Where is my 3d-cube?

Question

Hello!
I have just started to develope some apps for J2ME. Before I have explored Java3D so perhaps I tries to merge these two technics and there for run into this problem.
My plan for my first bigger app would consist of 4 classes.
CubeGame - the midlet
CubeCanvas - the canvas to display and render 3D objects.
Cube - a class that holds everything for a 3D cube-object.
RefreshTask - a timer class that i hope will be replaced by letting CubeCanvas implemets Runnable instead.
I also use a image for the texture for the cube, that one can be found at:
http://developers.sun.com/techtopics/mobility/apis/articles/3dgraphics/texture.png
The problem is that the cube never get's displayed when I start this app. I just see a black screen with my time counter. Perhasps it is there somewhere but is out of sight I do not know??
So if any one could tell me whats wrong and how to get the cube in the display please tell me!
Below is the source code.
Best regards
Fredrik Andersson
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.microedition.m3g.*;
public class CubeGame extends MIDlet implements CommandListener
     static CubeGame instance;
     CubeCanvas cubeCanvas = new CubeCanvas();
     public CubeGame()
          this.instance = this;
     public void startApp()
          Display.getDisplay(this).setCurrent(cubeCanvas);
          Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.EXIT, 0);
          cubeCanvas.addCommand(exitCommand);
          cubeCanvas.setCommandListener(this);
     public void pauseApp()
     public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional)
public static void quitApp()
instance.destroyApp(true);
instance.notifyDestroyed();
instance = null;
     public void commandAction(Command c, Displayable s)
          if (c.getCommandType() == Command.EXIT)
               notifyDestroyed();
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import javax.microedition.m3g.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
public class CubeCanvas extends Canvas
     private Graphics3D      graphics3D;
     private Camera      camera = new Camera();
     private Light      light = new Light();
     private Transform      transform = new Transform();
     private Background      background = new Background();
     private World                world = new World();
     private byte                time = 100;
     private     Group                group = new Group();
     private Timer                timer = new Timer();
     private TimerTask           timerTask = null;
     private Cube                cube = new Cube();
     public CubeCanvas()
          init();
     public void init()
          graphics3D = Graphics3D.getInstance();
          background.setColor(0x33ccff);
          world.addChild(group);
          group.setOrientation(15.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
          group.addChild(cube);
          world.addChild(camera);
          world.setActiveCamera(camera);
          camera.setParallel((1<<3)*1.5f, 1.0f, -(1<<3), (1<<3));
     camera.setPerspective( 60.0f, // field of view
          (float)getWidth()/ (float)getHeight(), // aspectRatio
          1.0f, // near clipping plane
          1000.0f ); // far clipping plane
     // create a light
     light.setColor(0xffffff); // white light
     light.setIntensity(1.25f); // overbright
          world.addChild(light);
     public void rotateCube(short cubeId, short dircetion)
     public void connectCubes(short cubeId, short dircetion)
     public void paint(Graphics g)
          if(this == null || world == null)
          return;
          if(timerTask != null)
               timerTask.cancel();
               timerTask=null;
          graphics3D.bindTarget(g);
          graphics3D.clear(background);
          Transform transform = new Transform();
     transform.postTranslate(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f);
     graphics3D.setCamera(camera, transform);
     // set up a "headlight": a directional light shining
     // from the direction of the camera
     graphics3D.resetLights();
     graphics3D.addLight(light, transform);
     try
          graphics3D.render(world);
          finally
          graphics3D.releaseTarget();
          g.setColor(0xFFFFFFFF);
          g.drawString(time + " sec", 10, 30, Graphics.LEFT | Graphics.TOP);
          timerTask = new RefreshTask(this);
     timer.schedule(timerTask, 1000);
          time--;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.microedition.m3g.*;
public class Cube extends Group
     private short size;
     private Image[] images;
     private VertexBuffer vertexBuffer; // positions, normals, colors, texcoords
     private IndexBuffer indexBuffer; // indices to vertexBuffer, formingtriangle strips
     private Appearance appearance; // material, texture, compositing, ...
     private Material material = new Material();
     private Mesh          mesh;
     private Image iImage;
     short[] vert = {
          1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1,-1, 1, -1,-1, 1, // front
     -1, 1,-1, 1, 1,-1, -1,-1,-1, 1,-1,-1, // back
     -1, 1, 1, -1, 1,-1, -1,-1, 1, -1,-1,-1, // left
          1, 1,-1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1,-1, 1,-1, 1, // right
          1, 1,-1, -1, 1,-1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, // top
          1,-1, 1, -1,-1, 1, 1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1 }; // bottom
     byte[] norm = {
          0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127,
          0, 0,-127, 0, 0,-127, 0, 0,-127, 0, 0,-127,
     -127, 0, 0, -127, 0, 0, -127, 0, 0, -127, 0, 0,
          127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0,
          0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0,
          0,-127, 0, 0,-127, 0, 0,-127, 0, 0,-127, 0 };
     short[] tex = {
          1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
          1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
          1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
          1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
          1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
          1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1 };
     int[] stripLen = { 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 };
     //public Cube(short s, Image[] i)
     public Cube()
          try
               //size = s;
               //images = i;
               VertexArray vertArray = new VertexArray(vert.length / 3, 3, 2);
               vertArray.set(0, vert.length/3, vert);
               VertexArray normArray = new VertexArray(norm.length / 3, 3, 1);
               normArray.set(0, norm.length/3, norm);
               VertexArray texArray = new VertexArray(tex.length / 2, 2, 2);
               texArray.set(0, tex.length/2, tex);
               VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer();
               vertexBuffer.setPositions(vertArray, 1.0f, null); // unit scale, zerobias
               vertexBuffer.setNormals(normArray);
               vertexBuffer.setTexCoords(0, texArray, 1.0f, null); // unit scale, zerobias
               indexBuffer = new TriangleStripArray( 0, stripLen );
               iImage = Image.createImage( "/images/texture.png" );
               Image2D image2D = new Image2D( Image2D.RGB, iImage );
               Texture2D texture = new Texture2D( image2D );
               texture.setFiltering(Texture2D.FILTER_NEAREST, Texture2D.FILTER_NEAREST);
               texture.setWrapping(Texture2D.WRAP_CLAMP, Texture2D.WRAP_CLAMP);
               texture.setBlending(Texture2D.FUNC_MODULATE);
               appearance = new Appearance();
               appearance.setTexture(0, texture);
               appearance.setMaterial(material);
               material.setColor(Material.DIFFUSE, 0xFFFFFFFF); // white
               material.setColor(Material.SPECULAR, 0xFFFFFFFF); // white
               material.setShininess(100.0f);
               mesh = new Mesh(vertexBuffer, indexBuffer, appearance);
          catch(Exception e)
               e.printStackTrace();
     public short getSize()
          return size;
     public Image[] getImages()
          return images;
import java.util.*;
public class RefreshTask extends TimerTask
     CubeCanvas cubeCanvas;
     public RefreshTask(CubeCanvas cc)
          cubeCanvas = cc;
     public void run()
          cubeCanvas.repaint();
}

Answer 1

Hello Mates!
(Greetings from a cold Sweden -20 deg. cel. this morning very unusually so late in the winter)
At last I solved it. Now I think I got hold of this.
I use immediate mode. I do not know if this is a good thing if we talk performance.
My intention was to be able to progamatically create different objects and add them to my world. I'm not so found of creating things in a 3D-program. I rather create them my self. Now I think I know how!
Perhaps you can advise me not to do this if you see that this would leak memory or something else. Perhaps it is better to use m3g-files, I do not know. But I do not like it.
Now my app contains these 4 classes:
TestMIDlet - just the start class for everything
TestCanvas3D - this is the interesting class that contains everything for the rendering and the world to attach objects into.
Cube - All data for a 3D-cube
Pyramid - All data for a Pyramid, I guess, I have copied you Mitch
This app displays these two objects. My intention is now to create a 3D-world progamatically. So please comment this if you in any way think this is stupid.
/Fredrik
The code is below:
Code:
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import javax.microedition.m3g.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
public class TestMIDlet extends MIDlet implements CommandListener
private Display display = null;
private TestCanvas3D testCanvas3D = new TestCanvas3D();
private Command exitCommand = new Command("Exit", Command.ITEM, 1);
public TestMIDlet()
display = Display.getDisplay(this);
testCanvas3D.setCommandListener(this);
testCanvas3D.addCommand(exitCommand);
public void startApp() throws MIDletStateChangeException
try
testCanvas3D.setTitle("TestMIDlet");
display.setCurrent(testCanvas3D);
catch(Exception e)
e.printStackTrace();
public void pauseApp()
public void destroyApp(boolean unconditional) throws MIDletStateChangeException
public void commandAction(Command command, Displayable displayable)
if (command == exitCommand)
try
destroyApp(false);
notifyDestroyed();
catch(Exception e)
e.printStackTrace();
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import javax.microedition.m3g.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
public class TestCanvas3D extends Canvas
private Graphics3D graphics3D = Graphics3D.getInstance();
private Camera camera = new Camera();
private World world = new World();
private Background background = new Background();
private Light light = new Light();
private Pyramid pyramid1 = new Pyramid(0xFFFFFF00);
private Cube cube = new Cube();
private Transform cameraTransform = new Transform();
private Transform worldTransform = new Transform();
private Transform lightTransform = new Transform();
public TestCanvas3D()
Transform transform1 = new Transform();
transform1.postTranslate(-0.5f, 0.0f, -8.0f);
pyramid1.setTransform(transform1);
Transform transform2 = new Transform();
transform2.postTranslate(0.5f, 0.0f, -8.0f);
cube.setTransform(transform2);
world.addChild(pyramid1);
world.addChild(cube);
world.setActiveCamera(camera);
worldTransform.postTranslate(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
lightTransform.postTranslate(0.0f, 0.0f, 10.0f);
graphics3D.resetLights();
graphics3D.addLight(light, lightTransform);
float aspect = (float) getWidth() / (float) getHeight();
camera.setPerspective(60.0f, aspect, 1.0f, 1000.0f);
cameraTransform.postTranslate(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
graphics3D.setCamera(camera, cameraTransform);
protected void paint(Graphics g)
graphics3D.bindTarget(g);
try
graphics3D.clear(null);
graphics3D.render(world, worldTransform);
finally
graphics3D.releaseTarget();
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import java.lang.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.microedition.m3g.*;
public class Cube extends Group
private short size;
private Image[] images;
private VertexBuffer vertexBuffer; // positions, normals, colors, texcoords
private IndexBuffer indexBuffer; // indices to vertexBuffer, formingtriangle strips
private Appearance appearance; // material, texture, compositing, ...
private Material material = new Material();
private Mesh mesh;
private Image iImage;
short[] vert = {
1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, 1,-1, 1, -1,-1, 1, // front
-1, 1,-1, 1, 1,-1, -1,-1,-1, 1,-1,-1, // back
-1, 1, 1, -1, 1,-1, -1,-1, 1, -1,-1,-1, // left
1, 1,-1, 1, 1, 1, 1,-1,-1, 1,-1, 1, // right
1, 1,-1, -1, 1,-1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, // top
1,-1, 1, -1,-1, 1, 1,-1,-1, -1,-1,-1 }; // bottom
byte[] norm = {
0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127,
0, 0,-127, 0, 0,-127, 0, 0,-127, 0, 0,-127,
-127, 0, 0, -127, 0, 0, -127, 0, 0, -127, 0, 0,
127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0,
0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0, 0, 127, 0,
0,-127, 0, 0,-127, 0, 0,-127, 0, 0,-127, 0 };
short[] tex = {
1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1,
1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1 };
int[] stripLen = { 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4 };
//public Cube(short s, Image[] i)
public Cube()
try
//size = s;
//images = i;
VertexArray vertArray = new VertexArray(vert.length / 3, 3, 2);
vertArray.set(0, vert.length/3, vert);
VertexArray normArray = new VertexArray(norm.length / 3, 3, 1);
normArray.set(0, norm.length/3, norm);
VertexArray texArray = new VertexArray(tex.length / 2, 2, 2);
texArray.set(0, tex.length/2, tex);
VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer();
vertexBuffer.setPositions(vertArray, 1.0f, null); // unit scale, zerobias
vertexBuffer.setNormals(normArray);
vertexBuffer.setTexCoords(0, texArray, 1.0f, null); // unit scale, zerobias
indexBuffer = new TriangleStripArray( 0, stripLen );
iImage = Image.createImage( "/images/texture.png" );
Image2D image2D = new Image2D( Image2D.RGB, iImage );
Texture2D texture = new Texture2D( image2D );
texture.setFiltering(Texture2D.FILTER_NEAREST, Texture2D.FILTER_NEAREST);
texture.setWrapping(Texture2D.WRAP_CLAMP, Texture2D.WRAP_CLAMP);
texture.setBlending(Texture2D.FUNC_MODULATE);
appearance = new Appearance();
appearance.setTexture(0, texture);
appearance.setMaterial(material);
material.setColor(Material.DIFFUSE, 0xFFFFFFFF); // white
material.setColor(Material.SPECULAR, 0xFFFFFFFF); // white
material.setShininess(100.0f);
mesh = new Mesh(vertexBuffer, indexBuffer, appearance);
addChild(mesh);
catch(Exception e)
e.printStackTrace();
public short getSize()
return size;
public Image[] getImages()
return images;
import javax.microedition.lcdui.*;
import javax.microedition.m3g.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.microedition.midlet.*;
public class Pyramid extends Group
Appearance appearance = new Appearance();
IndexBuffer triangles = null;
VertexBuffer vertices = new VertexBuffer();
Mesh mesh;
public Pyramid(int color)
// Appearance and materials;
Material material = new Material();
appearance.setMaterial(material);
material.setColor(Material.DIFFUSE, color ); // yellow
// coordinates - These are the vertex positions
short[] coordinates = { -1, -2, -1,     1, -2, -1,     0, 2, -1 };
VertexArray vaCoordinates = new VertexArray( (coordinates.length/3), 3, 2);
vaCoordinates.set(0, (coordinates.length/3), coordinates);
vertices.setPositions(vaCoordinates, 1, null);
// Normals - first two point back at the light, the last normal points down just as an experiment
byte[] normals = { 0, 0, 127,    0, 0, 127,    0, -128, 0 };
VertexArray vaNormals = new VertexArray( (normals.length/3), 3, 1);
vaNormals.set(0, (normals.length/3), normals);
vertices.setNormals(vaNormals);
int[] coordIndex = {3};
triangles = new TriangleStripArray(0, coordIndex);
VertexBuffer vertexBuffer = new VertexBuffer();
vertexBuffer.setPositions(vaCoordinates, 1.0f, null); // unit scale, zerobias
vertexBuffer.setNormals(vaNormals);
mesh = new Mesh(vertexBuffer, triangles, appearance);
addChild(mesh);
Remeber that the cube uses the png mentioned above