High, mid, low reference level calculation

Hi,
    Does anyone know the equations for calculating the high, mid, low reference voltage?    I have set the reference voltages to 10%, 50% and 90%. I just don't know based on what the digitizer calculates the level.    For example 1, the Mid level is calculated as (Vtop+Vbase)*0.5.  Should it be  (Vtop-Vbase)*0.5?   The Hi and low reference calculations also do not add up.  I was  using a signal generator to generate the signals.  
 I am using PXI-5224 and niScope.lib verison 3.5.
Example 1
3Mhz Square Wave 3.3VPP    
ch0                              ch1
Vpp=4.704506            Vpp=4.575151
Vtop=3.304177           Vtop=3.304474
Vbase=-0.003679       Vbase=-0.618361
VHigh=3.304177          VHigh=3.304474
VLow=-0.003679         VLow=-0.001788
VMax=4.011691           VMax=3.956790
VMin=-0.692815           VMin=-0.618361
LowRef =0.327107 V    LowRef =-0.226078 V
MidRef =1.650249 V     MidRef =1.343056 V
HiRef =2.973391 V        HiRef =2.912190 V
RiseTime =7.437264      RiseTime =141.967975
FallTime =7.438606       FallTime =9.800559
Example 2 
ch0                                 ch1
Vpp=4.612737               Vpp=4.580664
Vtop=3.295510             Vtop=3.311956
Vbase=-0.001876         Vbase=-0.016182
VHigh=3.295510          VHigh=3.311956
VLow=-0.001876          VLow=-0.016182
VMax=3.971204            VMax=3.965059
VMin=-0.641533            VMin=-0.615605
LowRef =0.327863 V    LowRef =0.316632 V
MidRef =1.646817 V      MidRef =1.647887 V
HiRef =2.965772 V        HiRef =2.979142 V
RiseTime =7.605729     RiseTime =7.745428
FallTime =7.536156       FallTime =7.708538
Message Edited by kkwong on 04-16-2009 03:56 AM
Solved!
Go to Solution.

Hi all,
    I think I messed up the calcuation.  The reference voltages are are correct.  It is the (Vop+Vbase)/2 for mid ref level. The Lo and hi are also correct. 

Similar Messages

  • How to alter High/Mid/Lows of audio?

    I have an audio track that I want to bring down the high levels in that particular track. Is there any way in FCE to change the High/Mid/Low levels of audio?

    I want to bring down the high levels in that particular track
    Use an EQ filter or Low Pass filter.
    -DH

  • Reference level and scope vertical range

    what is the relation between reference level & scope vertical range?
    Solved!
    Go to Solution.

    Hello Alann,
    The NI High-Speed Digitizers help is very useful in defining these types of terms.
    From the help "Reference levels are high, low, and mid range values that you set to take rise time, fall time, width negative, width positive, duty cycle positive, and duty cycle negative measurements. Reference levels are generally configured in terms of the percentage of the waveform you acquire. By default, the low value is 10% of the waveform, the mid level is 50%, and the high value is 90%."
    Also from the NI High-Speed Digitizers help "Vertical range is the peak-to-peak voltage span that a digitizer can measure at the input connector. Most digitizers have several choices for vertical range."
    The only relation between these two concepts is in the fact that the vertical range defines the maximum peak values of your input signal, which also restricts your high and low reference levels.
    If you haven't installed the NI-Scope driver, but would still want to reference the help file it is available for download here.
    Regards,
    Dan King

  • Random 3 note tone, low high mid tone sound in succession.

    Hi All,
    Occasionally I get a three tone sound from my MBP.  It sounds like  something you would hear on a station with a low high mid tone sound in succession.  As it is too random it is hard to capture using opensnoop and filemon.
    Thanks, Dave.

    If you are running Skype, it could be alerts that contacts are available. You can turn the off in Skype/Preferences.

  • Make USB-6001 digital output always high or low in C

    Hello all,
    I am new to the NI DAQ interface. I have an USB-6001 and I am trying to use this device to control some logic circuit in C. So what I want to do is:
    * set some digital output lines to high or low levels, and change their status when needed (in C).
    I have tested the device in NI MAX -> Test Panels, and found that the device is able to do this. Then I try to do it in C. I hace checked the examples, and the function I should use is the one called "DAQmxWriteDigitalU32". I have problem in understanding its input parameters. I have tried something with my own understanding, but it does not work as I expected. Here is one test I did:
    uInt32   data=1;
    int32 written;
    TaskHandle taskHandle=0;
    DAQmxErrChk (DAQmxCreateTask("",&taskHandle));
    DAQmxErrChk (DAQmxCreateDOChan(taskHandle,"Dev1/port0/line7","",DAQmx_Val_ChanForAllLines));
    DAQmxErrChk (DAQmxStartTask(taskHandle));
    DAQmxErrChk (DAQmxWriteDigitalU32(taskHandle,1,1,10.0,DAQmx_Val_GroupByChannel,&data,&written,NULL));
    taskHandle=0;
    DAQmxErrChk (DAQmxCreateTask("",&taskHandle));
    DAQmxErrChk (DAQmxCreateDOChan(taskHandle,"Dev1/port0/line0","",DAQmx_Val_ChanForAllLines));
    DAQmxErrChk (DAQmxStartTask(taskHandle));
    DAQmxErrChk (DAQmxWriteDigitalU32(taskHandle,1,1,10.0,DAQmx_Val_GroupByChannel,&data,&written,NULL));
    I want to simply set "Dev1/port0/line7" and "Dev1/port0/line0" to high level, but only "Dev1/port0/line0" responds me. The second parameter of the function DAQmxWriteDigitalU32 corresponds to numSampsPerChan. If i replace it (currently 1) with a larger value, e.g. 100, I can see that "Dev1/port0/line7" sends a number of 1 out, then return back to 0. So I guess the problem is just that I do not understand well all parameters of the function DAQmxWriteDigitalU32. Can anyone please tell me how I can set a digital output line to 1 or 0? 
    Thanks!
    Hongkun
    Solved!
    Go to Solution.

    Hello,
    Here is a link explaining the inputs of function:
    http://zone.ni.com/reference/en-XX/help/370471W-01/daqmxcfunc/daqmxwritedigitalu32/
    Also here you can find a lot of examples in ANSI C
    http://www.ni.com/example/6999/en/
    Randy @Rscd27@

  • Low sound levels in Photo Booth and Imovie

    I am a new Mac user and I am trying to record a short video to email using the built-in Isight camera. I have tried to use Photo Booth and Imovie and both of them produce videos with very, very low sound levels. You can barely hear it even when turned up to the max. I have checked the Sound preferences, and it is set to the built-in microphone, about mid-level. I've tried cranking it up to the max and with and without Use ambient noise reduction checked. It has no effect. How do I get a decent sound level? It is unusable at this point. I've updated my Software and repaired permissions, and still no luck. Any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks.
    daomun

    Thanks for the response. I checked my midi audio settings and they are at the suggested rate. I called up an Apple support tech, and after trying a few things he basically said the internal mics are junk and go buy an external one. In the mean time, I've cranked up the sound levels to max, so I can hear it a little, but there is a ton of background hiss. I've done a web search and several people have reported this problem. so I think it might be something besides junk mics. Why do they install them if they are completely unusable? Thanks again. I'll try trashing the sound pref's too.
    daomun

  • Volume level on line-in at 100% but still low sound level when I rec

    For many years and hundreds of times I have successfully recorded wave files using a wave editor (Goldwave). I have transferred albums, tapes, and now satellite radio by running stereo cables from my receiver into my line-in on my sound card (using a stereo-to-mono adapter). The volume level on the line-in was always too loud on my old sound card, so I always turned the volume of the line-in down to about 20% and it worked just fine.
    Two weeks ago my old sound card fried (don't know the brand - got it from a friend, and I've already thrown it out). I replaced it with a Sound Blaster Li've! 24-Bit. However, using the same configuration (receiver into line-in on card), when I record now the volume level that it records at is way too low. Even when I set the line-in level at 00% the volume that it records at is not even half the level it was with my old sound card set at 20%. Basically, when I record now at 00% on the line-in, the volume level it records at is too low. I have no problem with the line-out level - when I play mp3's or anything else on my hard dri've the volume is crisp, clear, and plenty loud at 40%.
    But what is the deal with the low volume recording level? Is there another setting I need to change? Or do I not have the right sound card to do this with? Please let me know if it is a setting issue, or if I just need a different sound card to do this. Thanks.

    I've had an Audigy2-nx for a week and have struggled with low
    recording levels as well.
    Have you tried selecting "what you hear" instead of "Line-In"?
    This gives me about 20% higher input levels.
    I gave up on MedeaSource for variable bitrate recordings and
    moved to dbPowerAmp. (direct recording to lame-mp3)
    Others here mention good VBR recordings with MedeaSource, but
    it won't exceed 90kbs (average) on my system.
    I'm finally getting decent recordings from line-in.

  • Forecast higher levl/lower levl

    HI,
      Forecast can be done at any level. is there any rules how to decide which level( higher/lower) suits for our industry? whats advantage and disadvantage of higher and lower level forecast? which is recomemnded by SAP?
    please explain with example...
    regards
    rajesh

    Hi Rajesh,
    On what level forecast has to be generated is decided by the industrial requirement.
    There is no specific rule for it.
    Accuracy of statistcial forecast which is generated by the system is highest at higher level.
    When statistical forecast is done at lowest level there is higher chance of variance in the forecast & sales
    due to which accurcay is afftected. At such times we need to use various models and check which one suits the best.
    Ideally statictical Forecast should be generated on intermediate level.
    eg. sku, region level instead of sku dealer/customer level.
    Option can be given for customers or dealers to forecast.
    Regards,
    Chetana

  • Low audio level in encoded ac3 file

    When I export from FCS 2 using Compressor, audio ac3 file has a low audio level. I was trying change settings in compressor but no result. Therefore I export audio from FCP as quick time movie - AIFF audio file. Then audio level is the same as in FCS. But file is so big. It takes so much space on my DVD when authoring with DVD Studio Pro. I make DVD - PAL. Anybody with the same problem?

    I'm glad you mentioned the preset, Silal. I kept meaning to bring that up, but forgot.
    Set Preprocessing to None. That will keep high level short duration sounds, like drums, etc., from overtaking your dialog, and crushing it.
    The way DIALNORM is intended to work, you set it to the average level of your dialog from your editing app. If you're working in FCP, then that might be something like -12. That setting will cause the player to attenuate the level so dialog is attenuated by 19dB (-31 minus -12 = 19dB of attenuation by the player).
    That, in turn, allows the ridiculously loud music and nat sounds in the film soundtrack to sound "more natural", as they blast your ear drums into bits. "More natural" means "much louder than dialog, just like they are in real life".
    Bah, humbug! Let me hear what the talent is saying. I don't care if I can hear every nuance of that rock ballad, I just want to be able to follow the story, the plot.
    Hey, I'm an old dude, you whippersnappers.
    But back to the point, by setting DIALNORM to -31, the player works out the math like this:
    -31 minus -31 = 0dB of attenuation
    So, your level should be exactly what it was before the compression/conversion. Why it isn't is a mystery, still.

  • How do I troubelsho​ot "low battery level detected" message?

    I recently restored my Windows 7 Home Premium to its factory default settings through hp recovery manager. All went fine but I am getting this really annoying message at the startup that "low battery level detected" and the battery needs to be replaced. Before the restore operation, I was getting almost 3 hours of battery support and after the restore I am now getting only half an hour.
    I am sure its not the battery, there is something else.
    I have tried updating the BIOS.
    Tried calibrating the battery.
    I even have calculated the battery rated output voltages and its giving in 11.02 V even after the system recognizes the battery completely drained. There is nothing wrong with the battery.
    Can anyone help me out?
    Regards,
    Farhat.
    hp dv6 1334ca
    4 GB DDR3
    2.2 Ghz T6600 Core 2 Duo
    This question was solved.
    View Solution.

    cvtwins wrote:
    I know next to nothing about computers.  I read your post and it seems like this is what I need to fix my computer.  I just bought it and everytime I turn it on I get the same error message you mentioned.  How did you go about fixing it?  Please don't worry about giving too many instructions, the more detailed, the better.  Thank you in advance for your help!
    See this page to calibrate the battery in safe mode
    http://h10025.www1.hp.com/ewfrf/wc/document?lc=en&​dlc=en&cc=us&lang=en&product=4125509&docname=c0081​...

  • IPhone 4S switches off at low battery levels

    Hello everyone,
    My iPhone 4S with less than 2 years is having problems. It powers off when it reaches (not so) low battery levels. It happened at as high as 16% of battery, and although it mostly happens when I try to open apps like Facebook or the Camera, it has happened also with stuff like the Phone app. It gets even worse, because although it still has more than 10% battery charge, the only way to power it up again is by pluging it to the transformer.
    Could this be battery related or is this a know iOS issue? I have been really careful with the battery since day one, so I would expect not to have such problems. It's really annoying, because I now have 85% of battery usage, not 100%, and I never know when it's going to power off next.
    Can anyone relate to this? Any suggestions about what I should try to fix it?
    I'm on the latest update of iOS 7.
    Thanks a lot!

    The best way to test the battery and make sure the level being displayed is as correct as it can be is to let the battery die completely, then plug it in to charge to 100% without using it. After that, see when it powers off. You can also make an appointment at the Genius Bar at Apple or your Authorized Apple Service Provider and they can test your battery.

  • How to reference LEVEL in a TREE's SQL code

    Is it possible to somehow reference LEVEL in a tree's sql code so that you can use a decode statement to selectively create links on specific levels only i.e. NOT on the root level?
    e.g.
    select "CHILD_ID" id,
    "PARENT_ID" pid,
    "NAME" name,
    decode( LEVEL, 1, null,'f?p=' || :APP_ID || ':43:' || :APP_SESSION || '::::P43_CHILD_ID:' || CHILD_ID) link,
    null a1,
    null a2
    from TREETABLE
    order by name
    one solution I've implemented is to create a DB function e.g.
    create or replace function get_tree_level(v_child_id number) return number
    is
    v_level number(2);
    begin
    select level
    into v_level
    from TREETABLE
    where child_id=v_child_id
    start with child_id=1
    connect by prior child_id= parent_id;
    return v_level;
    end;
    and then use
    decode( get_tree_level(child_id) 1, null,'f?p=' || :APP_ID || ':43:' || :APP_SESSION || '::::P43_CHILD_ID:' || CHILD_ID) link,
    but this is too slow as I have quite a few records in the tree and takes too long to render
    regards
    Paul P

    OK I found a workaround after reading
    How to add URL to tree
    The view my tree is build on is constructed out of 3 unions and 4 "selects" ( the first select creates the ROOT NODE where "1" is also used as a hard coded foreign key (Parent_id), in the company table.)
    I just added a new column called tree_level to the query which is hard coded wrt its level on the hierarchy.
    e.g.
    CREATE OR REPLACE FORCE VIEW COMCONSTUTREE ("CHILD_ID", "PARENT_ID", "NAME","TREE_LEVEL") AS
    select 1 as child_id,to_number(null) as parent_id ,'Company' as name,*1 as tree_level* from dual
    UNION
    select COM_ID, 1, COM_NAME,2
    from company
    UNION
    select CON_ID,CON_COMPANY_ID, substr(con_name,instr(con_name,' ')+1) ||', '||substr(con_name,1,instr(con_name,' ')-1),3
    from contact
    UNION
    select STU_ID,STU_CONTACT_ID, STU_LAST_NAME||', '||STU_FIRST_NAME ,4
    from student;
    the tree code now becomes
    select "CHILD_ID" id,
    "PARENT_ID" pid,
    "NAME" name,
    decode( tree_level,1, null,'f?p=' || :APP_ID || ':43:' || :APP_SESSION || ':TREE:::P43_CHILD_ID:' ||CHILD_ID) link,
    null a1,
    null a2
    from COMCONSTUTREE"
    order by name

  • How can I extract high and low parts of a string that represents a 64bits decimal number?

    I want to extract the high and low parts to interpret it and convert to binary code, but such a hugh number (represented by a string) isn't easy to extract from the string directly its high and low parts.

    LabVIEW can't handle a 64-bit integer. You will have to store it as two 32-bit integers. If you need exact math on those 64-bit intergers you will have to make up your own routines to handle the carries and what not. If you just need pretty good accuracy, covert both 32-bit integers to double, multiply the upper 32-bit number by 2*32 (also a double) and then add the lower 32-bit number to it.
    Good luck.

  • What are high and low values in sharepoint 2013 user permissions?

    So I hit this api:
    http://win-a3q7ml82p8f/sharepoint_site/_api/web/roledefinitions/
    And got the different high and low values. But I am not clear with what they mean:
    For eg:
    High: 176, Low: 138612833
    and
    High: 176, Low: 138612801
    So for different values of Low how does it change the permissions?
    For 176 its binary is 10110000. So looking at this table here: http://www.dctmcontent.com/sharepoint/Articles/Permissions%20and%20Mask%20Values.aspx
    I can understand that 176 would mean the following set of permissions:
    DeleteVersions
    OpenItems
    ApproveItems
    But what's confusing me is, that user has OpenItems permissions but not ViewListItems permission? Am I wrong in understanding this?
    Also how does the value of Low change the overall user permissions?
    Note: I looked at this answer: http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/sharepoint/en-US/9d6df168-e8f5-4323-8c34-0646c03eff68/rest-api-what-are-high-and-low-in-effectivebasepermissions-and-getusereffectivepermissions?forum=sharepointdevelopment
    But honestly I cant understand what that means. Can someone help please?

    check this blog may explain you...
    http://jamestsai.net/Blog/post/Understand-SharePoint-Permissions---Part-1-SPBasePermissions-in-Hex2c-Decimal-and-Binary---The-Basics.aspx
    Please remember to mark your question as answered &Vote helpful,if this solves/helps your problem. ****************************************************************************************** Thanks -WS MCITP(SharePoint 2010, 2013) Blog: http://wscheema.com/blog

  • Why lower audo levels when connecting to home stereo system

    I have connected an audio cable to the earphone output on the Nano.This cable has two RCA connectors that connect to the line-in of my home stereo system. It works fine except for one thing. The volume is lower than other sources that feed into a "line-in" input. To make things even across the system, is there some type of devise that will increase the output level of the headphone jack on the Nano? Or does using an Apple cable make any difference. I would think this little problem is just a case of the headphone output being of a lower output level than a "line-out" output.
    Thanks for suggestions.
    Lonnie
    Custom made PC   Windows XP Pro   1gig ram P4 4.06

    "I would think this little problem is just a case of the headphone output being of a lower output level than a "line-out" output."
    It is, which is why many people who want to do this use the iPod dock, which has a proper 'line out' socket.

Maybe you are looking for