for other Unixes or other Linuxes and ported to your distribution will no longer need fixing for the file system paths of the binaries called, which is otherwise a major source of frustration. /usr/bin and /bin (resp. /usr/sbin and /sbin) become entirely equivalent.
Improved compatibility with other Unixes (in particular Solaris) in appearance: The primary commercial Unix implementation is nowadays Oracle Solaris. Solaris has already completed the same /usr merge in Solaris 11. By making the same change in Linux we minimize the difference towards the primary Unix implementation, thus easing portability from Solaris.
Improved compatibility with GNU build systems: The biggest part of Linux software is built with GNU autoconf/automake (i.e. GNU autotools), which are unaware of the Linux-specific /usr split. Maintaining the /usr split requires non-trivial project-specific handling in the upstream build system, and in your distribution's packages. With the /usr merge, this work becomes unnecessary and porting packages to Linux becomes simpler.
Improved compatibility with current upstream development: In order to minimize the delta from your Linux distribution to upstream development the /usr merge is key.

Command Line Tools installs the latest version of clang (and others) in /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/... but not in /usr/bin/

I've upgraded Xcode to the latest 5.1 Installed Command Line Tools via xcode-select --install Homebrew tells me "A newer Command Line Tools release is available"
brew --config:
Xcode: 5.1 CLT: 5.1.0.0.1.1393561416 LLVM-GCC: build 2336 Clang: 3.1 build 318
Checking my clang executable:
$ /usr/bin/clang --version Apple clang version 3.1 (tags/Apple/clang-318.0.58) (based on LLVM 3.1svn)
$ /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools/usr/bin/clang --version Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.38) (based on LLVM 3.4svn)
So it appears Command Line Tools didn't install clang (and perhaps other executables) into /usr/bin? I checked my other laptop (w/ Mavericks), and /usr/bin/clang is version 5.1.
So I'm guessing this is the problem? I've tried to reinstall Command Line Tools as sudo, but now it won't let me install again (says software isn't currently available).
Can anyone help me with this? I've spent hours on it now, but can't find a solution.
Thanks

BTW, I installed Xcode 5.1 from the Store, but have never run xcode-select --install. Here is the verbose output from a clang.
xew ~/$:clang -v -o hello main.c
Apple LLVM version 5.1 (clang-503.0.38) (based on LLVM 3.4svn)
Target: x86_64-apple-darwin13.1.0
Thread model: posix
"/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain /usr/bin/clang" -cc1 -triple x86_64-apple-macosx10.9.0 -emit-obj -mrelax-all -disable-free -disable-llvm-verifier -main-file-name main.c -mrelocation-model pic -pic-level 2 -mdisable-fp-elim -masm-verbose -munwind-tables -target-cpu core2 -target-linker-version 236.3 -v -resource-dir /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/ usr/bin/../lib/clang/5.1 -isysroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/ SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk -fdebug-compilation-dir /Users/xew -ferror-limit 19 -fmessage-length 100 -stack-protector 1 -mstackrealign -fblocks -fobjc-runtime=macosx-10.9.0 -fencode-extended-block-signature -fdiagnostics-show-option -fcolor-diagnostics -vectorize-slp -o /var/folders/zf/d5vqmmtn5mq7h6766jtlkrvr0000gn/T/main-353995.o -x c main.c
clang -cc1 version 5.1 based upon LLVM 3.4svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin13.1.0
ignoring nonexistent directory "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer /SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/local/include"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer /SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/Library/Frameworks"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/ usr/bin/../lib/clang/5.1/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/ usr/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/ SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/usr/include
/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/ SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
End of search list.
"/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain /usr/bin/ld" -demangle -dynamic -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.9.0 -syslibroot /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/ SDKs/MacOSX10.9.sdk -o hello /var/folders/zf/d5vqmmtn5mq7h6766jtlkrvr0000gn/T/main-353995.o -lSystem /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/ usr/bin/../lib/clang/5.1/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.osx.a
xew ~/$:

Cannot open registry key and /usr/bin/lib: invalid option --N patch 7237313

Hi,
I am trying to install autoconfig TXK patch 7237313 for cloning an EBS 12 on windows server 2003.
When I run adpatch it returns 2 errors:
*1 -*
setEnvAdrelink: Error: Cannot open registry key:
SOFTWARE\ORACLE
*2 -*
Relinking module 'CONCSUB.exe' in product fnd ...
gnumake -f E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/admin/PROD/out/link_fnd_2548.mk E:/o
racle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/fnd/12.0.0/bin/CONCSUB.exe
Starting link of fnd executable 'CONCSUB.exe' on Fri Feb 5 09:25:07 SAST 2010
/usr/bin/lib: invalid option -- N
Try `/usr/bin/lib --help' for more information.
E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/admin/PROD/out/link_fnd_2548.mk:2901: warning:
overriding commands for target `E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/fnd/12.0.0/bin/
CMDCART.dll'
E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/admin/PROD/out/link_fnd_2548.mk:752: warning: i
gnoring old commands for target `E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/fnd/12.0.0/bin
/CMDCART.dll'
E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/admin/PROD/out/link_fnd_2548.mk:2948: warning:
overriding commands for target `E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/fnd/12.0.0/bin/
FNDRTR45.exe'
E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/admin/PROD/out/link_fnd_2548.mk:1333: warning:
ignoring old commands for target `E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/fnd/12.0.0/bi
n/FNDRTR45.exe'
link.exe -MAP:E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/fnd/12.0.0/bin/CONCSUB.map -NODEF
AULTLIB -NOLOGO -SUBSYSTEM:CONSOLE -ENTRY:mainCRTStartup -OUT:E:/oracle/PROD/app
s/apps_st/appl/fnd/12.0.0/bin/CONCSUB.exe E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/fnd/1
2.0.0/lib/fdpocr.obj \
E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/fnd/12.0.0/lib/FNDCORE.lib E:/oracle/PR
OD/apps/tech_st/10.1.2/precomp/lib/msvc/orasql10.lib E:/oracle/PROD/apps/tech_st
/10.1.2/precomp/lib/msvc/orasqx10.lib E:/oracle/PROD/apps/tech_st/10.1.2/RDBMS/l
ib/oraclient10.lib E:/oracle/PROD/apps/tech_st/10.1.2/RDBMS/lib/oracommon10.lib
E:/oracle/PROD/apps/tech_st/10.1.2/NETWORK/lib/oranro10.lib E:/oracle/PROD/apps/
tech_st/10.1.2/NETWORK/lib/oran10.lib E:/oracle/PROD/apps/tech_st/10.1.2/NETWORK
/lib/oranl10.lib E:/oracle/PROD/apps/tech_st/10.1.2/lib/oranls10.lib E:/oracle/P
ROD/apps/tech_st/10.1.2/lib/oracore10.lib /LIB/MSVCRT.LIB /LIB/OLDNAMES.LIB /P
latformSDK/LIB/KERNEL32.LIB /PlatformSDK/LIB/USER32.LIB /PlatformSDK/LIB/ADVAPI3
2.LIB /PlatformSDK/LIB/WINSPOOL.LIB /PlatformSDK/LIB/COMDLG32.LIB /PlatformSDK/L
IB/GDI32.LIB /PlatformSDK/LIB/VERSION.LIB
link: invalid option -- M
Try `link --help' for more information.
gnumake: *** [E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/fnd/12.0.0/bin/CONCSUB.exe] Error
1
Done with link of fnd executable 'CONCSUB.exe' on Fri Feb 5 09:25:08 SAST 2010
Relink of module "CONCSUB.exe" failed.
See error messages above (also recorded in log file) for possible
reasons for the failure. Also, please check that the Unix userid
running adrelink has read, write, and execute permissions
on the directory E:/oracle/PROD/apps/apps_st/appl/fnd/12.0.0/bin,
and that there is sufficient space remaining on the disk partition
containing your Oracle Applications installation.
egrep version is 2.5.1 and gnumake is 3.80.
please help,
regards,
Hassane Cabir

Hi,
Are the application services down?
setEnvAdrelink: Error: Cannot open registry key:
SOFTWARE\ORACLEyes, the services are down, using adstpall.cmd and Maintenance mode enabled using adadmin.
Get the version 3.80-1 of the make file -- See (Note: 414992.1 - Using Cygwin to Maintain Oracle E-Business Suite Release 12 on Windows).The make is already 3.80-1.
regards,
Hassane Cabir

/usr/bin changes and grub legacy

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