Decode Vs Case Statement
What will be good for proformance wise:
Decode or Case in a sql statement.?????
See the following link for Tom Kyte's opinion (point #4 in his first answer):
http://asktom.oracle.com/pls/ask/f?p=4950:8:16717708356827415201::NO::F4950_P8_DISPLAYID,F4950_P8_CRITERIA:1243867216406
Similar Messages
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Decode and case statement in the update..
Its is more to it, but I want to check with you guys, the experts on this, this look busy to me, it should be a more simplify way of doing it, do you think will work
The government decide to change the ethnic codes, and we have to come with certain rules to in our report, anyway, do you think this will work? again It is more to it I declare my variables, this is just one part of the precedure.
BEGIN
UTL_FILE.fclose_all;
v_file_handle := UTL_FILE.fopen (v_out_path, v_out_file, 'a');
UTL_FILE.put_line (v_file_handle,
CHR (10) || TO_CHAR (SYSDATE, 'DD-MON-YYYY HH:MI:SS')
UTL_FILE.put_line (v_file_handle, 'Entering spbpers_update');
SELECT upd_spbpers_upd_cur IS
spriden_pidm,
szscapp_birth_state,
szscapp_birth_city,
DECODE(szscapp_hisp_or_latino_ind,Y,'2',N,'1'),
DECODE(szscapp_hisp_or_latino_options,XCM,'2',CUB,'2',MEX,'2',PRI,'2',XSM,'2',ESP,'2',XOH,'2'),
DECODE(szscapp_amer_indn_alaska_opt,XAN,'1','1',XCW,'1',XCH,'1',XCK,'1',XNV,'1',XSX,'1'),
DECODE(szscapp_amer_indn_alaska_other,XON,'1') (,IND,'1',JPN,'1',KOR,'1',PAK,'1',PHL,'1',VNM,'1',XEA,'1',XIS,'1',XSA,'1'),
DECODE(szscapp_asian_options,IND,'1',JPN,'1',KOR,'1',PAK,'1',PHL,'1',VNM,'1',XEA,'1',XIS,'1',XSA,'1'), ,
DECODE(szscapp_other_east_asia,(IND,'1',JPN,'1',KOR,'1',PAK,'1',PHL,'1',VNM,'1',XEA,'1',XIS,'1',XSA,'1'),
DECODE(szscapp_other_indian_subcont,XIS,'1'),
DECODE(szscapp_other_southeast_asia,XSA,'1'),
DECODE(szscapp_blk_or_afr_amer_opt,XAA,'1',XAF,'1',XCB,'1',XOA,'1'),
DECODE(szscapp_blk_or_afr_amer_other,XOA,'1'),
DECODE(szscapp_natve_hawaian_options,GUM,'1',XHI,'1',ASM,'1',XOP,'1'),
DECODE(szscapp_hawaiian_other,XOP,'1'),
DECODE(szscapp_white_options,XEU,'1',XME,'1',XOW,'1'),
DECODE(szscapp_white_other(XOW,'1')
FROM
saturn_midd.szscapp
WHERE
spriden_id = szscapp_id
AND spriden_ntyp_code = 'CAPL'
IF upd_spbpers_upd_cur%ISOPEN
THEN
CLOSE upd_spbpers_upd_cur;
END IF;
OPEN upd_spbpers_upd_cur;
LOOP
FETCH upd_spbpers_upd_cur
INTO v_pidm,v_birth_state,v_birth_city,v_latino_ind,v_latino_options,
v_indn_alaska_opt,v_indn_alaska_other,v_asian_options,
v_other_east_asia,v_other_indian_subcont,v_other_southeast_asia,
v_blk_or_afr_amer_opt,v_blk_or_afr_amer_other,v_natve_hawaian_options,
v_hawaiian_other,v_white_options,v_white_other;
EXIT WHEN upd_spbpers_upd_cur%NOTFOUND;
IF upd_spbpers_upd_cur%FOUND
UPDATE saturn.spbpers
set SPBPERS_ETHN_CODE = CASE
WHEN v_latino_ind IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_latino_ind,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_latino_options IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_latino_options,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_indn_alaska_opt IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_indn_alaska_opt,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_indn_alaska_other IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_indn_alaska_other,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_asian_options IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_asian_options,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_other_east_asia IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_other_east_asia,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_other_indian_subcont IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_other_indian_subcont,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_other_southeast_asia IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_other_southeast_asia,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_blk_or_afr_amer_opt IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_blk_or_afr_amer_opt,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_blk_or_afr_amer_other IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_blk_or_afr_amer_other,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_natve_hawaian_options IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_natve_hawaian_options,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_hawaiian_other IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_hawaiian_other,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_white_options IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_white_options,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_white_other IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_ethn_code = v_white_other,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_birth_state IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_stat_code_birth = v_birth_state,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHEN v_birth_city IS NOT NULL THEN (spbpers_city_birth = v_birth_city,spbpers_activity_date = sysdate)
WHERE spbpers_pidm = v_pidm;
END
END IF;
END LOOP;Did the procedure compile ?
Doesn't look like a right Decode syntax.
DECODE (col1,'VAL1','This','VAL2','That','ElseThis')
means
--Psuedocode
IF col1 = 'VAL1' THEN 'This'
IF col1 = 'VAL2' THEN 'That'
ELSE 'ElseThis'You can use CASE statement Instead of DECODE
CASE
when szscapp_amer_indn_alaska_other
in ('XON','IND','JPN','KOR','PAK' ..... ) THEN '1'
when szscapp_hisp_or_latino_options
in ('XCM','CUB','MEX','PRI','XSM','ESP','XOH' ...) THEN '2'
END SS -
To use Boolean function in DECODE or CASE statement
Hi all
I have a scenario where i need to use a boolean function inside DECODE statement. When i tried this way iam getting "ORA-06553: PLS-382: expression is of wrong type".
I doubt whether i can use boolean function inside DECODE or not?
My query will be like this:
select decode(my_fuction( ),'TRUE',1,'FALSE',0) from dual;
Any help is highly appreciated.
Thanks
SriramOverloaded functions must differ by more than their
return type . At the time that the overloaded
function is called, the compiler doesn't know what type
of data that function will return. The compiler cannot,
therefore, determine which version of the function to
use if all the parameters are the same. -
Using Decode Or Case Statement / Any Method
Dear All,
In my table Fields are
EmpId
TranYear
TranMonth
ApprovedBy
ApprovedYear
ApprovedMonth
My Input parameters are
1. TranYear
2. TranMonth
3. Tag1
4. Tag2
My requirement is
Tag1 Input are 0,1,2
Tag2 Inputs are 0,1,2
If Tag1 is 0 then checking TranYear/TranMonth And
Tag2 Is 0 Then ApprovedBy Is Not Null only
Tag2 Is 1 Then ApprovedBy Is Null only
Tag2 Is 2 Then both(Approved/unApproved)
If Tag1 is 1 then checking ApprovedYear/ApprovedMonth And Tag2 Passing 0 Default
If Tag1 is 2 then checking TranYear/TranMonth Or ApprovedYear/ApprovedMonth And
Tag2 Is 0 Then ApprovedBy Is Not Null only
Tag2 Is 1 Then ApprovedBy Is Null only
Tag2 Is 2 Then both(Approved/unApproved)
Based upon the input details select detailsdont quite understand your table structure requirement but it sounds like you want a conditional join.
looks like you are always joining on the tran year tran month but according to your 2 flags decides the rest of the join
I started something here where I am joining on the tran year / tran month then setting an indicator based on your flags
then just select the rows where this indicator is true.
anyway you can modify it to your needs
WITH t AS (SELECT 1 EmpId,
EXTRACT (YEAR FROM TO_DATE ('2010', 'YYYY')) TranYear,
EXTRACT (MONTH FROM TO_DATE ('Oct', 'Mon')) TranMon,
10 approved_by,
EXTRACT (YEAR FROM TO_DATE ('2010', 'YYYY')) ApprovedYear,
EXTRACT (MONTH FROM TO_DATE ('Nov', 'Mon')) ApprovedMon
FROM DUAL
UNION ALL
SELECT 2,
EXTRACT (YEAR FROM TO_DATE ('2009', 'YYYY')),
EXTRACT (MONTH FROM TO_DATE ('Jul', 'Mon')),
11,
EXTRACT (YEAR FROM TO_DATE ('2009', 'YYYY')),
EXTRACT (MONTH FROM TO_DATE ('Dec', 'Mon'))
FROM DUAL),
input AS (SELECT EXTRACT (YEAR FROM TO_DATE ('2010', 'YYYY')) TranYear,
EXTRACT (MONTH FROM TO_DATE ('Oct', 'Mon')) TranMon,
0 tag1,
0 tag2
FROM DUAL)
SELECT *
FROM (SELECT t.*,
tag1,
tag2,
CASE tag1 || '.' || tag2
WHEN '0.0'
THEN
CASE WHEN Approved_By IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END -- if they are both 0 join on Tran Year, Tran Month and Approved by not null
WHEN '0.1'
THEN
CASE WHEN Approved_By IS NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END -- if they are 0,1 then Tran Year, Tran Month and Approved by is null
WHEN '0.2'
THEN
0 -- CASE --Then both(Approved/unApproved) i Don't know what this means
/* WHEN '1.0' then whatever
when '1.1' then whatever
when '1.2 then whatever
ELSE
0
END
ind
FROM t, input
WHERE t.TranYear = input.TranYear AND t.TranMon = input.TranMon)
WHERE ind = 1 -
Help with decode or case statement
I have the following insert statement
insert into t_outcome (
TRANSACTION_ID,
charge_DATE,
Charge_TIME,
STATUS_CODE)
values(cur_tem.transaction_id,
cur_tem.charge_date,
cur_tem.charge_time,
cur_tem.STATUS_code)
I require to incorporate the following rules into the population of charge_TIME
if cur_tem.STATUS_code is 7 and cur_temp.charge_time is not null then populate charge_TIME with cur_temp.charge_time
else if cur_tem.STATUS_code is 7 and cur_temp.charge_time is null then populate charge_TIME with -9
else if cur_tem.STATUS_code is not 7 then populate charge_TIME with -7
How do I add these rules into the insert statement ?
Thanks
Brendondecode(cur_tem.STATUS_code, 7, nvl(cur_tem.charge_time, -9), -7)
I think that will work.
Lee
Message was edited by:
Lee Forkenbrock -
I am trying to use a decode or case statement to check for a particular field code of 'SIP' and if that is the value I only want half of the production figure used in the calculations for that field ('SIP').
The following code works well without the items commented out:
SELECT ALL
FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.END_TIME as prod_date,
'SCD' as district,
--decode(FINDER_WIS.FACILITY_FIELD_X.FIELD_CODE,'SIP',FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_DATA.VOLUME/2,FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_DATA) AS TEST_SIP,
/*case when FINDER_WIS.FACILITY_FIELD_X.FIELD_CODE = 'SIP'
then FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_DATA.VOLUME/2
else FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_DATA.VOLUME
end as fieldtest,*/
round(SUM(NVL(FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_DATA.VOLUME,0))) as total_oil,
ROUND(SUM(NVL(FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_DATA.VOLUME,0)) / TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.END_TIME,'DD'))) AS BOPD
FROM FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR,
FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_DATA,
FINDER_WIS.FACILITY,
FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP,
FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL,
FINDER_WIS.FACILITY_FIELD_X,
SELECT distinct FINDER_WIS.FACILITY.FACILITY_S
FROM FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR,
FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_DATA,
FINDER_WIS.FACILITY,
FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP,
FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL
WHERE (FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.ACTIVITY_TYPE = 'ALLOCATED'
AND FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.TIME_PERIOD_TYPE = 'MONTH'
AND FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.STATE_TYPE = 'STANDARD'
AND FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.EXISTENCE_TYPE = 'ACTUAL'
AND FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_DATA.MATERIAL_TYPE='OIL'
and FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP.REPORTING_GROUP_TYPE = 'ASSET_TEAM'
AND FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP.REPORTING_GROUP_ID ='SCD'
and finder_wis.production_HDR.SOURCE = 'NEWWIS'
AND FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.START_TIME BETWEEN :startdate_var AND :enddate_var)
AND ((FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_DATA.PRODUCTION_HDR_S=FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.PRODUCTION_HDR_S)
and (FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.FACILITY_S = FINDER_WIS.FACILITY.FACILITY_S)
and (FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.START_TIME between FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL.start_time and nvl(FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL.end_time,'01-JAN-2010')
or FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.end_TIME between FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL.start_time and nvl(FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL.end_time,'01-JAN-2010'))
AND (FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP.REPORTING_GROUP_S = FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL.REPORTING_GROUP_S)
AND (FINDER_WIS.FACILITY.FACILITY_S = FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL.FACILITY_S)))T
WHERE (FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.ACTIVITY_TYPE = 'ALLOCATED'
AND FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.TIME_PERIOD_TYPE = 'MONTH'
AND FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.STATE_TYPE = 'STANDARD'
AND FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.EXISTENCE_TYPE = 'ACTUAL'
AND FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_DATA.MATERIAL_TYPE='OIL'
and FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP.REPORTING_GROUP_TYPE = 'ASSET_TEAM'
and finder_wis.production_HDR.SOURCE = 'NEWWIS'
AND FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.START_TIME BETWEEN :startdate_var AND :enddate_var)
AND ((FINDER_WIS.FACILITY.FACILITY_S = T.FACILITY_S)
AND (FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_DATA.PRODUCTION_HDR_S=FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.PRODUCTION_HDR_S)
AND FINDER_WIS.FACILITY_FIELD_X.UWI = FINDER_WIS.FACILITY.UWI
AND FINDER_WIS.FACILITY_FIELD_X.FIELD_CODE NOT IN ('MW','BRM','PLG','SIP')
and (FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.FACILITY_S = FINDER_WIS.FACILITY.FACILITY_S)
and (FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.START_TIME between FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL.start_time and nvl(FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL.end_time,'01-JAN-2010')
or FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.end_TIME between FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL.start_time and nvl(FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL.end_time,'01-JAN-2010'))
AND (FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP.REPORTING_GROUP_S = FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL.REPORTING_GROUP_S)
AND (FINDER_WIS.FACILITY.FACILITY_S = FINDER_WIS.REPORTING_GROUP_DETAIL.FACILITY_S))
GROUP BY FINDER_WIS.PRODUCTION_HDR.END_TIME
the results look like this but this is without the values for the 'SIP' field:
PROD_DATE DISTRICT TOTAL_OIL BOPD
31/10/2007 SCD 168009 5420
30/11/2007 SCD 167339 5578
31/12/2007 SCD 170277 5493
31/01/2008 SCD 173677 5602
29/02/2008 SCD 168498 5810
31/03/2008 SCD 172689 5571
30/04/2008 SCD 168180 5606
31/05/2008 SCD 165448 5337
30/06/2008 SCD 164631 5488
31/07/2008 SCD 170073 5486
31/08/2008 SCD 166520 5372
30/09/2008 SCD 160321 5344
When I try to add the decode or case statement, I get ORA-00979; not a Group By expression as the error.
Can anyone assist me with this please?
Thanks in advanceHi and welcome to the forum.
Simply put the field names you use in your DECODE also in your GROUP BY and it should work:
simple example:
MHO%xe> with t as (
2 select 1 col1, 1 col2 from dual union all
3 select 1 col1, 1 col2 from dual union all
4 select 2 col1, 2 col2 from dual union all
5 select 3 col1, 3 col2 from dual union all
6 select 4 col1, 4 col2 from dual
7 )
8 select col1
9 , decode(col1, 1, col2*100, col2)
10 , sum(col2)
11 from t
12 group by col1 -->> NO col2 here...
13 order by col1;
, decode(col1, 1, col2*100, col2)
FOUT in regel 9:
.ORA-00979: not a GROUP BY expression
Verstreken: 00:00:05.78
MHO%xe> with t as (
2 select 1 col1, 1 col2 from dual union all
3 select 1 col1, 1 col2 from dual union all
4 select 2 col1, 2 col2 from dual union all
5 select 3 col1, 3 col2 from dual union all
6 select 4 col1, 4 col2 from dual
7 )
8 select col1
9 , decode(col1, 1, col2*100, col2)
10 , sum(col2)
11 from t
12 group by col1, col2
13 order by col1;
COL1 DECODE(COL1,1,COL2*100,COL2) SUM(COL2)
1 100 2
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4 -
Hi all,
select
id
,one
,two
From
(select id
, one
, two
, Max(decode(TYPE, "ER", 3*4, 4*7)
from
(select id
, sum(one) as one
, sum(two) as two
from t1
group by id)
group by id, one, two
) temp inner join t2....
The above query is just a sample structure to tell the problem that i am facing. It works fine, but i need to convert it to ANSI Standard.
Hence I need to convert the DECODE to CASE statement. but if i convert to CASE, i need to use any of the GROUP BY FUNCTIONS, but if i use the MAX of any group by functions, the result would be wrong...how to overcome it
ThanksHi,
Yes I did a silly mistake, the code I gave was for only the decode but when I converted it to case statement, there was a silly mistake, which i corrected.
Now i corrected it to
Select
COL1
, Col2
, MAX(CASE WHEN Upper(TYPE) = 'YR' THEN Round(3.43*3, 2) END) AS CALC1
, Max(CASE WHEN Upper(TYPE) = 'ZP' THEN Round(3.12*12, 2) END) AS CALC2
From
Group by....
but now when i add a sum of the calc1 & calc2, I am not getting any results the column is blank. Is there anything that i missed
Select
COL1
, Col2
, MAX(CASE WHEN Upper(TYPE) = 'YR' THEN Round(3.43*3, 2) END) AS CALC1
, Max(CASE WHEN Upper(TYPE) = 'ZP' THEN Round(3.12*12, 2) END) AS CALC2
, (MAX(CASE WHEN Upper(TYPE) = 'YR' THEN Round(3.43*3, 2) END
+ Max(CASE WHEN Upper(TYPE) = 'ZP' THEN Round(3.12*12, 2) END)) as SUM3
From
Group by....
Thanks -
SQL Expression in decode function or case statement?
Can I put SQL expressions in decode function or case statement?
For example,
select le.profile, decode( select count(1) from profile_data where NAME= 'XXXX_AFTER' and object_id = le.profile, 0, 'N', 'Y')
from element le;
or
select le.profile, case WHEN ( select count(1) from profile_data where NAME= 'XXXX_AFTER' and object_id = le.profile) = 0 THEN 'N'
ELSE 'Y'
from element le;
None of the above work.
Can anyone tell me how to make it work?
Is there any workaround?
Thanks,
JYou simply needed and END to your CASE statement;
SQL> with profile_data as (
select 'XXXX_AFTER' name, 1 object_id from dual),
element as (
select 1 profile from dual union all
select 2 from dual)
select le.profile,
case WHEN ( select count(1) from profile_data where NAME= 'XXXX_AFTER' and object_id = le.profile) = 0
THEN 'N'
ELSE 'Y'
END new_col
from element le
PROFILE N
1 Y
2 N -
Case statement and Decode function both are not working in Select cursor.
I have tried both the Case statement and Decode function in Select cursor, but both the things are not working. On the other hand both the things work in just select statement.
See the first column in select (PAR_FLAG), I need to have this evaluated along with other fields. Can you please suggest some thing to make this work. And also I would like to
know the reason why decode is not working, I heard some where Case statement do not work with 8i.
Author : Amit Juneja
Date : 06/20/2011
Description:
Updates the Diamond MEMBER_MASTER table with the values from
INC.MEM_NJ_HN_MEMBER_XREF table.
declare
rec_cnt number(12) := 0;
commit_cnt number(4) := 0;
cursor select_cur is
Select DECODE(1,
(Select 1
from hsd_prov_contract R
where R.seq_prov_id = PM.seq_prov_id
and R.line_of_business = H.line_of_business
and R.PCP_FLAG = 'Y'
and R.participation_flag = 'P'
and SYSDATE between R.EFFECTIVE_DATE AND
NVL(R.TERM_DATE,
TO_DATE('31-DEC-9999', 'DD-MON-YYYY'))),
'Y',
'N') PAR_FLAG,
H.SEQ_ELIG_HIST,
H.SEQ_MEMB_ID,
H.SEQ_SUBS_ID,
H.SUBSCRIBER_ID,
H.PERSON_NUMBER,
H.EFFECTIVE_DATE,
H.TERM_DATE,
H.TERM_REASON,
H.RELATIONSHIP_CODE,
H.SEQ_GROUP_ID,
H.PLAN_CODE,
H.LINE_OF_BUSINESS,
H.RIDER_CODE_1,
H.RIDER_CODE_2,
H.RIDER_CODE_3,
H.RIDER_CODE_4,
H.RIDER_CODE_5,
H.RIDER_CODE_6,
H.RIDER_CODE_7,
H.RIDER_CODE_8,
H.MEDICARE_STATUS_FLG,
H.OTHER_STATUS_FLAG,
H.HIRE_DATE,
H.ELIG_STATUS,
H.PREM_OVERRIDE_STEP,
H.PREM_OVERRIDE_AMT,
H.PREM_OVERRIDE_CODE,
H.SEQ_PROV_ID,
H.IPA_ID,
H.PANEL_ID,
H.SEQ_PROV_2_ID,
H.SECURITY_CODE,
H.INSERT_DATETIME,
H.INSERT_USER,
H.INSERT_PROCESS,
H.UPDATE_DATETIME,
H.UPDATE_USER,
H.UPDATE_PROCESS,
H.USER_DEFINED_1,
H.SALARY,
H.PEC_END_DATE,
H.REASON_CODE,
H.PEC_WAIVED,
H.BILL_EFFECTIVE_FROM_DATE,
H.BILLED_THRU_DATE,
H.PAID_THRU_DATE,
H.SUBSC_DEPT,
H.SUBSC_LOCATION,
H.USE_EFT_FLG,
H.BENEFIT_START_DATE,
H.SEQ_ENROLLMENT_RULE,
H.MCARE_RISK_ACCRETION_DATE,
H.MCARE_RISK_DELETION_DATE,
H.MCARE_RISK_REFUSED_DATE,
H.COMMENTS,
H.USER_DEFINED_2,
H.USER_DEFINED_3,
H.RATE_TYPE,
H.PCPAA_OCCURRED,
H.PRIVACY_ON,
H.PCP_CHANGE_REASON,
H.SITE_CODE,
H.SEQ_SITE_ADDRESS_ID,
PM.seq_prov_id rendered_prov
from hsd_member_elig_history H,
INC.PCP_REASSIGN_RPRT_DATA P,
hsd_prov_master PM
where P.subscriber_id = H.subscriber_id
and P.rendered_pcp = PM.provider_ID
and H.elig_status = 'Y'
and (H.term_date is NULL or H.term_date >= last_day(sysdate))
order by H.Seq_memb_id;
begin
for C in select_cur loop
rec_cnt := rec_cnt + 1;
update hsd_member_elig_history
set term_date = TRUNC(SYSDATE - 1),
term_reason = 'PCPTR',
update_datetime = SYSDATE,
update_user = USER,
update_process = 'TD33615'
where seq_elig_hist = C.seq_elig_hist
and seq_memb_id = C.seq_memb_id;
INSERT INTO HSD_MEMBER_ELIG_HISTORY
(SEQ_ELIG_HIST,
SEQ_MEMB_ID,
SEQ_SUBS_ID,
SUBSCRIBER_ID,
PERSON_NUMBER,
EFFECTIVE_DATE,
TERM_DATE,
TERM_REASON,
RELATIONSHIP_CODE,
SEQ_GROUP_ID,
PLAN_CODE,
LINE_OF_BUSINESS,
RIDER_CODE_1,
RIDER_CODE_2,
RIDER_CODE_3,
RIDER_CODE_4,
RIDER_CODE_5,
RIDER_CODE_6,
RIDER_CODE_7,
RIDER_CODE_8,
MEDICARE_STATUS_FLG,
OTHER_STATUS_FLAG,
HIRE_DATE,
ELIG_STATUS,
PREM_OVERRIDE_STEP,
PREM_OVERRIDE_AMT,
PREM_OVERRIDE_CODE,
SEQ_PROV_ID,
IPA_ID,
PANEL_ID,
SEQ_PROV_2_ID,
SECURITY_CODE,
INSERT_DATETIME,
INSERT_USER,
INSERT_PROCESS,
UPDATE_DATETIME,
UPDATE_USER,
UPDATE_PROCESS,
USER_DEFINED_1,
SALARY,
PEC_END_DATE,
REASON_CODE,
PEC_WAIVED,
BILL_EFFECTIVE_FROM_DATE,
BILLED_THRU_DATE,
PAID_THRU_DATE,
SUBSC_DEPT,
SUBSC_LOCATION,
USE_EFT_FLG,
BENEFIT_START_DATE,
SEQ_ENROLLMENT_RULE,
MCARE_RISK_ACCRETION_DATE,
MCARE_RISK_DELETION_DATE,
MCARE_RISK_REFUSED_DATE,
COMMENTS,
USER_DEFINED_2,
USER_DEFINED_3,
RATE_TYPE,
PCPAA_OCCURRED,
PRIVACY_ON,
PCP_CHANGE_REASON,
SITE_CODE,
SEQ_SITE_ADDRESS_ID)
values
(hsd_seq_elig_hist.nextval,
C.SEQ_MEMB_ID,
C.SEQ_SUBS_ID,
C.SUBSCRIBER_ID,
C.PERSON_NUMBER,
trunc(SYSDATE),
C.TERM_DATE,
C.TERM_REASON,
C.RELATIONSHIP_CODE,
C.SEQ_GROUP_ID,
C.PLAN_CODE,
C.LINE_OF_BUSINESS,
C.RIDER_CODE_1,
C.RIDER_CODE_2,
C.RIDER_CODE_3,
C.RIDER_CODE_4,
C.RIDER_CODE_5,
C.RIDER_CODE_6,
C.RIDER_CODE_7,
C.RIDER_CODE_8,
C.MEDICARE_STATUS_FLG,
C.OTHER_STATUS_FLAG,
C.HIRE_DATE,
C.ELIG_STATUS,
C.PREM_OVERRIDE_STEP,
C.PREM_OVERRIDE_AMT,
C.PREM_OVERRIDE_CODE,
C.SEQ_PROV_ID,
C.IPA_ID,
C.PANEL_ID,
C.SEQ_PROV_2_ID,
C.SECURITY_CODE,
SYSDATE,
USER,
'TD33615',
SYSDATE,
USER,
'TD33615',
C.USER_DEFINED_1,
C.SALARY,
C.PEC_END_DATE,
C.REASON_CODE,
C.PEC_WAIVED,
C.BILL_EFFECTIVE_FROM_DATE,
C.BILLED_THRU_DATE,
C.PAID_THRU_DATE,
C.SUBSC_DEPT,
C.SUBSC_LOCATION,
C.USE_EFT_FLG,
C.BENEFIT_START_DATE,
C.SEQ_ENROLLMENT_RULE,
C.MCARE_RISK_ACCRETION_DATE,
C.MCARE_RISK_DELETION_DATE,
C.MCARE_RISK_REFUSED_DATE,
C.COMMENTS,
C.USER_DEFINED_2,
C.USER_DEFINED_3,
C.RATE_TYPE,
C.PCPAA_OCCURRED,
C.PRIVACY_ON,
C.PCP_CHANGE_REASON,
C.SITE_CODE,
C.SEQ_SITE_ADDRESS_ID);
commit_cnt := commit_cnt + 1;
if (commit_cnt = 1000) then
dbms_output.put_line('Committed updates for 1000 records.');
commit;
commit_cnt := 0;
end if;
end loop;
commit;
dbms_output.put_line('Total number of MEMBER_ELIG_HISTROY records inserted : ' ||
rec_cnt);
exception
when others then
raise_application_error(-20001,
'An error was encountered - ' || sqlcode ||
' -error- ' || sqlerrm);
end;user10305724 wrote:
I have tried both the Case statement and Decode function in Select cursor, but both the things are not working. Please define what you mean by not working even if your computer screen is near the internet we can't see it.
You should also look at the FAQ about how to ask a question
SQL and PL/SQL FAQ
Particularly *9) Formatting with {noformat}{noformat} Tags* and posting your version.
know the reason why decode is not working, I heard some where Case statement do not work with 8i.
Does this mean you are using 8i? Then scalar sub queries - selects within the select list, are not supported, along with CASE in PL/SQL.
Select DECODE(1,
* (Select 1
from hsd_prov_contract R
where R.seq_prov_id = PM.seq_prov_id
and R.line_of_business = H.line_of_business
and R.PCP_FLAG = 'Y'
and R.participation_flag = 'P'
and SYSDATE between R.EFFECTIVE_DATE AND
NVL(R.TERM_DATE,
TO_DATE('31-DEC-9999', 'DD-MON-YYYY')))*,
'Y',
'N') PAR_FLAG,
>
exception
when others then
raise_application_error(-20001,
'An error was encountered - ' || sqlcode ||
' -error- ' || sqlerrm);
http://tkyte.blogspot.com/2008/01/why-do-people-do-this.html -
Hi,
I had a condition like
test -table
code - column
t --> True
f --> False
I had two choices of writing query
select decode(code,'t','True','False') from test;
or
select case code
when 't' then 'True'
else 'False'
end
from test;
I want to know which one is best performance wiseWrong question really.. unless you writing a very tight loop doing 100's of 1000's of iterations using that type of conditional structure. And even then performance difference will not be that significant.
The right question to ask is which one is more flexible and allows for the programmer that comes after you to read and understand and maintain your code. The CASE statement is in this regard, a lot better than a DECODE statement.
Looking just at performance (which I suggest you do not do in isolation!!), I get mixed results using 10G Enterprise on different platforms (HP-UX vs SUN AMD) and operating systems (HP-UX vs Linux).
On the former the DECODE is slightly faster. On the latter the CASE is slightly faster.
Using the construct you've specified and doing a tight loop of a 100,000 iterations, the elapsed execution times are:
HP-UX DECODE = 00:00:11.83
HP-UX CASE = 00:00:12.32
Linux/AMD DECODE =00:00:02.02
Linux/AMD CASE = 00:00:01.84
Obviosuly the CPU architecture plays a major role here. The AMD is considered as the best 64 CPU on the market. The HP-UX PARISC CPU (also 64bit), does not really compare raw performance wise. In addition this is a RISC CPU whereas the AMD CPU is I believe more CISC than RISC.
Also interesting that the faster Sun AMD/Linux server I used for this benchmark is about 10% the price of the HP-UX server.. and about 5x faster ito raw speed as this benchmark showed. :-)
An interesting exercise, but one with little real world value. Yes performance is important. But within PL/SQL, not to the level about debating whether a CASE or DECODE is faster. As I've mentioned, I believe the right question being one about readability and maintenance and not performance in this case. -
Regarding case statement and decode function
Hi Experts,
I have question.....regarding case statement and decode statement....
Can you please explain me that which one will be efficient,to place in insert statement...
insert statement(
(case when ........then
case when ....then
else
end)
else
end)
or
insert statement(
case when.....then
decode(....)
else
end)
Can you people explain me which one is more efficient method?
Thanks in advance.......The are major differences to talk about in case of CASE vs DECODE, but performance wise both are pretty much the same.
Have a look at Tom's thread
Ask Tom "better performance - case or decode"
I would suggest to use CASE whenever possible. Don't worry about the performance part. -
Hello,
I am used to using case within my select statements, I need to use decode if possible for this one. Its for a record group within in forms, and the case statement is not working. Could someone please help me write this with decode instead of case?
SELECT CASE
WHEN months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) BETWEEN 168 AND 216 THEN 1 --14 to 18
WHEN months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) BETWEEN 217 AND 252 THEN 2 --18 to 21
WHEN months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) BETWEEN 253 AND 780 THEN 3 --21 to 65
WHEN months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) > 780 then 4 --older than 65
ELSE NULL END
FROM mw_clients cThanks in advance!
Jim P.Below solution is very easy to write.
But I think that performance will be bad.Not really as dual is internal to the SQL engine so there's little difference between the two...
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 with mw_clients as (select add_months(sysdate,-200) as birth_dt from dual union
2 select add_months(sysdate,-220) from dual union
3 select add_months(sysdate,-400) from dual)
4 -- END OF TEST DATA
5 select 4+
6 decode(Least(months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt),168),
7 168,decode(greatest(months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt),216),
8 216,-3,0)
9 ,0)+
10 decode(Least(months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt),217),
11 217,decode(greatest(months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt),252),
12 252,-2,0)
13 ,0)+
14 decode(Least(months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt),253),
15 253,decode(greatest(months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt),780),
16 780,-1,0)
17 ,0) as result
18* from mw_clients c
SQL> /
RESULT
3
2
1
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
Execution Plan
Plan hash value: 1277652150
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 3 | 27 | 9 (34)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | VIEW | | 3 | 27 | 9 (34)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | SORT UNIQUE | | 3 | | 9 (78)| 00:00:01 |
| 3 | UNION-ALL | | | | | |
| 4 | FAST DUAL | | 1 | | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 5 | FAST DUAL | | 1 | | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 6 | FAST DUAL | | 1 | | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
Statistics
1 recursive calls
0 db block gets
0 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
456 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
396 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
1 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
3 rows processed
SQL>
SQL> ed
Wrote file afiedt.buf
1 with mw_clients as (select add_months(sysdate,-200) as birth_dt from dual union
2 select add_months(sysdate,-220) from dual union
3 select add_months(sysdate,-400) from dual)
4 -- END OF TEST DATA
5 select c.birth_dt,
6 (select 1 from dual where months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) BETWEEN 168 AND 216 union
7 select 2 from dual where months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) BETWEEN 217 AND 252 union
8 select 3 from dual where months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) BETWEEN 253 AND 780 union
9 select 4 from dual where months_between(sysdate , c.birth_dt) > 780
10 ) as result
11* from mw_clients c
SQL> /
BIRTH_DT RESULT
06/08/1974 10:15:39 3
06/08/1989 10:15:39 2
06/04/1991 10:15:39 1
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
Execution Plan
Plan hash value: 706016619
| Id | Operation | Name | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)| Time |
| 0 | SELECT STATEMENT | | 3 | 27 | 9 (34)| 00:00:01 |
| 1 | SORT UNIQUE | | 4 | | 12 (84)| 00:00:01 |
| 2 | UNION-ALL | | | | | |
|* 3 | FILTER | | | | | |
| 4 | FAST DUAL | | 1 | | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 5 | FILTER | | | | | |
| 6 | FAST DUAL | | 1 | | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 7 | FILTER | | | | | |
| 8 | FAST DUAL | | 1 | | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
|* 9 | FILTER | | | | | |
| 10 | FAST DUAL | | 1 | | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 11 | VIEW | | 3 | 27 | 9 (34)| 00:00:01 |
| 12 | SORT UNIQUE | | 3 | | 9 (78)| 00:00:01 |
| 13 | UNION-ALL | | | | | |
| 14 | FAST DUAL | | 1 | | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 15 | FAST DUAL | | 1 | | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
| 16 | FAST DUAL | | 1 | | 2 (0)| 00:00:01 |
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
3 - filter(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B1)<=216 AND
MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B2)>=168)
5 - filter(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B1)<=252 AND
MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B2)>=217)
7 - filter(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B1)<=780 AND
MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B2)>=253)
9 - filter(MONTHS_BETWEEN(SYSDATE@!,:B1)>780)
Statistics
1 recursive calls
0 db block gets
0 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
538 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
396 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
4 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
3 rows processed
SQL> ed -
Decode Statement Inside the Case statement
Can we use Decode Statement inside a CASE Statement as show below --
It is giving an error -- Is the a better way to write with out any error
create or replace
function test (a varchar2) RETURN VARCHAR2
is
m varchar2(20);
begin
m :=
CASE
WHEN a IN (
'1009' -- (soon obsolete)
,'1010'
,'1019'
,'1051'
,'XGP'
,'XSC')
THEN (SELECT DECODE(v_lef_cd,'NAM','71','GLB','99','01') into m FROM DUAL)
-- ) THEN '01' -- UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
WHEN a IN (
'1069' -- South Africa
,'SAO' -- South Africa
,'SA' -- South Africa
) THEN '26' -- South Africa
ELSE NULL
END;
return m;
end;Hi,
You can only use DECODE in SQL statements.
Your SELECT DECODE (...) INTO statement would work anywhere a PL/SQL statement is allowed; but PL/SQL statements are not allowed within CASE expressions.
Remember, the expression that comes after THEN in a CASE expression must be a single value.
I would write a function like this using IF ... ELSIF statements. It's a little more typing than CASE, but a lot easier to code, test and maintain.
If you want to use CASE, here's one way:
... m := CASE
WHEN a IN ('1069', 'SAO', 'SA')
THEN '26' -- South Africa
WHEN a NOT IN ('1009', '1019', '1051', 'XGP', 'XSC')
OR a IS NULL
THEN NULL
WHEN v_lef_cd = 'NAM'
THEN '71'
WHEN v_lef_cd = 'GLB'
THEN '99'
ELSE '01' -- USA
END;This assumes that you have a variable v_lef_cd defined.
If you want, you can nest CASE expressions, like this:
... m := CASE
WHEN a IN ('1069', 'SAO', 'SA')
THEN '26' -- South Africa
WHEN a IN ('1009', '1019', '1051', 'XGP', 'XSC')
THEN CASE v_lef_cd
WHEN 'NAM'
THEN '71'
WHEN 'GLB'
THEN '99'
ELSE '01' -- USA
END
END;Always format your code, so you can see where the CASE expressions and each of the WHEN clauses begin and end.
When posting formatted text on this site, type these 6 characters:
(all small letters, inside curly brackets) before and after sections of formatted text, to preserve spacing. -
Hi,
I have query with a case statement as follows:
SELECT * FROM table
WHERE
CASE WHEN :variable like 'A' THEN column END is null
WHEN :variable like 'B' THEN column END is not null;
This works fine when returning "column is null" but not when "column is not null".
Can I use a CASE statement like this?
Thanks
LucyMy data is too complicated to show, but depending on the value of the bind variable in the statement I want to return all the rows in a query where the data in a particular column is either null or not null.For example, looking at the EMP table, if my bind variable is whether I want to show the top manager or not, if set to 'Yes' I would like to return all rows of the EMP table where mgr is null (i.e. the one row where ename is 'KING'), if it were set to 'No' I would like to return all the rows where mgr is not null (i.e. all the other rows). The difference with my query is that the column contains strings, not numerics.
I've used a CASE statement before where I equate the column to a particular value and that works fine, but I'm not sure how they deal with nulls. I've also tried DECODE and didn't get anywhere with that.
Thanks
Lucy -
CASE STATEMENTS AND CASE EXPRESSIONS IN ORACLE9I PL/SQL
제품 : PL/SQL
작성날짜 : 2001-11-13
CASE STATEMENTS AND CASE EXPRESSIONS IN ORACLE9I PL/SQL
=======================================================
PURPOSE
아래의 자료는 Case 문에서 oracle 8.1.7과 Oracle 9i의 New Feature로 8.1.7에서는
sqlplus 에서만 가능했고, 9i 부터는 pl/sql 까지 가능하다.
Explanation
1. Oracle 8.1.7 Feature
Oracle 8.1.7 에서 Case 문은 Decode 문과 유사하지만, 기존의 decode 문을 쓰는 것보다
더 많은 확장성과 Logical Power와 좋은 성능을 제공한다. 주로 나이와 같이 category 별로
나눌때 주로 사용하고 Syntex는 아래와 같다.
CASE WHEN <cond1> THEN <v1> WHEN <cond2> THEN <v2> ... [ELSE <vn+1> ] END
각각의 WHEN...THEN 절의 argument 는 255 까지 가능하고 이 Limit를 해결하려면
Oracle 8i Reference를 참조하면 된다.
The maximum number of arguments in a CASE expression is 255, and each
WHEN ... THEN pair counts as two arguments. To avoid exceeding the limit of 128 choices,
you can nest CASE expressions. That is expr1 can itself be a CASE expression.
Case Example : 한 회사의 모든 종업원의 평균 봉급을 계산하는데 봉급이 $2000보다 작은경우
2000으로 계산을 하는 방법이 pl/sql을 대신하여 case function을 사용할 수 있다.
SELECT AVG(CASE when e.sal > 2000 THEN e.sal ELSE 2000 end) FROM emp e;
Case Example : 나이를 column으로 가지고 있는 customer table을 예로 들어보자.
SQL> SELECT
2 SUM(CASE WHEN age BETWEEN 70 AND 79 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as "70-79",
3 SUM(CASE WHEN age BETWEEN 80 AND 89 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as "80-89",
4 SUM(CASE WHEN age BETWEEN 90 AND 99 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as "90-99",
5 SUM(CASE WHEN age > 99 THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) as "100+"
6 FROM customer;
70-79 80-89 90-99 100+
4 2 3 1
1 SELECT
2 (CASE WHEN age BETWEEN 70 AND 79 THEN '70-79'
3 WHEN age BETWEEN 80 and 89 THEN '80-89'
4 WHEN age BETWEEN 90 and 99 THEN '90-99'
5 WHEN age > 99 THEN '100+' END) as age_group,
6 COUNT(*) as age_count
7 FROM customer
8 GROUP BY
9 (CASE WHEN age BETWEEN 70 AND 79 THEN '70-79'
10 WHEN age BETWEEN 80 and 89 THEN '80-89'
11 WHEN age BETWEEN 90 and 99 THEN '90-99'
12* WHEN age > 99 THEN '100+' END)
SQL> /
AGE_G AGE_COUNT
100+ 1
70-79 4
80-89 2
90-99 3
Example
2. Oracle 9i Feature
Oracle 9i부터는 pl/sql에서도 case문을 사용할 수 있으면 이것은
복잡한 if-else 구문을 없애고, C언어의 switch문과 같은 기능을 한다.
아래의 9i pl/sql Sample 및 제약 사항을 보면 아래와 같다.
Sample 1:
A simple example demonstrating the proper syntax for a case
statement
using a character variable as the selector. See the section entitled
'Restrictions' at the end of this article for details on which PLSQL
datatypes may appear as a selector in a case statement or
expression.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
declare
achar char(1) := '&achar';
begin
case achar
when 'A' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was Excellent');
when 'B' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was Very Good');
when 'C' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was Good');
when 'D' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was Fair');
when 'F' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was Poor');
else dbms_output.put_line('The description was No such Grade');
end case;
end;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sample 2:
A simple example demonstrating the proper syntax for a case
expression
using a character variable as the selector. See the section entitled
'Restrictions' at the end of this article for details on which PLSQL
datatypes may appear as a selector in a case statement or
expression.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
declare
achar char(1) := '&achar';
description varchar2(20);
begin
description :=
case achar
when 'A' then 'Excellent'
when 'B' then 'Very Good'
when 'C' then 'Good'
when 'D' then 'Fair'
when 'F' then 'Poor'
else 'No such grade'
end;
dbms_output.put_line('The description was ' || description);
end;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
NOTE: The above simple samples demonstrate two subtle differences in the
syntax
required for case statements and expressions.
1) A case STATEMENT is terminated using the 'end case' keywords; a
case
EXPRESSION is terminated using only the 'end' keyword.
2) Each item in a case STATEMENT consists of one or more
statements, each
terminated by a semicolon. Each item in a case expression
consists of
exactly one expression, not terminated by a semicolon.
Sample 3:
Sample 1 demonstrates a simple case statement in which the selector
is
compared for equality with each item in the case statement body.
PL/SQL
also provides a 'searched' case statement as an alternative; rather
than
providing a selector and a list of values, each item in the body of
the
case statement provides its own predicate. This predicate can be any
valid boolean expression, but only one case will be selected.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
declare
achar char(1) := '&achar';
begin
case
when achar = 'A' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was
Excellent');
when achar = 'B' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was Very
Good');
when achar = 'C' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was
Good');
when achar = 'D' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was
Fair');
when achar = 'F' then dbms_output.put_line('The description was
Poor');
else dbms_output.put_line('The description was No such Grade');
end case;
end;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sample 4:
This sample demonstrates the proper syntax for a case expression of
the
type discussed in Sample 3 above.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
declare
achar char(1) := '&achar';
description varchar2(20);
begin
description :=
case
when achar = 'A' then 'Excellent'
when achar = 'B' then 'Very Good'
when achar = 'C' then 'Good'
when achar = 'D' then 'Fair'
when achar = 'F' then 'Poor'
else 'No such grade'
end;
dbms_output.put_line('The description was ' || description);
end;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sample 5:
This sample demonstrates the use of nested case statements. It is
also
permissable to nest case expressions within a case statement (though
it
is not demonstrated here), but nesting of case statements within a
case
expression is not possible since statements do not return any value.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
declare
anum1 number := &anum1;
anum2 number := &anum2;
answer number;
begin
case anum1
when 1 then case anum2
when 1 then answer := 10;
when 2 then answer := 20;
when 3 then answer := 30;
else answer := 999;
end case;
when 2 then case anum2
when 1 then answer := 15;
when 2 then answer := 25;
when 3 then answer := 35;
else answer := 777;
end case;
else answer := 555;
end case;
dbms_output.put_line('The answer is ' || answer);
end;
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code ends here - - - - - - - - - - - -
Sample 6:
This sample demonstrates nesting of case expressions within another
case
expression. Note again the absence of semicolons to terminate both
the
nested case expression and the individual cases of those
expressions.
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Code begins here - - - - - - - - - - - -
set serveroutput on
declare
anum1 number := &anum1;
anum2 number := &anum2;
answer number;
begin
answer :=
case anum1
when 1 then case anum2
when 1 then 10
when 2 then 20
when 3 then 30
else 999
end
when 2 then case anum2
when 1 then 15
when 2 then 25
when 3 then 35
else 777
end
else 555
end;
dbms_output.put_line('The answer is ' || answer);
end;
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Although PL/SQL anonymous blocks have been used in all of the examples
so far,
case statements and expressions can also be used in procedures,
functions, and
packages with no changes to the syntax.
The following samples are included for completeness and demonstrate the
use of
case statements and/or expressions in each of these scenarios.
Sample 7:
This sample demonstrates use of a case statement in a stored
procedure.
Note that this sample also demonstrates that it is possible for each
of
the items in the case body to consist of more than one statement.
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set serveroutput on
create or replace procedure testcasestmt ( anum IN number ) is
begin
case
when anum = 1 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was One');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 1');
when anum = 2 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Two');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 2');
when anum = 3 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Three');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 3');
when anum = 4 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Four');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 4');
when anum = 5 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Five');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 5');
else dbms_output.put_line('The description was Invalid input');
dbms_output.put_line('In the else case');
end case;
end;
exec testcasestmt(&anum);
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Sample 8:
This sample demonstrates the use of a case statement in a stored
package.
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set serveroutput on
create or replace package testpkg2 is
procedure testcasestmt ( anum IN number );
function testcasestmt_f ( anum IN number ) return number;
end testpkg2;
create or replace package body testpkg2 is
procedure testcasestmt ( anum IN number ) is
begin
case
when anum = 1 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was One');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 1');
when anum = 2 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Two');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 2');
when anum = 3 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Three');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 3');
when anum = 4 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Four');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 4');
when anum = 5 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Five');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 5');
else dbms_output.put_line('The description was Invalid input');
dbms_output.put_line('In the else case');
end case;
end;
function testcasestmt_f ( anum IN number ) return number is
begin
case
when anum = 1 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was One');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 1');
when anum = 2 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Two');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 2');
when anum = 3 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Three');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 3');
when anum = 4 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Four');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 4');
when anum = 5 then dbms_output.put_line('The number was Five');
dbms_output.put_line('In case 5');
else dbms_output.put_line('The description was Invalid input');
dbms_output.put_line('In the else case');
end case;
return anum;
end;
end testpkg2;
exec testpkg2.testcasestmt(&anum);
variable numout number
exec :numout := testpkg2.testcasestmt_f(&anum);
print numout
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Sample 9:
This sample demonstrates the use of a case expression in a stored
package.
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set serveroutput on
create or replace package testpkg is
procedure testcase ( anum IN number );
function testcase_f ( anum IN number ) return number;
end testpkg;
create or replace package body testpkg is
procedure testcase ( anum IN number ) is
anumber number := anum;
anothernum number;
begin
anothernum :=
case
when anumber = 1 then anumber + 1
when anumber = 2 then anumber + 2
when anumber = 3 then anumber + 3
when anumber = 4 then anumber + 4
when anumber = 5 then anumber + 5
else 999
end;
dbms_output.put_line('The number was ' || anothernum);
end;
function testcase_f ( anum IN number ) return number is
anumber number := anum;
anothernum number;
begin
anothernum :=
case
when anumber = 1 then anumber + 1
when anumber = 2 then anumber + 2
when anumber = 3 then anumber + 3
when anumber = 4 then anumber + 4
when anumber = 5 then anumber + 5
else 999
end;
dbms_output.put_line('The number was ' || anothernum);
return anothernum;
end;
end testpkg;
variable numout number
exec testpkg.testcase(&anum);
exec :numout := testpkg.testcase_f(&anum);
print numout
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제약 사항
다음의 databasetype은 case 문에서 지원되지 않는다.
BLOB
BFILE
VARRAY
Nested Table
PL/SQL Record
PL/SQL Version 2 tables (index by tables)
Object type (user-defined type)
All of these types except for object types face a similar restriction
even for if statements (i.e. they cannot be compared for equality directly) so this is unlikely to change for these types. Lack of support for object types is simply an implementation restriction which may be relaxed in future releases.
Reference Ducumment
Oracle 8.1.7 Manual
NOTE:131557.1I have done the following code but doesn't
like the statement of - "case(butNext)". What do you mean "doesn't like" -- did you get an error message?
I'm guessing it won't compile because you're trying to switch on a Button.
I tried something
like "g.fillOval(100,50,70,90, BorderLayout.NORTH)"...no that doesn't make sense. You only use BorderLayout.NORTH when you're adding components to a BorderLayout layout manager. An oval is not a component and fillOval isn't adding a component and Graphics is not a Panel or layout manager.
Would appreciate it if someone could tell me how to position
shapes using the graohic method. I think the problem is that you're confusing shapes with components.
Maybe you are looking for
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