Difference between Field symbols and work area for Internal tables

Hi,
In ECC versions we all know that we need to declare the internal tables without headerline, and for handling the internal tables we need to use exclusive work areas.
Currently i have an issue that we have been asked to use field symbols instead of work areas...can any one help me how to use the field symbols and also let me know how it will improve the performance of the program..
Thanks and Regards,
Kathir

Hi
DATA: WA TYPE ITAB.
LOOP AT ITAB INTO WA.
IF WA-FIELD = .....
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.[(code]
FIELD-SYMBOLS <WA> TYPE ANY.
LOOP AT ITAB ASSIGNING <WA>.
ENDLOOP.
Now the problem is you can't know the name of the fields of the table at runtime, so you can't write:
IF <WA>-FIELD = .....
ENDIF.
Anyway you can create a field-symbols strcturated like the table:
[code]FIELD-SYMBOLS <WA> TYPE ITAB.
LOOP AT ITAB ASSIGNING <WA>.
IF <WA>-FIELD = .....
ENDIF.
ENDLOOP.
I don't know which are the differences for the performance between to use a field-symbol and to use a structure as work-area.
The differnce between the field-symbols and work-area is the field-symbol is assigned directly to the record, so u don't need to do a MODIFY statament to change something:
LOOP AT ITAB INTO WA.
WA-FIELD =
MODIFY ITAB FROM WA.
ENDLOOP.
LOOP AT ITAB ASSIGNING <WA>.
<WA>-FIELD =
ENDLOOP.
These two pieces of abap code do the same action, so probably the field-symbol improve the performance because it do an access directly to the record without to use an external structure as workarea.
Max

Similar Messages

Difference between Field symbols and field group

Hi experts,
Can you please advice me what is the difference between field symbols and field groups.
Thanks in advance,
Logu.

Field symbols: are placeholders or symbolic names for other fields. They do not physically reserve space for a field, but point to its contents. A field symbol cam point to any data object. The data object to which a field symbol points is assigned to it after it has been declared in the program.
Whenever you address a field symbol in a program, you are addressing the field that is assigned to the field symbol. After successful assignment, there is no difference in ABAP whether you reference the field symbol or the field itself. You must assign a field to each field symbol before you can address the latter in programs.
Field Groups:
A field group is a user-defined grouping of characteristics and basic key figures from the EC-EIS or EC-BP field catalog.
Use
The field catalog contains the fields that are used in the aspects. As the number of fields grows, the field catalog becomes very large and unclear. To simplify maintenance of the aspects, you can group fields in a field group. You can group the fields as you wish, for example, by subject area or responsibility area. A field may be included in several field groups.
When maintaining the data structure of an aspect, you can select the field group that contains the relevant characteristics and basic key figures. This way you limit the number of fields offered.
A field group combines several existing fields together under one name
like
FIELD-GROUPS: fg.
then you can use one insert statement to insert values in fields of field-group.
INSERT f1 f2 ... INTO fg.
Field symbols
If u have experience with 'C', then understand this to be similar to a pointer.
It is used to reference another variable dynamically. So this field symbol will simply point to some other variable. and this pointer can be changed at runtime.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <FS>.
DATA FIELD VALUE 'X'.
ASSIGN FIELD TO <FS>.
WRITE <FS>.
Field symbols: are placeholders or symbolic names for other fields. They do not physically reserve space for a field, but point to its contents. A field symbol cam point to any data object. The data object to which a field symbol points is assigned to it after it has been declared in the program.
Whenever you address a field symbol in a program, you are addressing the field that is assigned to the field symbol. After successful assignment, there is no difference in ABAP whether you reference the field symbol or the field itself. You must assign a field to each field symbol before you can address the latter in programs.
Field Groups:
A field group is a user-defined grouping of characteristics and basic key figures from the EC-EIS or EC-BP field catalog.
Use
The field catalog contains the fields that are used in the aspects. As the number of fields grows, the field catalog becomes very large and unclear. To simplify maintenance of the aspects, you can group fields in a field group. You can group the fields as you wish, for example, by subject area or responsibility area. A field may be included in several field groups.
When maintaining the data structure of an aspect, you can select the field group that contains the relevant characteristics and basic key figures. This way you limit the number of fields offered.
example :
DATA: BEGIN OF SPTAB OCCURS 0,
line(1000), " or type string
END OF SPTAB.
DATA: IDX LIKE SY-INDEX.
field-symbols <FS1>.
split tb_sip AT ';' INTO table sptab.
LOOP AT SPTAB.
IDX = IDX + 1.
ASSIGN COMPONENT IDX OF STRUCTURE tb_detsip TO <FS1>.
If sy-subrc = 0.
<FS1> = SPTAB-line.
Endif.
Endloop.
append tb_detsip.
clear idx.
Field Groups / Extracts
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/EN/9f/db9ede35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm
Field Symbols
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/EN/fc/eb387a358411d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm
Reward points if useful.

Difference between Field symbols and Field groups

Hi Friends,
can you tell me the differences between Field symbols and Field groups? with any examples preferably?
Regards
Dinesh

Hi Dinesh,
A field group combines several existing fields together under one name
like
FIELD-GROUPS: fg.
then you can use one insert statement to insert values in fields of field-group.
INSERT f1 f2 ... INTO fg.
Field symbols
If u have experience with 'C', then understand this to be similar to a pointer.
It is used to reference another variable dynamically. So this field symbol will simply point to some other variable. and this pointer can be changed at runtime.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <FS>.
DATA FIELD VALUE 'X'.
ASSIGN FIELD TO <FS>.
WRITE <FS>.
Field symbols: are placeholders or symbolic names for other fields. They do not physically reserve space for a field, but point to its contents. A field symbol cam point to any data object. The data object to which a field symbol points is assigned to it after it has been declared in the program.
Whenever you address a field symbol in a program, you are addressing the field that is assigned to the field symbol. After successful assignment, there is no difference in ABAP whether you reference the field symbol or the field itself. You must assign a field to each field symbol before you can address the latter in programs.
Field Groups:
A field group is a user-defined grouping of characteristics and basic key figures from the EC-EIS or EC-BP field catalog.
Use
The field catalog contains the fields that are used in the aspects. As the number of fields grows, the field catalog becomes very large and unclear. To simplify maintenance of the aspects, you can group fields in a field group. You can group the fields as you wish, for example, by subject area or responsibility area. A field may be included in several field groups.
When maintaining the data structure of an aspect, you can select the field group that contains the relevant characteristics and basic key figures. This way you limit the number of fields offered.
Field Groups / Extracts
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/EN/9f/db9ede35c111d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm
Field Symbols
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_46c/helpdata/EN/fc/eb387a358411d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm
Reward points if helpful.
Regards,
Hemant

The type of the database table and work area (or internal table)...

Hello
I am trying to use a database and select all records from it and store them into an internal table.
My code:
Select * from xixi_dbcurrency into table gt_currency.
The error:
"The type of the database table and work area (or internal table) "GT_CURRENCY" are not Unicode-convertible . . . . . . . . . .     "
Any suggestions?
Thank you

Hi Thomas,
Thank you for your inputs above.
But as you suggested is we use INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE then it resolve the error.
But I have below piece of code:
DATA:    it_new_source TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF _ty_s_sc_1,
              wa_source TYPE _ty_s_sc_1,
              wa_new_source TYPE _ty_s_sc_1,
              ls_target_key TYPE t_target_key.
SELECT * INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE it_new_source
       FROM /bic/afao06pa100
       FOR ALL ENTRIES IN SOURCE_PACKAGE
       where /bic/fcckjobno = SOURCE_PACKAGE-/bic/fcckjobno
       and /bic/fcckjitid = SOURCE_PACKAGE-/bic/fcckjitid.
But since this is reading into corresponding fields of table the data load from one DSO to other DOS is running for long more that 15 hours and still not getting completed and giving dump.
So if I switch the search to below:
SELECT * FROM /bic/afao06pa100
   INTO TABLE it_new_source
       FOR ALL ENTRIES IN SOURCE_PACKAGE
       where /bic/fcckjobno = SOURCE_PACKAGE-/bic/fcckjobno
       and /bic/fcckjitid = SOURCE_PACKAGE-/bic/fcckjitid.
Then I am getting below error:E:The type of the database table and work area (or internal table) "IT_NEW_SOURCE" are not Unicode convertible.
Can you please advice on this, as performance need to improve in start routine code.
Thank You.

The difference between FIELD-SYMBOL and normal DATA TYPE

Dear experts,
Please see the example below, both are output the same result.
DATA: EXTERNAL_RECORD(4000),
 POSITION TYPE I,
 LENGTH TYPE N,
 ENTRY TYPE STRING.
EXTERNAL_RECORD = '0005Smith0007Edwards0005Young'.
DO.
LENGTH = EXTERNAL_RECORD+POSITION(4).
IF LENGTH = 0.
 EXIT.
ENDIF.
ADD 4 TO POSITION.
MOVE EXTERNAL_RECORD+POSITION(LENGTH) TO ENTRY.
WRITE ENTRY.
ADD LENGTH TO POSITION.
IF POSITION >= 4000.
 EXIT.
ENDIF.
ENDDO.
--OR It can be written as--
DATA: EXTERNAL_RECORD(4000),
 POSITION TYPE I,
 LENGTH TYPE N.
FIELD-SYMBOLS <ENTRY>.
EXTERNAL_RECORD = '0005Smith0007Edwards0005Young'.
DO.
LENGTH = EXTERNAL_RECORD+POSITION(4).
IF LENGTH = 0.
 EXIT.
ENDIF.
ADD 4 TO POSITION.
ASSIGN EXTERNAL_RECORD+POSITION(LENGTH) TO <ENTRY>.
WRITE <ENTRY>.
ADD LENGTH TO POSITION.
IF POSITION >= 4000.
 EXIT.
ENDIF.
ENDDO.
Is there any special circumstances we need to use FIELD-SYMBOL?
Why is FIELD-SYMBOL is introduce in the first place?
Kindly advice with example.
Thanks in advance for those who can help me on this.

HI,
You can use field symbols to make the program more dynamic. In this example the name of a table control is substituted by a field symbol. Thus you cal call the form with any internal table, using the name of the table control as a parameter.
Example
form insert_row
using p_tc_name.
field-symbols <tc> type cxtab_control. "Table control
assign (p_tc_name) to <tc>.
insert 100 lines in table control
<tc>-lines = 100.
Field symbols allow you to:
** Assign an alias to a data object(for example, a shortened
 name for data objects structured through several hierarchies
 - <fs>-f instead of rec1-rec2-rec3-f)
** Set the offset and length for a string variably at runtime
** Set a pointer to a data object that you determine at runtime (dynamic ASSIGN)
** Adopt or change the type of a field dynamically at runtime
** Access components of a structure
** (from Release 4.5A) Point to lines of an internal table
 (process internal tables without a separate work area)
Field symbols in ABAP are similar to pointers in other programming
languages. However, pointers (as used in PASCAL or C) differ from ABAP
field symbols in their reference syntax.
The statement ASSIGN f to <fs> assigns the field f to field
symbol <fs>. The field symbol <fs> then "points" to the
contents of field f at runtime. This means that all changes to the
contents of f are visible in <fs> and vice versa. You declare
the field symbol <fs> using the statement FIELD-SYMBOLS: <fs>.
Reference syntax
Programming languages such as PASCAL and C use a dereferencing symbol
to indicate the difference between a reference and the object to which
it refers; so PASCAL would use p^ for a pointer instead of p, C would
use *p instead of p. ABAP does not have any such dereferencing symbol.
** In PASCAL or C, if you assign a pointer p1 to a pointer p2,
you force p1 to point to the object to which p2 refers (reference semantics).
** In ABAP, if you assign a field symbol <fs1> to a field
symbol <fs2>, <fs1> takes the value of the data object to
which <fs2> refers (value semantics).
** Field symbols in ABAP are always dereferenced, that is,
they always access the referenced data object. If you want to
change the reference yourself in ABAP, you can use the ASSIGN statement
to assign field symbol <fs1> to field symbol <fs2>.
Using field symbols
You declare field symbols using the FIELD-SYMBOLS statement.
They may be declared either with or without a specific type.
At runtime you assign a field to the field symbol using the ASSIGN
statement. All of the operations on the field symbol act on the field
assigned to it.
When you assign a field to an untyped field symbol, the field symbol
adopts the type of the field. If, on the other hand, you want to assign
a field to a typed field symbol, the type of the field and that of the
field symbol must be compatible.
A field symbol can point to any data object and from Release 4.5A,
they can also point to lines of internal tables.
The brackets (<>) are part of the syntax.
Use the expression <fs> IS ASSIGNED to find out whether the field
symbol <fs> is assigned to a field.
The statement UNASSIGN <fs> sets the field symbol <fs> so
that it points to nothing. The logical expression <fs>
IS ASSIGNED is then false. The corresponding negative expression
is IF NOT <fs> IS ASSIGNED.
An unassigned field symbol <fs> behaves as a constant with
type C(1) and initial value SPACE.
MOVE <fs>
TO dest Transfers the initial value SPACE to the variable dest
MOVE 'A' to <fs>
Not possible, since <fs> is a constant
(runtime error).
To lift a type restriction, use the CASTING addition in the
ASSIGN statement. The data object is then interpreted as though
it had the data type of the field symbol. You can also do this
with untyped field symbols using the CASTING TYPE <type> addition.
The danger with pointers is that they may point to invalid areas.
This danger is not so acute in ABAP, because the language does not
use address arithmetic (for example, in other languages, pointer p
might point to address 1024. After the statement p = p + 10, it would
point to the address 1034). However, the danger does still exist, and
memory protection violations lead to runtime errors.
A pointer in ABAP may not point beyond a segment boundary. ABAP does
not have one large address space, but rather a set of segments.
Each of the following has its own segment:
* All global data
* All local data
* Each table work area (TABLES)
* Each COMMON PART
You should only let field symbols move within an elementary field or
structure where ABAP allows you to assign both within the global data
and beyond a field boundary.
Rgds
Umakanth

Working Area for Internal Table

Hi,
i know that process of internal table if it is with headerline but i don't know how the data pass to our internal table if it is with out header line plzz give me the example code for that.
Thanks in advance

The following example shows two programs with the same function. One uses a header line, the other does not.
With header line:
TYPES: BEGIN OF LINE,
COL1 TYPE I,
COL2 TYPE I,
END OF LINE.
DATA ITAB TYPE HASHED TABLE OF LINE WITH UNIQUE KEY COL1
WITH HEADER LINE.
DO 4 TIMES.
ITAB-COL1 = SY-INDEX.
ITAB-COL2 = SY-INDEX ** 2.
INSERT TABLE ITAB.
ENDDO.
ITAB-COL1 = 2.
READ TABLE ITAB FROM ITAB.
ITAB-COL2 = 100.
MODIFY TABLE ITAB.
ITAB-COL1 = 4.
DELETE TABLE ITAB.
LOOP AT ITAB.
WRITE: / ITAB-COL1, ITAB-COL2.
ENDLOOP.
Without header line:
TYPES: BEGIN OF LINE,
COL1 TYPE I,
COL2 TYPE I,
END OF LINE.
DATA: ITAB TYPE HASHED TABLE OF LINE WITH UNIQUE KEY COL1,
WA LIKE LINE OF ITAB.
DO 4 TIMES.
WA-COL1 = SY-INDEX.
WA-COL2 = SY-INDEX ** 2.
INSERT WA INTO TABLE ITAB.
ENDDO.
WA-COL1 = 2.
READ TABLE ITAB FROM WA INTO WA.
WA-COL2 = 100.
MODIFY TABLE ITAB FROM WA.
WA-COL1 = 4.
DELETE TABLE ITAB FROM WA.
LOOP AT ITAB INTO WA.
WRITE: / WA-COL1, WA-COL2.
ENDLOOP.
The list, in both cases, appears as follows:
1 1
2 100
3 9

Difference between fields MENGE and MNGLG

Hi All,
Can any one explain me the difference between fields MENGE and MNGLG ( both are Component Qty).
I need to know this we are developing a report based on
CS12, CS13…and which one I need to consider.
Thanks for the help

Hi,
MNGLG field gives the calculated component quantity based on your input required quantity EMENG. The value of which will match with the production order. ( no rounding off )
EMENG is the quantity of the parent product that you want to produce and then the function module will return you with the quantities of each of the components required to make this quantity of the parent product. The fields MNGLG, MNGKO will give you the required component quantity in base unit of measure and component unit of measure(as per the BOM).
Regards,
Narresh

Diff between header line and work area.

Diff between header line and work area.

Hi,
These are table with header line.
DATA: T_TABLE type table of <table_name> with header line.
data: begin of t_table occurs 0,
 field1 type ...
 field2 type ...
 field3 type ...
 end of t_table.
The result is:
TABLE
FIELD NAME |FIELD1|FIELD2|FIELD3|
HEADER LINE |EE1 |EE2 |EE3 | <---- Line 5 content
 1|AA1 |AA2 |AA3 |
 2|BB1 |BB2 |BB3 |
 3|CC1 |CC2 |CC3 |
 4|DD1 |DD2 |DD3 |
 5|EE1 |EE2 |EE3 |
These are table without header line.
DATA: T_TABLE type table of <table_name>.
DATA: T_TABLEX LIKE TABLE OF t_table.
The result is:
TABLE
FIELD NAME |FIELD1|FIELD2|FIELD3|
 0|--- |--- |--- | <---- No header Line
 1|AA1 |AA2 |AA3 |
 2|BB1 |BB2 |BB3 |
 3|CC1 |CC2 |CC3 |
 4|DD1 |DD2 |DD3 |
 5|EE1 |EE2 |EE3 |
These are work areas:
Tables <table>.
DATA: wa type <table>.
DATA: wa like t_table.
DATA: wa type line of <table>.
The result is:
WORK AREA
|EE1 |EE2 |EE3 | <---- Content
Regards.
Marcelo Ramos

What is difference between additive delta and new status for change record

Hi Experts
Can any one explain me about the difference between additive delta and new status for change record with example
if any one has a document please post it iam thank full to u
thanks
Ahmed
Please search the forum before posting a thread
Edited by: Pravender on Feb 12, 2012 1:54 PM

Hi
Additive delta --- We will get the changed quantity.
say suppose you have sales order and quantity like 1111 30 which is loaded to cube(BW).
now same record qty has changed from 30 to 40. As we have additive delta, we will get new record as 1111 10.
new status for change record: This is same as like After image delta type in standard SAP data sources. for every change in record you should have new record.
say if you have any number which will be generated by system for new/changed record, then you can use this.
You can use this option when delta option set to "numeric pointer"
Regards,
Venkatesh

What's the difference between the LRU and NRU strategy for stateful session bean?

Hi,
Does anybody know the difference between the LRU and NRU strategy for
stateful session bean?
Thanks,
Levi

LRU makes the assumption that the bean that has been used a lot recently is
likely to be used again.
NRU simply removes the beans that have not been used for a stipulated amount
of time.
The algorithm for the LRU is much more complicated than the NRU. I think BEA
recommends LRU for better performance and NRU when you have memory
constraints.
"levi" <[email protected]> wrote in message
news:[email protected]..
Hi,
Does anybody know the difference between the LRU and NRU strategy for
stateful session bean?
Thanks,
Levi

Difference between current row and previous row in a table

Hi All,
I am having a problem with the query. Can some of please help me?
I need to get difference between current row and previous row in a table. I have a table, which have data like bellow.
TABLEX
================
Name Date Items
AAA 01-SEP-09 100
BBB 02-SEP-09 101
CCC 03-SEP-09 200
DDD 04-SEP-09 200
EEE 05-SEP-09 400
Now I need to get output like bellow...
Name Date Items Diff-Items
AAA 01-SEP-09 100 0
BBB 02-SEP-09 101 1
CCC 03-SEP-09 200 99
DDD 04-SEP-09 200 0
EEE 05-SEP-09 400 200
Can some one help me to write a query to get above results?
Please let me know if you need more information.
Thanks a lot in advance.
We are using Oracle10G(10.2.0.1.0).
Thanks
Asif

     , nvl (items - lag (items) over (order by dt), 0)like in
SQL> with test as
2 (
3 select 'AAA' name, to_date('01-SEP-09', 'dd-MON-rr') dt, 100 items from dual union all
4 select 'BBB' name, to_date('02-SEP-09', 'dd-MON-rr') dt, 101 items from dual union all
5 select 'CCC' name, to_date('03-SEP-09', 'dd-MON-rr') dt, 200 items from dual union all
6 select 'DDD' name, to_date('04-SEP-09', 'dd-MON-rr') dt, 200 items from dual union all
7 select 'EEE' name, to_date('05-SEP-09', 'dd-MON-rr') dt, 400 items from dual
8 )
9 select name
10       , dt
11       , items
12       , nvl (items - lag (items) over (order by dt), 0)
13    from test
14 ;
NAM DT             ITEMS NVL(ITEMS-LAG(ITEMS)OVER(ORDERBYDT),0)
AAA 01-SEP-09        100                                      0
BBB 02-SEP-09        101                                      1
CCC 03-SEP-09        200                                     99
DDD 04-SEP-09        200                                      0
EEE 05-SEP-09        400                                    200
SQL>

The work area (or internal table) "IT_ZLE_LAGERPLANUNG" is not flat,

***Data declaration
TYPES : BEGIN OF t_zle_lagerplanung,
           SEl,                               "stores which row user has selected
           kdauf TYPE zle_lagerplanung-kdauf,
           kdpos TYPE zle_lagerplanung-kdpos,
           etenr TYPE zle_lagerplanung-etenr,
           papiermaschine TYPE zle_lagerplanung-papiermaschine,
           runnr TYPE zle_lagerplanung-runnr,
           prio TYPE zle_lagerplanung-prio,
           werk TYPE zle_lagerplanung-werk,
           durchmesser TYPE zle_lagerplanung-durchmesser,
           breite TYPE zle_lagerplanung-breite,
           anzle TYPE zle_lagerplanung-anzle,
         occupied TYPE zle_lagerplanung-text30,
         free TYPE zle_lagerplanung-text30,
           lgpla TYPE zle_lagerplanung-lgpla,
           lgtyp TYPE zle_lagerplanung-lgtyp,
           art TYPE zle_lagerplanung-art,
           anzhoehe TYPE zle_lagerplanung-anzle,
         zindicator TYPE zle_lagerplanung-text30,
           fa TYPE zle_lagerplanung-fa,
           field_style TYPE lvc_t_styl, "FOR DISABLE
END OF t_zle_lagerplanung.
I am getting the data in internal table by using thiis select statement.
SELECT kdauf kdpos etenr papiermaschine runnr prio werk durchmesser breite
         anzle lgpla lgtyp art anzhoehe fa
    FROM zle_lagerplanung INTO CORRESPONDING FIELDS OF TABLE it_zle_lagerplanung
   WHERE kdauf IN s_kdauf
"     AND kdpos = p_kdpos
      AND KDPOS IN s_kdpos
     AND werk = p_werks.
But while updating the particular field in ztable using this statement
      UPDATE zle_lagerplanung from table it_zle_lagerplanung.
it is giving syntax error
"The work area (or internal table) "IT_ZLE_LAGERPLANUNG" is not flat, or
contains reference or internal tables as components. components.
components. components. components."
Could any one help me out how to resolve this problem....
Thanks in advance

Hi Shyamal,
lvc_s_styl is a structure so you will get the same error.
for your select and update statement you dont need field "field_style".
regards
rea

What Is The Difference Between Budget Cost And Regular Cost For Resources?

What's the difference betwee budget cost and regular cost for resources?
Here is the explanation which I didn't understand from the book;
In planning your departmental retreat, suppose you
have specific budget targets
for certain cost categories, $2,500
for travel expenses, $500 for printing,
and $1,000 for conference room rentals. Using Project’s budget resource
feature, you can define your budget
for different categories
of items. You can then group your resources to
com-pare your budgeted
costs to your planned costs. This way, you
can view your travel budget
of $2,500 side by side with your planned
costs of, say, $3,700,
and immedi- ately see that your next
goal is to find a way to trim those travel
costs.

Hi,
You have to differenciate the proejct budget from the project cost:
The project budget is the amount of money which has been allocated to your project by the executive board based on the estimation you provided. This is not meant to be changed unless you go through a change request process, justifying why you need to change
(increase) the budget, meaning asking more money. Consequently it will not be related in MS Project with the tasks, assignments. It is entered on the project summary and can be meanly used in portfolio reports where you can consolidate yours budgets (you can
have several different budgets) among a set of projects.
The project cost is something which lives, changes along the project lifecycle. It is meant to be updated on a weekly or biweekly basis from the team members tasks updates approved by the project manager. Then the PM updates the remaining work thus the project
cost.
Hope this helps,
Guillaume Rouyre, MBA, MVP, P-Seller |
You say that the budget cost is total money which committee gave you for the project.
But the book refer budget cost for every resource. I don't understand that.
" In planning your departmental retreat, suppose you
have specific budget targets
for certain cost categories, $2,500
for travel expenses, $500 for printing,
and $1,000 for conference room rentals. Using Project’s budget resource
feature, you can define your budget
for different categories
of items. You can then group your resources to
com-pare your budgeted
costs to your planned costs. This way, you
can view your travel budget
of $2,500 side by side with your planned
costs of, say, $3,700,
and immedi- ately see that your next
goal is to find a way to trim those travel
costs. "
For example here travel budget cost is 2500 whereas planned cost is 3700. Planned cost of travel expense is created by the project manager. Who does define travel budget cost?
Let's say an employee's cost is 20 dollars per hour and I write it on the project. So how much is this employee's budget cost, Who does define it, From whom do I learn that data?

Performance Field Symbols Vs Work Area

Hi,
I want to some operations (Validations and Calculations) form each entry of internal table.
Which is better way to access the data in internal table either using field symbol or using work area?
I heard that using filed symbols is performance issue. May I know in which cases we should not use field symbols?
Regards,
Kumar

I do not think, the runtime creates a pointer to each line of the itab.
The developer creates ONE fieldsymbol ( for a loop for example ) --> a pointer, which is iteratively assigned, pointing to only one line at one time.
With the usage itself it seems to offer a benefit, which isn't really one, If You only read data.
People might say, You can omit a clear, if working with fieldsymbols.
But You have to add a check for sy-subrc, or You will suffer from a dump, which usually never happens, if working with work areas the same way, like fieldsymbols.
The real benefit only comes into play, if You want to modify the data in the internal table, because You are already acting on the line of the table (pointer to record n ), what allows You, to omit any modify to transfer changed values back to the internal table.
In terms of performance I must see it technically and I hope, someone can confirm/reject my statement, so that I (if I was wrong) could keep that in mind.
A fieldsymbol (lets talk about them in technical way, as a pointer) is in fact a variable, which holds an address of another variable( which itself also can hold an address and so on).
Pointers are either 4 byte or 8 byte. So, it does not matter, how much columns Your internal table has, technically the fieldsymbol is either 4 byte big or 8 byte big. And exactly this amount is used in the ram of the application server.
In fact pointers even do not have a type, as usual pointers are always integer.
A workarea is a linear, continous allocation of memory space, exacly matching the data-structure, which is used for declaration. So it is obvious, that this workarea uses much more memory of the ram, as long their elements exceed 4 / 8 bytes.
Still then it is not more performant, because changed data of a workarea has to be transferred to the internal table, (mostly, if one wants to modify), but with field-symbols this step is removed.
So in fact there are two technical reasons for using field-symbols.
One is, You save memory-space and the second is, You save the transferring.
In an even deeper way, one can say, that , by design, a cpu with its address bus is just intended to understand addresses best ( directly after 0 and 1 and hex ).

Difference between defining segment and maintaining segment for GL items

Hello All,
Can someone tell me the difference between 'Defining a Segment' (in enterprise structure) and 'Maintaining Segment for general ledger Items' (tcode FQ0300) and when is the later used?

Hi,
Segment reporting is part of functional reporting in sap. Segment reporting is required as per International Accounting Standard 14 for listed companies thats why it is defined in Enterprise structure .
Segment is maintained in profit
center master data from where it is derived, When you post to a GL account containing segment it gets posted to profit center. This is the basis purpose of maintaining segment at Gl account level. Segment reporting is gradually being replaced by business area. This is for you information.
Regards

Difference between Field symbols and work area for Internal tables

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