BAM in studio

I am unable to see BAM results/values inside of studio
Is there a configuration to see BAM details inside studio?
Can we see BAM values inside of a studio Or do we have to use Enterprise Server to see them?
Edited by: user8752903 on Jan 7, 2010 1:34 PM

The BAM data is available in studio but you have to activate for your project, in engine preferences you have a section called BAM and a check box to activate the BAM, also you specify the refresh rate, by default is 60 seconds and the time the instances remain in the end activity before the disposer delete them
Regards

Similar Messages

  • Empty tabs in BAM Active Studio (SOA Suite 11.1.1.3)

    Hi all,
    I experienced an issue with BAM Active Studio and the SUN jdk 1.60_18 in SOA Suite 11.1.1.3. When I click "edit view" in a report, the "Data" tabs are all empty. The issue only occurs with the bundled SUN jdk 1.60_18 (under Windows 7). It does not occur when using the bundled jrockit 1.60_17.

    Hi,
    I successfully installed SOA Suite 11.1.1.3 too on windows 2003server
    I first Installed oracle database11.2.0.2
    then Created RCU - 11.1.1.2.1 using prefix "DEV",but no use the RCU 11.1.1.3
    after Installed WLS 10.3.3 full install
    Finally Installed SOA Suite 11.1.1.2.0 in the middleware home created in Step 3
    and Upgraded SOA Suite from 11.1.1.2 to 11.1.1.3
    so we hava the same steps.I run the em and console successful,and all the soa Components are run Operating normally!
    and I found not any different between RCU 11.1.1.2.1 and RCU 11.1.1.3 on install soa suite.
    I want to know you to Exchange our soa Experience!

  • BAM Active Studio bug

    I am unable to see the Data Objects/Fields/Sort/Filter/Top N/Calculation/Drilling in the tabbed pane of the Updating Ordered List in the Oracle BAM Active Studio. This looks like a bug. How can I fix it. I am using 11.1.1.2 version. Please advise.
    Thanks

    This appears to be the Sun jdk issue covered in another thread. See REQD for Fresh BAM Install 11.1.1.3.0 -Data labels missing issue
    Change the jdk and it should work.

  • BAM - Acrive Studio - Browser Error in filter

    In Acrive Studio (BAM 11g) I must create a graphic on specific value of BI
    But when I click on "filter" I have an browser error and I show blank area.
    The error is :
    Messaggio: Previsto ';'
    Linea: 50
    Carattere: 85
    Codice: 0
    URI: http://atenei02.private.cineca.it:7052/OracleBAM/8533/activestudio/default.jsp
    Messaggio: 'g_strFilterNodeName' non è definito
    Linea: 61
    Carattere: 2
    Codice: 0
    URI: http://atenei02.private.cineca.it:7052/OracleBAM/8533/shared/scripts/filtereditor/Filter.htc
    Someone can help me ...
    Thanks
    Elena

    Hi Luciano,
    I explain you
    In BAM --> Active Studio --> Create new report --> select data object (setp 1) --> select data object fields ( step2)
    --> Other function ( step 3) --> create filter.
    Now , when I select "create filter" in the bottom bar of the browser show a warning simbol (!) and read "End". If I see the detail of the warning :
    Dettagli errore pagina Web
    Messaggio: Previsto ';'
    Linea: 50
    Carattere: 85
    Codice: 0
    URI: http://<server_url>/OracleBAM/8533/activestudio/default.jsp
    Messaggio: 'g_strFilterNodeName' non è definito
    Linea: 61
    Carattere: 2
    Codice: 0
    URI: http://<server_url>/OracleBAM/8533/shared/scripts/filtereditor/Filter.htc
    I can not select any option, I just delete and start over.
    In this way, I can not define the filters for graphics
    Thanks
    Elena
    P.S: Sorry for the late reply

  • Is it possible to import Reports in BAM Active Studio?

    Hi,
    i exported (saved as) a Report in BAM Active Studio as a .mht file. Now i'm searching for a possibility to import this Report on another Server. There seems to be no way to import it directly. Even on the file system is no folder where it can be placed. I thought that BAM Active Studio may recognize it and import it automatically.
    Regards
    Frank

    Hi Frank
    I am not familiar with .mht file. BUT any BAM Stuff like BAM Reports, Data Objects (Single or All) can be Exported and Imported using a command called icommand. I sue this to Export from one Env like Dev or QC and Import into Production. Here is link for more details.
    http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E17904_01/integration.1111/e10224/bam_icommand.htm
    Thanks
    Ravi Jegga

  • BAM desing studio(EL) ora.oledb issue

    hi,
    i got an error while using ora.oledb to connect my XE db from OLEDB source in BAM desing studio(EL), same error while using base view of EL.refer some tutorial of same nature.External DataSource from BAM architect is working.but error when using OLEDB source in EL.
    the error is:
    Description: ORA-12541: TNS:no listener
    Source: OraOLEDB
    HRESULT: 0x80004005, Minor Code: 12541
    parameters:
    Provider:OraOLEDB.Oracle
    Server:localhost:1521
    Source: OraOLEDB
    Database/Catalog: xe
    Username: soademo
    Password: soademo

    Thanks Sanjeev for your prompt reply.
    I did not see anything mentioned about the support not provided for JMS Queue. However, I will try the same using topic now. My company is Hitachi Consulting and we are implementing BPEL and BAM one of clients in Dallas. It will be really helpfull if I can be referred to anybody local who can help us out with issues.
    Also, for JMS Topic while publishing sensor data to JMS Topic how to we provide value for Durable Subcriber Name so that in BAM configuration it can match the same and would be able to subscribe to topic.
    I am also trying to read messages from AQ using OAS 10.1.0.2 following the technote I am not quite sure if I need opmn.jar file. I could not locate jar file on OAS or standalone installation.

  • Error of New report creation in BAM Active Studio

    I just installed Oracle BAM. I entered in WEB-interface and selected Active Studio.
    Then I pressed "Create a New report" Button. I've had the following message report:
    The Data Object was deleted.
    What shall I do to fix this problem? The error details see below.
    Exception Message:
    The data object "_Custom_Parameters" does not exist.
    Stack Trace:
    at Oracle.BAM.ActiveDataCache.DatasetSchema.Load()
    at Oracle.BAM.ActiveDataCache.DatasetSchema.Get(Dataset oDataset, Boolean bCache)
    at Oracle.BAM.ActiveDataCache.Dataset.LoadSchema(Boolean bCache)
    at Oracle.BAM.ActiveDataCache.Rowset..ctor(Context oContext, Modifier oModifier, Boolean bReadOnly, Row oLooksertRow, Boolean bIncludeAllColumns)
    at Oracle.BAM.ActiveDataCache.Rowset..ctor(Context oContext, Modifier oModifier)
    at Oracle.BAM.Middleware.Persistence.Parameters.CustomParameter.GetAllCustomParameterIDs(Context oContext)
    at Oracle.BAM.Middleware.ImportExport.ReportExporter.GetParametersXML(Int64 lReportId, Context oContext, IncludeCustomParameters eIncludeCustomParameters)
    at Oracle.BAM.ActiveStudio.ReportEditor.EditReport()
    Debugging Information:
    The data object "_Custom_Parameters" does not exist. [ErrorSource="ActiveDataCache", ErrorID="ADCDataSetNotFound"] Debugging information: Oracle.BAM.ActiveDataCache.Common.Exceptions.DataObjectNotFoundException: The data object "_Custom_Parameters" does not exist.
    at Oracle.BAM.ActiveDataCache.DatasetSchema.Load()
    at Oracle.BAM.ActiveDataCache.DatasetSchema.Get(Dataset oDataset, Boolean bCache)
    at Oracle.BAM.ActiveDataCache.Dataset.LoadSchema(Boolean bCache)
    at Oracle.BAM.ActiveDataCache.Rowset..ctor(Context oContext, Modifier oModifier, Boolean bReadOnly, Row oLooksertRow, Boolean bIncludeAllColumns)
    at Oracle.BAM.ActiveDataCache.Rowset..ctor(Context oContext, Modifier oModifier)
    at Oracle.BAM.Middleware.Persistence.Parameters.CustomParameter.GetAllCustomParameterIDs(Context oContext)
    at Oracle.BAM.Middleware.ImportExport.ReportExporter.GetParametersXML(Int64 lReportId, Context oContext, IncludeCustomParameters eIncludeCustomParameters)
    at Oracle.BAM.ActiveStudio.ReportEditor.EditReport()
    Assembly: ActiveStudio
    State: Oracle.BAM.ActiveStudio.ReportEditor
    Event: EditReport
    xmlReportDef:
    <Report type="tiled"><Layout maximize="true"><View id="view1" top="0.0%" left="0.0%" width="100.0%" height="39.5%" /><View id="view2" top="40.5%" left="0.0%" width="100.0%" height="59.5%" /></Layout><Views><View id="view1" /><View id="view2" /></Views></Report>

    Looks like one of the system dataobjects wasn't properly loaded.
    I believe you have some/most tables for the Active Data Cache (populated during install) because it appears you are able to start the Oracle BAM Active Data Cache service and get to the Start Page.
    Here's the xml for the system dataobject that appears to be missing.
    Note: I assume you have version 10.1.2.1, the latest version of BAM.
    =========================
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <OracleBAMExport Version="862.0" Build="3.4.5109.0">
    <DataObject Version="14" Name="Custom Parameters" ID="_Custom_Parameters" Path="/System/Custom Parameters" External="0">
    <Layout>
    <Description><![CDATA[This data object contains user defined Custom Parameters that are available across all reports.]]></Description>
    <Column Name="Name" ID="_Name" Type="string" MaxSize="64" Nullable="0" Public="1" TipText="The name of the Custom Parameter that appears in reports." />
    <Column Name="Value" ID="_Value" Type="string" MaxSize="1000" Nullable="0" Public="1" TipText="The value of the Custom Parameter." />
    <Column Name="Description" ID="_Description" Type="string" MaxSize="1000" Nullable="1" Public="1" TipText="Optional long description." />
    <Indexes />
    </Layout>
    <Contents />
    </DataObject>
    </OracleBAMExport>
    ===========================
    Paste this into notepad and save as customparameters.xml
    Then import using DOS running this command:
    icommand cmd=import file=filename.xmlThen try to recreate the report again.
    Check that you have all system dataobjects in Architect:
    System\Alerts\External Actions
    System\Alerts\History
    System\Custom Parameters\Custom Parameters
    System\Views\Action Form Templates
    System\Views\Chart Themes
    System\Views\Matrix Themes
    System\Views\Util Templates
    Depending if you have installed and started the Oracle Plan Monitor service, you'll see this also:
    System\Plan Monitor\Oracle BAM Plan Monitor\Journal
    System\Plan Monitor\Oracle BAM Plan Monitor\Lock
    System\Plan Monitor\Oracle BAM Plan Monitor\Plan Status
    System\Plan Monitor\Oracle BAM Plan Monitor\Service Status
    ====================
    IF you have any missing system dataobjects, I would suggest drop the Oracle user account used to install BAM so you would delete all it's tables. Then recreate the same user account with resource and connect privileges. Then run cacheinit.exe from your OracleBAM\BAM directory. This will recreate the entire ADC for you.
    Sincerely,
    Michelle

  • BAM Active Studio - Group by

    Hi,
    I tried to design a report (Stacked Bar Chart) for my Data Object Employee (Salesname:string, salesarea:string, salesnumber:integer,timestamp:date).
    Now I'd like to group by Salesarea and show the chart values count(salesname) for
    each column. But that doesn't work. It says:" 'g_oGroupLevels' is undefined."
    One can only show the sum(salesnumber), no matter what column it is grouped by.
    When I group by Salesarea and select both count(salesname) and sum(salesnumber), it works.
    But I'd like to have it without the salesnumber.
    Is there a workaround to do this?

    hello again Sylvie- I tested the same steps on the new release and did not find the error you mentioned. IT works fine- I followed your exact steps. Can you verify your BAM version again. and retest. Or send a picture of your chart-dataobject selection and chart error to [email protected] [maybe I can just take a look, and maybeI cannot reproduce it]

  • How to access a Plan created in Enterprise Link Design Studio

    I have created a Plan in Design Studio of Enterprise Link and i would like to put it in a report which i am planning to create using BAM active studio. Can some body tell me how to access things created in Enterprise Link from active studio/architect.

    hi
    You have to create a plan to connect to the external message source, get the message and parse , and finally put it in the ADC data object (user created object). After this step, all your incoming messages will be in ADC data object. Only after getting the message into ADC object, you can use this object - you can create reports using this object.
    I have a few questions
    a) Can you identify your company. b) Have you taken the BAM training course c) These steps are given in training documents in lab 2-6 step by step.
    Do let me know if you need any help, contact directly at [email protected]

  • Error in BAM active studioOnly an adminstrator can impersonate another user

    Hi
    I have installed Oracle BAM on XP and tried to create a simple report using BAM Active studio. I have selected an object from sample folder ('Employees') and selected a simple report layout.I have done all the necessory steps mentioned in Developer user guide and when i clicked the 'Finish' Button I 'm getting the following error.
    Only an adminstrator can impersonate another user
    Details...
    Exception Message Only an administrator can impersonate another user.
    Stack Trace Server stack trace: at Oracle.BAM.ReportCache.Server.ReportCacheServer.OpenViewSet(ViewSetBuilderBase oViewSetBuilder) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.StackBuilderSink.PrivateProcessMessage(MethodBase mb, Object[] args, Object server, Int32 methodPtr, Boolean fExecuteInContext, Object[]& outArgs) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.StackBuilderSink.SyncProcessMessage(IMessage msg, Int32 methodPtr, Boolean fExecuteInContext) Exception rethrown at [0]: at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.HandleReturnMessage(IMessage reqMsg, IMessage retMsg) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.PrivateInvoke(MessageData& msgData, Int32 type) at Oracle.BAM.Middleware.ReportCache.IReportCache.OpenViewSet(ViewSetBuilderBase oViewSetBuilder) at Oracle.BAM.Middleware.ReportCache.RemoteReportCache.OpenViewSet(ViewSetBuilderBase oViewSetBuilder) at Oracle.BAM.ReportServer.DataManager.OpenViewSet(String strModifier, ViewSetBuilderBase oViewSetBuilder, String strUserName) at Oracle.BAM.ReportServer.List.RenderList(String strViewsetId, String strDataset, String strXmlModifier, String strXmlProperties, Boolean bActive, String strInEditor, Boolean bEmail, String strUserName, Int32 iRecordsLimit, Int32 iClientWidth, Int32 iClientHeight, Int32 iBrowserTimezoneOffset, String strActiveDataDelay, String strActionButtonsXML) ...
    Debugging Information Only an administrator can impersonate another user. [ErrorSource="ActiveDataCache", ErrorID="ADCCannotImpersonate"] Debugging information: Oracle.BAM.ActiveDataCache.Common.Exceptions.CacheException: Only an administrator can impersonate another user. Server stack trace: at Oracle.BAM.ReportCache.Server.ReportCacheServer.OpenViewSet(ViewSetBuilderBase oViewSetBuilder) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.StackBuilderSink.PrivateProcessMessage(MethodBase mb, Object[] args, Object server, Int32 methodPtr, Boolean fExecuteInContext, Object[]& outArgs) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Messaging.StackBuilderSink.SyncProcessMessage(IMessage msg, Int32 methodPtr, Boolean fExecuteInContext) Exception rethrown at [0]: at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.HandleReturnMessage(IMessage reqMsg, IMessage retMsg) at System.Runtime.Remoting.Proxies.RealProxy.PrivateInvoke(MessageData& msgData, Int32 type) at Oracle.BAM.Middleware.ReportCache.IReportCache.OpenViewSet(ViewSetBuilderBase oViewSetBuilder) at Oracle.BAM.Middleware.ReportCache.RemoteReportCache.OpenViewSet(ViewSetBuilderBase oViewSetBuilder) at Oracle.BAM.ReportServer.DataManager.OpenViewSet(String strModifier, ViewSetBuilderBase oViewSetBuilder, String strUserName) at Oracle.BAM.ReportServer.List.RenderList(String strViewsetId, String strDataset, String strXmlModifier, String strXmlProperties, Boolean bActive, String strInEditor, Boolean bEmail, String strUserName, Int32 iRecordsLimit, Int32 iClientWidth, Int32 iClientHeight, Int32 iBrowserTimezoneOffset, String strActiveDataDelay, String strActionButtonsXML) ...
    ReportType tiled
    DataSet EMPLOYEETEST
    ViewsetId NOT_INITIALIZED
    ViewId view1
    Properties <Properties ContentType="StreamingList" datasetId="_EMPLOYEE_TEST"> <Title display="true" color="#ffffff" font-family="Tahoma" font-weight="Bold" font-size="11" underline="false" overline="false" line-through="false" capitalize="false" uppercase="false" lowercase="false" background-color="#7B97C0" text-align="left"> <Text bUseViewName="true"> </Text> </Title> <Body alt_increment="1" alt_color="#dfdfdf" font-family="Tahoma" font-size="11px" color="black" background-color="transparent"> <Border color="#000000" width="1px" style="solid"/> </Body> <Headings background-color="#c7c7c7" underline="true" display="true" font-family="Tahoma" font-size="11px" color="black"/> <Empty display="false" text="No Values" text-align="left" font-family="Tahoma" font-size="11px" color="black"/> <ActiveData newColor="#FFE299" newTimeSeconds="1"> </ActiveData> </Properties> ...
    ModifierXml <Modifier id="0" dataset="_EMPLOYEE_TEST"><FieldRefs><DatasetField fieldRefID="2" datasetField="_Dept" dataType="INTEGER" order="0"/><DatasetField fieldRefID="0" datasetField="_employee_id" dataType="INTEGER" order="1"/><DatasetField fieldRefID="3" datasetField="_Job_id" dataType="INTEGER" order="2"/><DatasetField fieldRefID="1" datasetField="_Name" dataType="STRING" order="3"/><DatasetField fieldRefID="4" datasetField="_Salary" dataType="INTEGER" order="4"/></FieldRefs><RecordFields><RecordField fieldRefID="2" datasetField="_Dept" dataType="INTEGER" fieldID="0" order="0"/><RecordField fieldRefID="0" datasetField="_employee_id" dataType="INTEGER" fieldID="1" order="1"/><RecordField fieldRefID="3" datasetField="_Job_id" dataType="INTEGER" fieldID="2" order="2"/><RecordField fieldRefID="1" datasetField="_Name" dataType="STRING" fieldID="3" order="3"/><RecordField fieldRefID="4" datasetField="_Salary" dataType="INTEGER" fieldID="4" order="4"/></RecordFields></Modifier> ...
    InEditor true
    IsInViewMode false
    ActiveDataDelay 0
    TimezoneOffset 240
    ActionButtons <ActionButtons></ActionButtons>
    clientWidth 961
    clientHeight 522
    Assembly ReportServer
    State Oracle.BAM.ReportServer.StreamingList
    Event Initialize
    Could you please help me to resolve this issue.
    Thanks
    Laj

    Hi
    This issue has been resolved.
    Fix :- Earlier i have defined all the BAM services as Localy.Modified those services to run it from my user id.
    thanks
    Laj

  • Oracle BAM Web Applications not supported by Firefox and Chrome browsers

    Hi,
    1) To enable Oracle BAM in a BPM project, when a project data object is marked as a business indicator, the Process Engine stores
    its value in the BAM and DataMart databases, as explained in the documentation. So, How can we use this information to monitor the process activity? Is there any detailed documentation or a sample?
    2) Does Oracle BAM Web Applications still not supported by the browsers Firefox (3.5 and 3.6) and Google Chrome?
    Tahnks. Regards,
    Hanine

    Hanine,
    The business indicators can be used when creating your data objects in BAM Architect and BAM Active Studio.
    The BAM tools still require Internet Explorer only.
    Heidi.

  • BAM tabs visibility issue

    Active Studio Tabs display incorrectly with IE8
    Bug: 9099352
    Added: 15-March-2011
    Platform: All
    If you are using Microsoft Internet Explorer 8, and Oracle BAM Active Studio, or any of the Oracle BAM Web Applications, does not open properly (for example, some of the main user interface tabs do not appear), refresh your web browser or reload Oracle BAM Active Studio.
    If that workaround does not resolve the issue, close Oracle BAM Active Studio, and clear your Internet Explorer browser cache (go to Tools > Internet Options > Browser history > Delete [>??see above question]), then reopen Oracle BAM Active Studio.
    If the above workarounds do not resolve the issue, follow these steps to add the Oracle BAM web server to Microsoft Internet Explorer's Trusted sites:
    1. Go to Tools > Internet Options > Security > Trusted sites and click Sites.
    2. Uncheck Require server verification (https:) for all sites in this zone if necessary (it is necessary unless you have Oracle BAM set up for SSL).
    3. Add the Oracle BAM URL to the list:
    http://<bam_hostname>
    Active Studio View Editor Tabs display incorrectly with some versions of Sun JDK
    Bug: 9553416
    Added: 15-March-2011
    Platform: All
    Some versions of the Sun JDK cause the Active Studio View Editor Tabs to display incorrectly. The View Editor tabs may appear empty without any Tab text. This issue can occur with any version of Oracle BAM.
    To resolve this issue, the Oracle BAM Server requires the Sun JDK patch that fixes JDK bug 6940416. Generally, Sun JDK version 1.6.0_24 or later will resolve the issue.
    Charts and KPIs display incorrectly due to interaction between Microsoft Internet Explorer update and McAfee Host Intrusion Prevention
    Bug: 10423062
    Added: 15-March-2011
    Platform: All
    An interaction between McAfee Host Intrusion Prevention 7 and Microsoft Internet Explorer update KB2416400 causes Charts and KPIs to display incorrectly.
    If you are using McAfee Host Intrusion Prevention and this issue occurs, you can resolve it using one of the following workarounds:
    1. Uninstall the Microsoft Internet Explorer KB2416400 update.
    or
    2. Disable Signature 3776 for McAfee Host Intrusion Prevention. Ask your IT Administrator if applicable.
    Links:
    MS10-090: Cumulative security update for Internet Explorer http://support.microsoft.com/kb/2416400/
    Host Intrusion Prevention Signature 3776 triggers after applying Microsoft security update MS10-090 https://kc.mcafee.com/corporate/index?elq_mid=4718&elq_cid=372908&page=content&id=KB70810

    Please check if there is any change for system-jazn-data.xml under <BEA_Home>\user_projects\domain\yourdomain\config\fmwconfig
    Specially check the change regarding bam_server1

  • Oracle BAM report output

    Is there any way the BAM report data to output to Xcel or PDF format?
    It appears that the default reports(graphs) created from BAM ACTIVE STUDIO only allow to:
    - print
    - Return to Home
    - Return to previous page
    when zoomed in (drilled down) to data sheet.
    Is it possible to copy the datasheet to Excel or PDF, etc?
    TIA
    pak
    Edited by: user1314665 on 4/02/2009 19:31

    Technically no. I did find a work around that seems to be working for us. I created an excell report in BAM that looks at the dataobjects with the same filters/parameters of the report I want to export from. I then created an action button that linked to that report on the main report and called it "Export Data" and mapped the filters. When the user clicks on the button it seems like it is exporting the data from the graph they are looking at, but it is actually just opening a new report with the same filters. You can save the excel file to your desktop.
    Note that there are bugs with excel, at least in 10.1.3.3 that causes it to freeze-up sometimes if you have any other excel windows open on your pc.

  • Sharing Alerts in BAM

    Hi,
    We created the Alerts in BAM Active Studio with one user and would like modify the definition of from another user. We are expecting a functionality similar to that of Sharing Reports. How to acheive this ?
    Regards,
    Satish

    Alerts cannot be shared in current version. The other user can create a similar alert with no adverse effect on BAM or performance.

  • Reg : BAM connection

    Hi Experts ,
    I am new to BAM Reports.
    I installed SOA server along with that i got BAM too.
    I up both the servers SOA & BAM.
    Now from my J Developer i want to create a BAM connection.
    But when i am clicking on Connections in application Resources and clicking on connections i am not able to get the option for Creating BAM connection.
    Can any one help me on this.
    Thanks & Regards :
    Pramila Padam

    You should be doing the following:
    1. Creat BAM Data OBject based on your requirement.
    2. bind adf user interface components to those data objects
    http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E16764_01/integration.1111/e10224/bam_data_control.htm
    3.For portal integration from BAM Active Studio see this
    http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E25054_01/user.1111/e10230/reports.htm#CHDGECEG
    Thanks,
    Wajid

Maybe you are looking for