"Access was denied" trying to refresh Excel Services report data

Project Server 2010
In an Excel Services report, using a sample ODC file I've changed only trivially, during Data / Refresh All Connections:
Access was denied by the external data source. The following connections failed to refresh:
The short...
I've narrowed it down to the Data Refresh attempting to login with the
User ID of the connection string in the ODC file instead of the
credentials of the TargetApplication specified as the SSS ID.  SQL
Server logs confirm this.
Why does Excel Services refuse to use the TargetApplication
credentials and continuously attempt to use the User ID in the
connection string (but only for ODC's that have been slightly modified - see below)?
The long...
Excel Services, Secure Store, the Target
Application:"ProjectServerApplication", Trusted File Locations, Trusted
Data  Connection Libraries, a db_datareader Database user, and
Credentials for the Target Application have all been setup
and configured.
Accessing the Sample report "SimpleProjectsList" is successful. 
Adding a project, then "Data / Refresh All Connections" works and shows
the new project.
To verify; changed the credentials on the TargetApplication
"ProjectServerApplication" to something invalid, iisreset, Data /
Refresh All Connections, correctly failed.
Set credentials correct and everything works fine again.
So that report is definitely using the TargetApplication, and the TargetApplication is definitely set with proper credentials.
Now the issue:
Creating any ODC file from scratch causes "Access was denied..".  Exporting the SimpleProjectsList ODC, making no changes,
uploading it, creating a report based on it - Access was denied. 
Editing the SimpleProjectsList
Excel file and removing a single space in the SQL to cause the ODC to
get detached.  Save As different report, open new report, refresh data -
Access was denied.
When looking at the SQL logs, with each "Access was denied" was a "Login failed for user 'joeblow'. ..."
'joeblow' is the SQL Server user configured in the data connection string for User ID that is for use directly in Excel - NOT the TargetApplication.
I can reproduce the exact same scenario using an unattended service account.
Why does Excel Services refuse to use the TargetApplication credentials?
Thanks-
Mike

Hi Mike,
I think this issue shouldn't be related to SharePoint running in Azure, could you please check the SharePoint ULS log (may enable Verbose level log) if there are more detailed errors for helping to solve this issue?
Meanwhile please also check if the data connection file is setup correctly per the following article.
http://whitepages.unlimitedviz.com/2010/12/connecting-to-cubes-and-external-data-with-excel-in-sharepoint/
Thanks,
Daniel Yang
Forum Support
Please remember to mark the replies as answers if they help and unmark them if they provide no help. If you have feedback for TechNet Subscriber Support contact [email protected] 
Daniel Yang
TechNet Community Support

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