Difference between ORA-00018 & ORA-00020

Hi experts,
I am confused about ORA-00018 & ORA-00020, it easier to understand how number of session increased [ora-18],
but what are the special causes that increase number of oracle processes [ora-20] ?
Thanks in advance.

There is a relationship between sessions on a database and the
number of
processes. What happens if we increase the number of sessions without
increasing the number of processes???
The parameters SESSIONS and PROCESSES determine the
size of two arrays in the SGA.
If you try to create more sessions on an instance than specified
by the SESSIONS parameter, you will get an ORA-00018: maximum
number of sessions exceeded.
If you try to create more processes on an instances than specified
by the PROCESSES prameter, you wil get an ORA-00020: maximum
number of processes exceeded.
The number of sessions and processes on your instance can been
seen using a COUNT(*) against V$PROCESS and V$SESSION.
Your job is to determine resonable values, so your users can continue
to work without getting neither ORA-18 nor ORA-20 during normal
conditions. (A run away job, that keeps starting new sessions is not
a normal condition, and it should be stopped by ORA-18 or ORA-20
whichever happens first).
You can join the two V$-views using the columns V$SESSION.PADDR
and V$PROCESS.ADDR.
It is quite normal to see a 1:1 relationship between processes
and sessions. However one OCI-program can create multiple
sessions belonging to one process. Users of Oracle Portal
will experience this behaviour.
The default value for SESSIONS is 1.1*PROCESSES + 5.
It is appropriate for some databases and inappropriate for
others (e.g. Oracle Portal).
Also, I remember a limit on the OS regarding the number of processes
allowed per Oracle user - also I know there is a semaphore
relationship.
On HP-UX there is a kernel parameter called NPROC. Like
PROCESSES and SESSIONS it should have a reasonable
value.
answered by
Jesper Haure Norrevangsource:-http://ora-00020.ora-code.com/msg/40800.html

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Copyright (c) 2003, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
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CREATE TABLE "OE"."CUSTOMERS" ("CUSTOMER_ID" NUMBER(6,0), "CUST_FIRST_NAME" VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT "CUST_FNAME_NN" NOT NULL ENABLE, "CUST_LAST_NAME" VARCHAR2(20) CONSTRAINT "CUST_LNAME_NN" NOT NULL ENABLE, "CUST_ADDRESS" "OE"."CUST_ADDRESS_TYP" , "PHONE_NUMBERS" "OE"."PHONE_LIST_TYP" , "NLS_LANGUAGE" VARCHAR2(3), "NLS_TERRITORY" VARCHAR2(30), "CREDIT_LIMIT" NUMBER(9,2), "CUST_EMAIL" VARCHAR2(30), "ACCOUNT_MGR_ID" NU
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ORA-39117: Type needed to create table is not included in this operation. Failing sql is:
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Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SH"."CUSTOMERS" 9.850 MB 55500 rows
. . imported "SH"."SUPPLEMENTARY_DEMOGRAPHICS" 695.9 KB 4500 rows
. . imported "OE"."PRODUCT_DESCRIPTIONS" 2.379 MB 8640 rows
. . imported "SH"."SALES":"SALES_Q4_2001" 2.257 MB 69749 rows
. . imported "SH"."SALES":"SALES_Q1_1999" 2.070 MB 64186 rows
. . imported "SH"."SALES":"SALES_Q3_2001" 2.129 MB 65769 rows
. . imported "SH"."SALES":"SALES_Q1_2000" 2.011 MB 62197 rows
. . imported "SH"."SALES":"SALES_Q1_2001" 1.964 MB 60608 rows
. . imported "SH"."SALES":"SALES_Q2_2001" 2.050 MB 63292 rows
. . imported "SH"."SALES":"SALES_Q3_1999" 2.166 MB 67138 rows
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ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
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GRANT SELECT ON "HR"."REGIONS" TO "USER1"
ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'EXAM_03' does not exist
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GRANT SELECT ON "HR"."REGIONS" TO "EXAM_03"
ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'USER1' does not exist
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GRANT SELECT ON "HR"."COUNTRIES" TO "USER1"
ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'EXAM_03' does not exist
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GRANT SELECT ON "HR"."COUNTRIES" TO "EXAM_03"
ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'USER1' does not exist
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GRANT SELECT ON "HR"."LOCATIONS" TO "USER1"
ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'EXAM_03' does not exist
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GRANT SELECT ON "HR"."LOCATIONS" TO "EXAM_03"
ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'USER1' does not exist
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GRANT SELECT ON "HR"."DEPARTMENTS" TO "USER1"
ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'EXAM_03' does not exist
Failing sql is:
GRANT SELECT ON "HR"."DEPARTMENTS" TO "EXAM_03"
ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'USER1' does not exist
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GRANT SELECT ON "HR"."JOBS" TO "USER1"
ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
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GRANT SELECT ON "HR"."JOBS" TO "EXAM_03"
ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'USER1' does not exist
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ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'EXAM_03' does not exist
Failing sql is:
GRANT SELECT ON "HR"."EMPLOYEES" TO "EXAM_03"
ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'USER1' does not exist
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ORA-39083: Object type OBJECT_GRANT failed to create with error:
ORA-01917: user or role 'EXAM_03' does not exist
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GRANT SELECT ON "HR"."JOB_HISTORY" TO "EXAM_03"
ORA-39112: Dependent object type OBJECT_GRANT:"OE" skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type OBJECT_GRANT:"OE" skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
ORA-39112: Dependent object type INDEX:"OE"."CUSTOMERS_PK" skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type INDEX:"OE"."CUST_ACCOUNT_MANAGER_IX" skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type INDEX:"OE"."CUST_LNAME_IX" skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type INDEX:"OE"."CUST_EMAIL_IX" skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type INDEX:"PM"."PRINTMEDIA_PK" skipped, base object type TABLE:"PM"."PRINT_MEDIA" creation failed
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
ORA-39112: Dependent object type CONSTRAINT:"OE"."CUSTOMER_CREDIT_LIMIT_MAX" skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type CONSTRAINT:"OE"."CUSTOMER_ID_MIN" skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type CONSTRAINT:"OE"."CUSTOMERS_PK" skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type CONSTRAINT:"PM"."PRINTMEDIA__PK" skipped, base object type TABLE:"PM"."PRINT_MEDIA" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type CONSTRAINT:"IX"."SYS_C005192" skipped, base object type TABLE:"IX"."ORDERS_QUEUETABLE" creation failed
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
ORA-39112: Dependent object type INDEX_STATISTICS skipped, base object type INDEX:"OE"."CUSTOMERS_PK" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type INDEX_STATISTICS skipped, base object type INDEX:"OE"."CUST_ACCOUNT_MANAGER_IX" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type INDEX_STATISTICS skipped, base object type INDEX:"OE"."CUST_LNAME_IX" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type INDEX_STATISTICS skipped, base object type INDEX:"OE"."CUST_EMAIL_IX" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type INDEX_STATISTICS skipped, base object type INDEX:"PM"."PRINTMEDIA_PK" creation failed
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
ORA-39112: Dependent object type COMMENT skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type COMMENT skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type COMMENT skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type COMMENT skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type COMMENT skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type COMMENT skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type COMMENT skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type COMMENT skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type COMMENT skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
ORA-39112: Dependent object type REF_CONSTRAINT:"OE"."CUSTOMERS_ACCOUNT_MANAGER_FK" skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39083: Object type REF_CONSTRAINT failed to create with error:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
Failing sql is:
ALTER TABLE "OE"."ORDERS" ADD CONSTRAINT "ORDERS_CUSTOMER_ID_FK" FOREIGN KEY ("CUSTOMER_ID") REFERENCES "OE"."CUSTOMERS" ("CUSTOMER_ID") ON DELETE SET NULL ENABLE
ORA-39112: Dependent object type REF_CONSTRAINT:"PM"."PRINTMEDIA_FK" skipped, base object type TABLE:"PM"."PRINT_MEDIA" creation failed
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TRIGGER
ORA-39082: Object type TRIGGER:"HR"."SECURE_EMPLOYEES" created with compilation warnings
ORA-39082: Object type TRIGGER:"HR"."SECURE_EMPLOYEES" created with compilation warnings
ORA-39082: Object type TRIGGER:"HR"."UPDATE_JOB_HISTORY" created with compilation warnings
ORA-39082: Object type TRIGGER:"HR"."UPDATE_JOB_HISTORY" created with compilation warnings
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/FUNCTIONAL_AND_BITMAP/INDEX
ORA-39112: Dependent object type INDEX:"OE"."CUST_UPPER_NAME_IX" skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/FUNCTIONAL_AND_BITMAP/INDEX_STATISTICS
ORA-39112: Dependent object type INDEX_STATISTICS skipped, base object type INDEX:"OE"."CUST_UPPER_NAME_IX" creation failed
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
ORA-39112: Dependent object type TABLE_STATISTICS skipped, base object type TABLE:"OE"."CUSTOMERS" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type TABLE_STATISTICS skipped, base object type TABLE:"PM"."PRINT_MEDIA" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type TABLE_STATISTICS skipped, base object type TABLE:"PM"."PRINT_MEDIA" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type TABLE_STATISTICS skipped, base object type TABLE:"IX"."ORDERS_QUEUETABLE" creation failed
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/DOMAIN_INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/POST_INSTANCE/PROCACT_INSTANCE
ORA-39112: Dependent object type PROCACT_INSTANCE skipped, base object type TABLE:"IX"."ORDERS_QUEUETABLE" creation failed
ORA-39083: Object type PROCACT_INSTANCE failed to create with error:
ORA-01403: no data found
ORA-01403: no data found
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BEGIN
SYS.DBMS_AQ_IMP_INTERNAL.IMPORT_SIGNATURE_TABLE('AQ$_ORDERS_QUEUETABLE_G');COMMIT; END;
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/POST_INSTANCE/PROCDEPOBJ
ORA-39112: Dependent object type PROCDEPOBJ:"IX"."AQ$_ORDERS_QUEUETABLE_V" skipped, base object type TABLE:"IX"."ORDERS_QUEUETABLE" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type PROCDEPOBJ:"IX"."ORDERS_QUEUE_N" skipped, base object type TABLE:"IX"."ORDERS_QUEUETABLE" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type PROCDEPOBJ:"IX"."ORDERS_QUEUE_R" skipped, base object type TABLE:"IX"."ORDERS_QUEUETABLE" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type PROCDEPOBJ:"IX"."AQ$_ORDERS_QUEUETABLE_E" skipped, base object type TABLE:"IX"."ORDERS_QUEUETABLE" creation failed
ORA-39112: Dependent object type PROCDEPOBJ:"IX"."ORDERS_QUEUE" skipped, base object type TABLE:"IX"."ORDERS_QUEUETABLE" creation failed
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Hi
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ORA-01110: data file 1: '+DATADG/instance1/datafile/system.284.697137287'
From what research I did...it appears that since I did not have a level=0 incremental from before, it could not reset the database back in time. The previous one had been deleted since, I guess I had a redundancy of 1.
So, I thought I had a week backup they way I have it set..but that assumes that errors are found pretty quickly before the next level=0 backup.
I want at least 1 to 1.5 weeks worth of backups. I do have the problem that we do not have many tapes in rotation, so I cannot go for too long...may 2x weeks tops.
I'm trying to rethink my strategy, but I'm confused as I read as to the difference between setting RMAN retention with redundancy vs recovery window.
Can someone give me an explanation how you understand it? I'm reading on the web and in oracle books, and for some reason, it just isn't clear to me what is the best way to go....especially when I see that redundancy and recovery window might both be set??
Thank you in advance,
cayenne

Dear Cayenne
AFAIK RMAN doesn't claim that "you haven't enough backup". Please read the error you got carefully
ORA-01180: can not create datafile 1
ORA-01110: data file 1: '+DATADG/instance1/datafile/system.284.697137287'
and check the following link:
ORA-01180: Cannot create datafile 1 when doing RMAN restore onto 2nd server
Moreover, could you please use LIST BACKUP command and see whether you have enough backups?
Read "Redundancy Based Backup Retention Policy" from the following link:
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/backup.102/b14192/strategy003.htm#sthref139

Differences between Oracle SID / Instance/ Listener / Service or Service_Na

Hi guys, i am confuse about the following terms above and how they relate to one another when connecting to a database..
This is what i know
- SID is the identifier of an Oracle Instance.
- An Oracle Instance is a group of programs and memory allocated for accessing the database.
- A database is a group of data files, control files etc.
- A database can be accessed by different instances at the same time.
- A instance can only access 1 database at a time.
From what i know, this are my questions below
1) An instance can only access 1 database(9i) at a time, but does that mean an instance can also access another database of different version(10g) at another time ? If it is possible, what parameter file should i look into ?
2) Can i run two or more instances in the same computer if each instance is assign to access different database of the same version or different version?
3) let say i have 2 instance each accessing a database of its own, how many listener do i need ?
4) when i look into tnsnames.ora, some of the connect_data contains SID, whereas some only contains service_name.
Can I know what is Service_Name ?
What is the difference between SID and service_name when use in accessing the database?
Care to advice? Thanks gurus. Deeply appreciated.

Hi guys, i am confuse about the following terms above
and how they relate to one another when connecting to
a database..
This is what i know
- SID is the identifier of an Oracle Instance.
- An Oracle Instance is a group of programs and
memory allocated for accessing the database.
- A database is a group of data files, control files
etc.
- A database can be accessed by different instances
at the same time.
- A instance can only access 1 database at a time.
From what i know, this are my questions below
1) An instance can only access 1 database(9i) at a
time, but does that mean an instance can also access
another database of different version(10g) at another
time ? If it is possible, what parameter file should
i look into ?No it is not possible, the instance is associated to only one database. The oracle instance is created based on the rdbms installed version, and the rdbms version (including patchset) should match the database version, otherwise, the operation dba should perform is the upgrade process.
2) Can i run two or more instances in the same
computer if each instance is assign to access
different database of the same version or different
version?Yes, you can first have as much installed RDBMS as your computer can have, obviously each rdbms installed on different Oracle Homes (restriction started since 8.1.5), and you can start as many instances as the host is able to handle depending on the resources and kernel parameter the host is configured with.
3) let say i have 2 instance each accessing a
database of its own, how many listener do i need ?The minimum number of listeners is 1, this is enough to handle all connections, if you are planning to setup more than two listeneres, it is up to you, each listener must have its own port and you should beware of the self-instance registration issues at the default 1521 port.
4) when i look into tnsnames.ora, some of the
connect_data contains SID, whereas some only contains
service_name.
Can I know what is Service_Name ?
What is the difference between SID and service_name
when use in accessing the database?SID is the way Oracle used to configure tns connect alias up to version 8.0 it is just considered for backward compatibility, but its use should be deprecated. Using services is the way to configure tns connect alias starting from 8i. A service is a way to refer to an instance. Administering by means of services is a helpful topic when administering RAC environments. You can declare certain instances to belong to a service and other to another service name, this way you can better distribuite workloads during peak hours and off time, you can better schedule tasks and avoid bottlenecks by redirecting jobs to specific services and using features such as resource manager.
~ Madrid

Any difference between distinct and aggregate function in sql query cost???

Hi,
I have executed many sql stmts patterns- such as:
a) using a single table
b) using two tables, using simple joins or outer joins
but i have not noticed any difference in sql stmts in cost and in execution plan....
Anyway, my colleague insists on that using aggregate function is less costly compared to
distinct....(something i have not confirmed, that's why i beleive that they are exactly the same...)
For the above reffered 1st sql pattern.. we could for example use
select distinct deptno
from emp
select count(*), deptno
from emp
group by deptno select distinct owner, object_type from all_objects
select count(*), owner, object_type from all_objects
group by owner, object_typeHave you found any difference between the two ever...????
Note: I use Ora DB 10g v2.
Thank you,
Sim

distinct and aggregate function are for different uses and may give same result but if u r using aggregate function to get distinct records, it will be expensive...
ex
select distinct deptno from scott.dept;
Statistics
0 recursive calls
0 db block gets
2 consistent gets
0 physical reads
0 redo size
584 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
488 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
0 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
4 rows processed
select deptno from scott.emp group by deptno;
Statistics
307 recursive calls
0 db block gets
60 consistent gets
6 physical reads
0 redo size
576 bytes sent via SQL*Net to client
488 bytes received via SQL*Net from client
2 SQL*Net roundtrips to/from client
6 sorts (memory)
0 sorts (disk)
3 rows processed
Nimish Garg
Software Developer
*(Oracle & ASP.NET)*
Indiamart Intermesh Limited, Noida
To Get Free Oracle & ASP.NET Code Snippets
Follow: http://nimishgarg.blogspot.com

Difference between 2 date variables

I have a query that selects data based on :
WHERE START_DATE >= &BEGIN
AND start_date <= &END
I need to find the difference between these 2 dates in order to use the result in a calculation in the totals area in a rtf I have, but don't know how to do a datediff with variables. Is it possible?
Thanks

You are running into a problem casting your character variables into dates. As you can see here, it is not such a good idea to let the database do this for you...
WITH temp AS
SELECT SYSDATE start_date FROM dual
SELECT *
FROM   temp
WHERE START_DATE >= &BEGIN
AND start_date <= &END + 1;
Enter value for begin: '01-dec-07'
old   7: WHERE START_DATE >= &BEGIN
new   7: WHERE START_DATE >= '01-dec-07'
Enter value for end: '01-jan-08'
old   8: AND start_date <= &END + 1
new   8: AND start_date <= '01-jan-08' + 1
AND start_date <= '01-jan-08' + 1
ERROR at line 8:
ORA-00932: inconsistent datatypes: expected DATE got NUMBERBut if you wrap the character strings with to_date()....
WITH temp AS
SELECT SYSDATE start_date FROM dual
SELECT *
FROM   temp
WHERE START_DATE >= to_date(&BEGIN,'DD-MON-YY')
AND start_date <= to_date(&END,'DD-MON-YY') + 1;
Enter value for begin: '01-DEC-07'
old   7: WHERE START_DATE >= to_date(&BEGIN,'DD-MON-YY')
new   7: WHERE START_DATE >= to_date('01-DEC-07','DD-MON-YY')
Enter value for end: '01-JAN-08'
old   8: AND start_date <= to_date(&END,'DD-MON-YY') + 1
new   8: AND start_date <= to_date('01-JAN-08','DD-MON-YY') + 1
START_DAT
18-DEC-07And to be absolutely correct, you should actually use a format mask with a full YYYY and supply a full year with your variables.
Greg

Difference between ORA-00018 & ORA-00020

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