Designing contraints with Objects

I am new to Oracle schema design, and would like to hear opinions on the following type restrictions for nested tables.
1. Enumerations - What is the best way to implement an enumeration constraint.
a. Separate constraint on every location of every
table that the enumeration is applied.
b. Use a REF to a table with the enumeration.
c. other suggestions?
2. Natural and Positive contraints. The only thing I can
think of is to place the constraint on every location of
every table or to start breaking things up through refs.
Is there another way?
I hope that I'm missing something, because I'm not crazy about any of these options.

Enumerations are typically called lookup tables in database lingo.
Make a record in the lookup table for each entry in your enumeration. Wherever you reference the enumeration, make a foreign key pointing to the lookup.
Avoid solutions which toss all enumerations into a single grand lookup table or such. Yes, you will have a lot of small tables and no you will not have a single elegant re-usable component that can handle everything. Implementations that do the above tend to inhibit concurrent transactions as they tend to encourage serialization bottlenecks.
You are correct that you will not have sufficient access speeds with your XML parsing. Nor will you have integrity, manipulability, inference, or anything else that you get with a proper relational design.
I believe XML is intended to be a data exchange markup language, and given it's extraordinary verbosity it could have implemented this relatively mundane task a lot better. The database might have a service layer for parsing XML for import/export/various API but the notion of maintaining persistent XML for the purposes of search, integrity, or manipulation is flawed.
Chris

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