How many types of transactions in ABAP

Hi,
Transactions
The normal way of executing ABAP code in the SAP system is by entering a transaction code. Transactions can be accessed via system-defined or user-specific, role-based menus. They can also be started by entering their transaction code (a mnemonic name of up to 20 characters) in the special command field, which is present in every SAP screen. Transactions can also be invoked programmatically by means of the ABAP statements CALL TRANSACTION and LEAVE TO TRANSACTION. Transaction codes can also be linked to screen elements or menu entries. Selecting such an element will start the transaction. The term "transaction" must not be misunderstood here: in the context just described, a transaction simply means calling and executing an ABAP program. In application programming, "transaction" often refers to an indivisible operation on data, which is either committed as a whole or undone (rolled back) as a whole. This concept exists in SAP but is there called a LUW (Logical Unit of Work). In the course of one transaction (program execution), there can be different LUWs.
Letu2019s have a look at the different kind of transactions:
Dialog transaction
These are the most common kind of transactions. The transaction code of a dialog transaction is linked to a Dynpro of an ABAP program. When the transaction is called, the respective program is loaded and the Dynpro is called. Therefore, a dialog transaction calls a Dynpro sequence rather than a program. Only during the execution of the Dynpro flow logic are the dialog modules of the ABAP program itself are called. The program flow can differ from execution to execution. You can even assign different dialog transaction codes to one program.
Parameter transaction
In the definition of a parameter transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with parameters. When you call a parameter transaction, the input fields of the initial Dynpro screen of the dialog transaction are filled with parameters. The display of the initial screen can be inhibited by specifying all mandatory input fields as parameters of the transaction.
Variant transaction
In the definition of a variant transaction code, a dialog transaction is linked with a transaction variant. When a variant transaction is accessed, the dialog transaction is called and executed with the transaction variant. In transaction variants, you can assign default values to the input fields on several Dynpro screens in a transaction, change the attributes of screen elements, and hide entire screens. Transaction variants are maintained in transaction SHD0.
Report transaction
A report transaction is the transaction code wrapping for starting the reporting process. The transaction code of a report transaction must be linked with the selection screen of an executable program. When you execute a report transaction, the runtime environment internally executes the ABAP statement SUBMITu2014more to come on that.
OO transaction
A new kind of transaction as of release 6.10. The transaction code of an OO transaction is linked with a method of a local or global class. When the transaction is called, the corresponding program is loaded, for instance methods an object of the class is generated and the method is executed.
Reward Points if found helpfull..
Cheers,
Chandra Sekhar.

Similar Messages

How many types of RFC's?

how many types of rfc's wat r they?

hi
A remote function call is a call to a function module running in a system different from the caller's. The remote function can also be called from within the same system (as a remote call).
RFC consists of two interfaces : A calling interface for ABAP Programs and a calling interface for Non-SAP programs.
Any ABAP program can call a remote function using the CALL FUNCTION...DESTINATION statement. The DESTINATION parameter tells the SAP System that the called function runs in a system other than the caller's.
RFC CLIENT and RFC SERVER
     RFC client is the instance that calls up the Remote Function Call to execute the function that is provided by an RFC server.
     The RFC Interface takes care of :-
- Converting all parameter data to the representation needed in the remote system
Calling the communication routines needed to talk to the remote system.
Handling communications errors, and notifying the caller, if desired ( using EXCEPTIONS paramater of the CALL FUNCTION).
You can use the CALL FUNCTION statement to call remote functions by including an additional DESTINATION clause.
CALL FUNCTION remotefunction
          DESTINATION dest
               EXPORTING f1 =
             IMPORTING f2 =
           TABLES t1 =
           EXCEPTIONS
The field dest can be either a literal or a variable. Logical destinations are defined in the RFCDES table via transaction SM59 or via the menu path: Tools ->Administration,Administration->Network->RFC destinations.
Calling remote functions locally :-
( i.e. call a remote function within the same system )
The two options to do this are
CALL FUNCTION...DESTINATION = 'NONE'
CALL FUNCTION... [no DESTINATION used]
Calling remote function modules BACK :-
    The remote function can invoke its own caller (if the caller is itself a function module), or any function module loaded with the caller.
    You can trigger this call-back mechanism   using
    CALL FUNCTION... DESTINATION 'BACK.
Synchronous RFC The calling program continues the execution only after the called function is complete.
Asynchronous RFC - The calling program continues the execution without waiting for return from the called function.
       Eg: CALL FUNCTION remotefunction STARTING NEW TASK taskname.
Transactional RFC - The called function module is executed exactly once in the RFC server system.Each function call is seen as a transaction in the target system. Transactional RFCs use the suffix IN BACKGROUND TASK .
       Eg : CALL FUNCTION remotefunction IN BACKGROUND TASK
regards
vijay
reward points if helpfull

HOW MANY TYPES OF transportable requests?

HOW MANY TYPES OF transportable requests?

Hi,
In R/3 Release 4.0, SAP has introduced the Change and Transport System (CTS), comprising the following tools:
1. Change and Transport Organizers(CTO)
2. Transport management system(TMS)
The Change and Transport Organizer (CTO) provides functions for organizing software development projects. It is designed to support projects of all sizes, whether they are carried out centrally or in a distributed environment.
The Transport Management System (TMS) organizes, monitors, and performs transports for allR/3 Systems within a system landscape. In addition, TMS is used to configure and manage the setting up of R/3 Systems and transport routes within a system landscape.
The Transport Management System (Transaction STMS) enables you to:
1. Define an R/3 System's role within a system landscape or transport domain
2. Configure the transport routes using either a graphical editor or hierarchical editor
3. Configure the transport tool transport control program tp.
4. Display the import queues of all R/3 Systems in the transport domain
5.Decide whether the quality assurance testing was successful in the QA System
6.Start the import of change requests in an import queue
The transports request can be of two types :
1. Customizing
2. Workbench
Customizing adapts the R/3 software to meet a company's individual business requirements by setting up the business transactions the company requires in R/3. Most Customizing is client-specific and affects only a particular client.
Workbench - Development changes are saved to Workbench change requests. Workbench change requests concern changes to R/3 Repository objects, such as ABAP programs, screens, data dictionary objects and global documentation.
To access the Workbench Organizer, use Transaction SE09
For more details go through the following link :
http://help.sap.com/erp2005_ehp_03/helpdata/EN/57/38e1824eb711d182bf0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm
Thanks,
Nitesh Jain

How many types of function modules are there

hi gurus,
how many types of function modules are there...
what type of function module bapi is....
i don't know much about that...
pls help me...
regards,
praveen

hi
hope it will help you.
<REMOVED BY MODERATOR>
Function Modules Used in Script:
In the Driver Program we must use all or some of the function modules that are listed below to transfer the data.
Open_Form
Close_Form
Start_Form
Write_Form
Write_Form_Lines
End_Form
Control_Form
Read_Form_elements
Read_Form_Lines
Any driver program must contain Open_Form, Close_Form and Write_Form. Other function modules are optional.
OPEN_FORM: This function module opens layout set printing. One must call this function module before he uses any of other layout set function modules like Write_Form, Start_Form, Control_Form etc., You need specify a layout set name in the export parameters of this function module. If nothing is passed to Open_Form then one should use Start_Form function module to open layout set before starting the output. The layout set opened by Open_Form should be closed by Close_Form function module, other wise output doesnt appear. We can use any number of Open_Form, Close_Form functions in one single program. But Close_Form must be there for every Open_Form in the program.
Some of the important export parameters we have to pass to Open_Form function module.
Form: Enter the Layout set name here, which then controls the output formatting. If nothing is specified then we must use Start_Form for opening layout set.
Language: Layout sets are Language dependent. Enter the desired language here. If the entered layout set is not in that language, then the function tries to open the Form entered in its original language. The default value is SY-LANGU.
Device: SAP Script can format a text on different device types. The device can be PRINTER or TELEX, TELEFAX, ABAP and SCREEN.
Dialog: Use parameter DIALOG to determine whether to display a dialog box before printing, in which the user can set several spool parameters for print formatting. Possible values: SPACE displays no print parameter screen. 'X' display print parameter screen. Default value: 'X'
Options: Use parameter OPTIONS to set several options for print formatting. The parameter has the structure ITCPO. The user can change some of the defined settings on the print control screen. The default value for Options is . We will discuss about ITCPO structure in detail later.
Other Export, Import and Exceptions are self-explanatory.
Close_Form: The function module closes the layout set opened using OPEN_FORM. The system executes any terminating processing steps for the last opened layout set. No Export parameters for this Function Module.
Start_Form: In-between the function modules OPEN_FORM and CLOSE_FORM, we can use different layout sets. This allows us to combine several different layout sets into one print output. However, we can combine only those layout sets that have the same page format. To switch layout sets, use the function module START_FORM. If another layout set is still open, we must close it first using END_FORM. If we specify no layout set name when calling START_FORM, the system restarts the last open layout set. If after OPEN_FORM no layout set was activated yet, the system leaves the function module with the exception UNUSED. Some of the important export parameters for this function module are
Form: The parameter contains the name of the layout set you want to use for printing. If you specify no layout set here, the system restarts the last active layout set.
Language: Layout sets are language-dependent. Enter the desired language here. If the layout set does not exist in this language, the system tries to call the layout set in its original language. If the parameter LANGUAGE is empty, the system uses the language of the last active layout set.
Startpage: Usually, SAP script starts with the page specified as start page in the layout set definition. If we want to start output with another layout set page, enter the name of the desired layout set page here. If the desired page is not defined, the system uses the start page defined in the layout set.
Program: To replace program symbols, SAP script must know which active program contains the work areas for the values to be passed. If we omit the parameter, the system searches for the field values in the program that was specified in the parameter OPTIONS (field TDPROGRAM) of OPEN_FORM. If we enter a program name, the system replaces the program symbols with the values from this program up to the next END_FORM.
Exceptions and other Export, Import parameters are self-explanatory.
Write_Form: The system outputs the layout set element specified in parameter ELEMENT into the currently opened layout set. In the parameter WINDOW we can specify the name of a window for the output. Remember that the layout set element must be defined in this window. The parameter FUNCTION specifies how to merge the text lines to be output with any existing contents in the window. In this case, there are differences between the different window types or areas. Some of the important export parameters used in Write_Form.
Element: Specify the name of the text element you want to output into the layout set window specified in the parameter WINDOW. The element must be defined in that layout set window. If you specify no element, the system uses the default element, if one is defined in the layout set.
Window: Specify the name of the window into which you want to output the layout set element specified in the parameter ELEMENT. Default value for Window is MAIN.
Function: The parameter determines how to output the text element into the respective window. The output type depends on the window type and area:
Window Type: MAIN Area: BODY
SET/APPEND: Appends to previous output.
Window Type: Main Area: Top/Bottom and
Window Type: Other than Main and all areas
SET : Delete the old element contents and prints the new elements
APPEND: Appends the new content to existing elements.
Type: The system interprets this parameter only for output to the main window. The parameter determines the area of the main window into which we want to output the element. Possible values: 'TOP' header area
'BODY' main area
'BOTTOM' footer area
Default value: 'BODY'
Write_Form_Lines: This function module outputs the text lines in table LINES into the specified layout set window. The text lines must have the SAP script ITF format. From the data in the text header, the system uses only the field TDSTYLE to apply the formatting attributes defined in the specified style for this text. If the field is empty, the system uses the identically named formatting attributes (character and paragraph formats) of the layout set.
Use parameter WINDOW to specify into which of the windows defined in the layout set we want to output the text. We can specify any window used in the layout set. The parameter FUNCTION determines how to merge the text lines to be output with any existing contents in the window. There are differences between the different window types or areas.
Header: This parameter contains the header of the text module we want to output in the current layout set. For the formatting process, the system uses only the entries in the header fields TDSTYLE and TDFORM. Structure: THEAD
WINDOW: Enter the name of the window into which we want to output the layout set element specified in parameter ELEMENT. Default value: 'MAIN'
FUNCTION: This parameter determines how to output the text element into the respective window. The output type depends on the window type and area: Window type MAIN, area BODY: 'SET' append to previous output 'APPEND' same as SET. DELETE' no effect. Window type MAIN, areas TOP and BOTTOM; all other windows: 'SET' delete old window or area contents and output the element 'APPEND' append the element to the existing elements 'DELETE' no effect Default value: 'SET'
TYPE: The system interprets this parameter only for output to the main window. The parameter determines the area of the main window into which you want to output the element. Possible values: 'TOP' header area 'BODY' main area 'BOTTOM' footer area Default value: 'BODY'
END_FORM: END_FORM ends the currently open layout set and executes the required termination processing. After calling this function module, no more layout set is active. For further output, we must start a new layout set using START_FORM. No Export parameters.
CONTROL_FORM: Use this function module to pass SAP Script Control Commands to the layout set. The Control command is passed through the export parameter COMMAND in quotes.
READ_FORM_ELEMENTS: This function module fills a table with all text elements that appear in one layout set. If we specify no layout set name, the system includes all elements of the currently open layout set. If we specify a layout set, the system uses the information about the active version of the layout set, retrieved from the database. Here we have two export parameters, Form and Language and a table parameter Elements.
READ_FORM_LINES: Use this function module to transfer the lines of a layout set element into an internal table. If we specify no layout set name, the system transfers the text lines of the currently open layout set. If we specify a layout set, the system uses the text lines of the active version of the layout set from the database. The Export parameters are Form, Language, Window and Element. If we pass these 4 parameters the function module returns a table with the lines from layout set.
Function modules are one element. There are no types. However sometimes an RFC enabled function module is referred to as RFC Function module, but really it is just a function module. Also BAPIs are function modules, but are usually referred to as just BAPI as opposed to BAPI Function module.
There is no different function module types , but calling the function module will be different.
check this function calls syntax
1. Calls a function module:
CALL FUNCTION func.
2. Call a function module in a different mode (asynchronous Remote Function Call):
CALL FUNCTION func STARTING NEW TASK taskname.
3. Call a function module in the update task:
CALL FUNCTION func IN UPDATE TASK.
4. Call a function module in a remote system (Remote Function Call, RFC ):
CALL FUNCTION func DESTINATION dest.
5. Asynchronous call to a function module with transactional processing (transactional Remote Function Call):
CALL FUNCTION func IN BACKGROUND TASK.
qRFC with output queue
6. Call a function module that can be activated in the context of enhancements:
CALL CUSTOMER-FUNCTION func.
Cheers,
Chandru
Edited by: Alvaro Tejada Galindo on Feb 27, 2008 11:53 AM

How many types of rfcs are there

Hello,
Can any body explain about how many type of rfcs are there. give the difference also.
Thanks.

Hi,
Check this info.
These are the types of RFC
Asynchronous RFC (aRFC)
Synchronous RFC (sRFC)
Transactional RFC (tRFC)
Queued RFC (qRFC)
Parallel RFC (pRFC)
Asynchronous RFC :
This is used when you need to increase the performance of ABAP program by having system call more than one function module in parallel than forcing the program to wait for results .
Transactional RFC
This let you group one or more function module call together o tRFC LUW and ensure that fucnction module within LUW is called once . In contrast to aRFC and sRFC the tRFC belonging to tRFC LUW are executed in order .
tRFC is always used if a function is executed as a Logical Unit of Work (LUW). Within a LUW, all calls are
1.Executed in the order in which they are called
2.Executed in the same program context in the target system
3.Run as a single transaction: they are either committed or rolled back as a unit.
Implementation of tRFC is recommended if you want to guarantee that the transactional order of the calls is preserved
Asynchronous remote function calls (aRFCs) are similar to transactional RFCs, in that the user does not have to wait for their completion before continuing the calling dialog. There are three characteristics, however, that distinguish asynchronous RFCs from transactional RFCs:
When the caller starts an asynchronous RFC, the called server must be available to accept the request.
The parameters of asynchronous RFCs are not logged to the database, but sent directly to the server.
Asynchronous RFCs allow the user to carry on an interactive dialog with the remote system.
The calling program can receive results from the asynchronous RFC.
You can use asynchronous remote function calls whenever you need to establish communication with a remote system, but do not want to wait for the functions result before continuing processing. Asynchronous RFCs can also be sent to the same system. In this case, the system opens a new session (or window). You can then switch back and for between the calling dialog and the called session
RECEIVE RESULTS FROM FUNCTION Remotefunction is used within a FORM routine to receive the results of an asynchronous remote function call. The following receiving parameters are available:
IMPORTING
TABLES
EXCEPTIONS
The addition KEEPING TASK prevents an asynchronous connection from being closed after receiving the results of the processing. The relevant remote context (roll area) is kept for re-use until the caller terminates the connection.
Transactional RFC (tRFC) and Queued RFC (qRFC).
tRFC is used mainly to transfer ALE Intermediate Documents (IDocs).
Transactional RFC:
If an error occurs during a synchronous remote function call, the system cannot tell at what point the error occurred (most crucially, whether the function module was actually processed in R/3 before the operation failed). Restarting a failed call is therefore a dangerous thing to do, since you risk duplicating a completed function call.
To alleviate this problem, you can use transactional RFC, which guarantees that each function call you issue will only be executed once, even if you submit it repeatedly to the R/3 System. The system implements this safeguard by assigning a unique transaction ID (TID) to each transaction that you submit. When you attempt to process the transaction, the system checks whether that TID has already been processed. If it has, the transaction is ignored.
Disadvantages of tRFC
- tRFC processes all LUWs independent of one another. Due to the amount of activated tRFC processes, this procedure can reduce performance significantly in both the send and the target systems.
- In addition, the sequence of LUWs defined in the application cannot be kept. Therefore, there is no guarantee that the transactions are executed in the sequence dictated by the application. The only guarantee is that all LUWs are transferred sooner or later.
Queued RFC:
When you use transactional RFC, you cannot guarantee the order in which the function calls will be processed in the system (it is quite possible that one call might overtake another). For cases where you need to specify a particular processing order, you can use queued RFC, which is an extension of transactional RFC. In qRFC, you place each function call in a logical queue. A function call cannot be executed until all of its predecessors in the queue have been processed. Queued RFC calls are processed asynchronously
Therefore, Queued RFC is better than Transactional RFC.
Remote Function Call:
RFC is an SAP interface protocol. Based on CPI-C, it considerably simplifies the programming of communication processes between systems.
RFCs enable you to call and execute predefined functions in a remote system - or even in the same system.
RFCs manage the communication process, parameter transfer and error handling.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/22/042860488911d189490000e829fbbd/frameset.htm.
Remote Function Call (RFC) is the standard SAP interface for communication between SAP systems. The RFC calls a function to be executed in a remote system.
Synchronous RFC:
The first version of RFC is synchronous RFC (sRFC). This type of RFC executes the function call based on synchronous communication, which means that the systems involved must both be available at the time the call is made.
Transactional RFC (tRFC) and Queued RFC (qRFC). tRFC is used mainly to transfer ALE Intermediate Documents (IDocs).
Transactional RFC:
If an error occurs during a synchronous remote function call, the system cannot tell at what point the error occurred (most crucially, whether the function module was actually processed in R/3 before the operation failed). Restarting a failed call is therefore a dangerous thing to do, since you risk duplicating a completed function call.
To alleviate this problem, you can use transactional RFC, which guarantees that each function call you issue will only be executed once, even if you submit it repeatedly to the R/3 System. The system implements this safeguard by assigning a unique transaction ID (TID) to each transaction that you submit. When you attempt to process the transaction, the system checks whether that TID has already been processed. If it has, the transaction is ignored.
Queued RFC:
When you use transactional RFC, you cannot guarantee the order in which the function calls will be processed in the system (it is quite possible that one call might overtake another). For cases where you need to specify a particular processing order, you can use queued RFC, which is an extension of transactional RFC. In qRFC, you place each function call in a logical queue. A function call cannot be executed until all of its predecessors in the queue have been processed. Queued RFC calls are processed asynchronously
For more information on RFC, please go through the link.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/6f/1bd5b6a85b11d6b28500508b5d5211/content.htm
Have a look at this link.
http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCFESDE2/BCFESDE2.pdf
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/22/042860488911d189490000e829fbbd/frameset.htm.
Rewords some points.
Rgds,
P.Nag

How many types of messages are there what are they?

How many types of messages are there? what are they?

Hi,
Refer the Demo program this iwll help
<b>DEMO_MESSAGES</b>
1. MESSAGE xnnn.
2. MESSAGE ID id TYPE mtype NUMBER n.
3. MESSAGE xnnn(mid).
Effect
Sends a message. Messages are stored in table T100, and can be maintained using Transaction SE91. They are fully integrated in the forward navigation of the ABAP Workbench.
The ABAP runtime environment handles messages according to the message type specified in the MESSAGE statement and the context in which the message is sent. There are six kinds of message type:
A (Abend)
Termination
E (Error)
Error
I (Info)
Information
S (Status)
Status message
W (Warning)
Warning
X (Exit)
Termination with short dump
Messages are used primarily to handle user input on screens. The following table shows how each message type behaves in different contexts. The numbers are explained at the end of the table.
A E I S W X
PAI module 1 2 3 4 5 6
PAI module at POH 1 7 3 4 7 6
PAI module at POV 1 7 3 4 7 6
AT SELECTION-SCREEN ... 1 8 3 4 9 6
AT SELECTION-SCREEN at POH 1 7 3 4 7 6
AT SELECTION-SCREEN at POV 1 7 3 4 7 6
AT SELECTION-SCREEN ON EXIT 1 7 3 4 7 6
AT LINE-SELECTION 1 10 3 4 10 6
AT PFn 1 10 3 4 10 6
AT USER-COMMAND 1 10 3 4 10 6
INITIALIZATION 1 11 3 4 11 6
START-OF-SELECTION 1 11 3 4 11 6
GET 1 11 3 4 11 6
END-OF-SELECTION 1 11 3 4 11 6
TOP-OF-PAGE 1 11 3 4 11 6
END-OF-PAGE 1 11 3 4 11 6
TOP-OF-PAGE DURING ... 1 10 3 4 10 6
LOAD-OF-PROGRAM 1 1 4 4 4 6
PBO module 1 1 4 4 4 6
AT SELECTION-SCREEN OUTPUT 1 1 4 4 4 6
reward if this helps.

How many types of mappings in sap xi

hi,
how many types of mappings in sap xi,what are there can u explain me
bye
phenix

hi suresh,
There are 4 types of mapping in XI
1. Graphical
2. XSLT
3. java
4. ABAP.
There is no hard and fast rule for using the mapping techniques. But, I will try to put things in the right perspective for you.
Graphical Mapping is used for simple mapping cases. When, the logic for your mapping is simple and straight forward and it does not involve any complex logic.
Java and XSLT mapping are used when graphical mapping cannot help you.
When the choice is between Java And XSLT, XSLT is simpler than java mapping and easier. But, it has its drawbacks. One among them being that you cannot use Java APIs and Classes in it. There might be cases in your mapping when you will have to perfrom something like a properties file look up or a DB lookup, such scenarios are not possible in XSLT and so, when you want to use some specific Java API's you will have to go for Java Mapping.
Java Mapping uses 2 types of parsers. DOM and SAX. DOM is easier to use with lots of classes to help you create nodes and elements, but , DOM is very processor intensive.
SAX parser is something that parses your XML one after the other, and so is not processor intensive. But, it is not exaclty easy to develop either.
For further info on each of the mapping, refer to these links,
Graphical Mapping,
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/6d/aadd3e6ecb1f39e10000000a114084/content.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/43/c4cdfc334824478090739c04c4a249/content.htm
XSLT Mapping
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/73/f61eea1741453eb8f794e150067930/content.htm
http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt20/
Java Mapping
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/e2/e13fcd80fe47768df001a558ed10b6/content.htm
DOM parser API
http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.4.2/docs/api/org/w3c/dom/package-frame.html
Also, check this thread for more info,
Different types of Mapping in XI
Regards,
Bhavesh

How many types of internal tabels?

hi all,
how many types of internal tbels ,
how they are differetiate ?
regards.
raj

Hi,
Three Types of Internal Table:
1.Standard Table
2.Sorted Table
3.Hashed Table
Standard Table - the most commonly used type of table.
The key access to a standard table uses a sequential search. The time required for an access is linearly dependent on the number of entries in the internal table.
You should usually access a standard table with index operations.
You can sort and resort this table anytime. You can have duplicate records in them. Recommend that when accessing these tables, you sort them by a key and then READ via a BINARY SEARCH - better performance. When you write to this table the record is "appended" to the end of the table. In order to maintain the sort sequence (if any) you must use the SORT command again.
Sorted table - this table has a defined sort sequence. You cannot resort. You can have duplicates.
The table is always stored internally sorted by its key. Key access to a sorted table can therefore use a binary search. If the key is not unique, the entry with the lowest index is accessed. The time required for an access is logarithmically dependent on the number of entries in the internal table.
Index accesses to sorted tables are also allowed. You should usually access a sorted table using its key.
When you READ these tables, SAP automatically tries to use a BINARY SEARCH. Because you use a Binary Search, the retrieval time isexpodential to the number of records. When you write a record to this table the table is resorted.
Hashed Table - this table has a defined key.
The table is internally managed with a hash procedure. All the entries must have a unique key. The time required for a key access is constant, that is it does not depend on the number of entries in the internal table.
When you write to the table it uses a hashing algorithm to identify where the record is stored (think if this as writing the location of a page in an index of a book). When you READ this table the system looks up this "index" and retrieves the record. Because of this the retrieval time is constant. Writing to this type of table takes the most time as it needs to calculate the hashing algorithm.
Personally I generally use Standard Tables as they are the most flexible table available. It lets me resort my data anyhow I like any time I like. I very rarely use a Sorted Table.
I use Hashed Tables as "buffer" tables. Let's say for example I want to retrieve HR data for a number of sales reps. To get HR data I need to use FM 'HR_READ_INFOTYPE'. This takes time. So what I do is read my hashed table to see if I have already got the data (very quick). If I don't have the data, I hit the FM and update my hashed table for next time. By using the hashed table in this way I reduce the number of FM calls I need to make.
/people/harry.dietz/blog/2005/10/28/performance-improvement-hints-3-internal-table--fill-and-read
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/what-are-different-types-of-internal-tables-and-their-usage.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/fc/eb35de358411d1829f0000e829fbfe/frameset.htm
Regards,
Padmam.

How many types of messages are there

Hi,
After using CALL TRANSACTION tcode USING gi_bdcdata
                 MODE   gv_ctumode
                 UPDATE gv_cupdate
                 MESSAGES INTO gi_messtab.
I am looping gi_messtab for extracting messages.
I know msgtyp = 'E'    -
> means error message.
I want to how many types of messages are there, tell me with the full forms.
s -
> means?
LOOP AT gi_messtab.
IF gi_messtab-msgtyp = 'E'.
endif.
endloop.

HI Mohan
A --> Termination Message
The message appears in a dialog box, and the program terminates. When the user has confirmed the message, control returns to the next-highest area menu.
E --> Error Message
Depending on the program context, an error dialog appears or the program terminates.
I --> Information
The message appears in a dialog box. Once the user has confirmed the message, the program continues immediately after the MESSAGE statement.
S --> Status Message and Sucess message
The program continues normally after the MESSAGE statement, and the message is displayed in the status bar of the next screen.
W --> Warning
Depending on the program context, an error dialog appears or the program terminates.
X --> Exit
No message is displayed, and the program terminates with a short dump. Program terminations with a short dump normally only occur when a runtime error occurs. Message type X allows you to force a program termination. The short dump contains the message ID.
Regards
Sudheer

How many types of joins are there?

how many types of joins are there?
Edited by: Alvaro Tejada Galindo on Feb 21, 2008 4:58 PM

Hi,
Joins are used to fetch data fast from Database tables:
Tables are joined with the proper key fields to fetch the data properly.
If there are no proper key fields between tables don't use Joins;
Important thing is that don't USE JOINS FOR CLUSTER tableslike BSEG and KONV.
Only use for Transparenmt tables.
You can also use joins for the database VIews to fetch the data.
JOINS
... FROM tabref1 INNER JOIN tabref2 ON cond
The data is to be selected from transparent database tables and/or views determined by tabref1 and tabref2. tabref1 and tabref2 each have the same form as in variant 1 or are themselves Join expressions. The keyword INNER does not have to be specified. The database tables or views determined by tabref1 and tabref2 must be recognized by the ABAP Dictionary.
In a relational data structure, it is quite normal for data that belongs together to be split up across several tables to help the process of standardization (see relational databases). To regroup this information into a database query, you can link tables using the join command. This formulates conditions for the columns in the tables involved. The inner join contains all combinations of lines from the database table determined by tabref1 with lines from the table determined by tabref2, whose values together meet the logical condition (join condition) specified using ON>cond.
Inner join between table 1 and table 2, where column D in both tables in the join condition is set the same:
Table 1 Table 2
A B C D    D E F G H
a1 b1 c1 1    1 e1 f1 g1 h1
a2 b2 c2 1    3 e2 f2 g2 h2
a3 b3 c3 2    4 e3 f3 g3 h3
a4 b4 c4 3    -
Inner Join
A B C D D E F G H
a1 b1 c1 1 1 e1 f1 g1 h1
a2 b2 c2 1 1 e1 f1 g1 h1
a4 b4 c4 3 3 e2 f2 g2 h2
Example
Output a list of all flights from Frankfurt to New York between September 10th and 20th, 2001 that are not sold out:
DATA: DATE LIKE SFLIGHT-FLDATE,
CARRID LIKE SFLIGHT-CARRID,
CONNID LIKE SFLIGHT-CONNID.
SELECT FCARRID FCONNID F~FLDATE
INTO (CARRID, CONNID, DATE)
FROM SFLIGHT AS F INNER JOIN SPFLI AS P
ON FCARRID = PCARRID AND
FCONNID = PCONNID
WHERE P~CITYFROM = 'FRANKFURT'
AND P~CITYTO = 'NEW YORK'
AND F~FLDATE BETWEEN '20010910' AND '20010920'
AND FSEATSOCC < FSEATSMAX.
WRITE: / DATE, CARRID, CONNID.
ENDSELECT.
If there are columns with the same name in both tables, you must distinguish between them by prefixing the field descriptor with the table name or a table alias.
In order to determine the result of a SELECT command where the FROM clause contains a join, the database system first creates a temporary table containing the lines that meet the ON condition. The WHERE condition is then applied to the temporary table. It does not matter in an inner join whether the condition is in the ON or WHEREclause. The following example returns the same solution as the previous one.
Example
Output of a list of all flights from Frankfurt to New York between September 10th and 20th, 2001 that are not sold out:
DATA: DATE LIKE SFLIGHT-FLDATE,
CARRID LIKE SFLIGHT-CARRID,
CONNID LIKE SFLIGHT-CONNID.
SELECT FCARRID FCONNID F~FLDATE
INTO (CARRID, CONNID, DATE)
FROM SFLIGHT AS F INNER JOIN SPFLI AS P
ON FCARRID = PCARRID
WHERE FCONNID = PCONNID
AND P~CITYFROM = 'FRANKFURT'
AND P~CITYTO = 'NEW YORK'
AND F~FLDATE BETWEEN '20010910' AND '20010920'
AND FSEATSOCC < FSEATSMAX.
WRITE: / DATE, CARRID, CONNID.
ENDSELECT.
Since not all of the database systems supported by SAP use the standard syntax for ON conditions, the syntax has been restricted. It only allows those joins that produce the same results on all of the supported database systems:
Only a table or view may appear to the right of the JOIN operator, not another join expression.
Only AND is possible in the ON condition as a logical operator.
Each comparison in the ON condition must contain a field from the right-hand table.
If an outer join occurs in the FROM clause, all the ON conditions must contain at least one "real" JOIN condition (a condition that contains a field from tabref1 amd a field from tabref2.
In some cases, '*' may be specified in the SELECT clause, and an internal table or work area is entered into the INTO clause (instead of a list of fields). If so, the fields are written to the target area from left to right in the order in which the tables appear in the FROM clause, according to the structure of each table work area. There can then be gaps between table work areas if you use an Alignment Request. For this reason, you should define the target work area with reference to the types of the database tables, not simply by counting the total number of fields. For an example, see below:
Variant 3
... FROM tabref1 LEFT OUTER JOIN tabref2 ON cond
Effect
Selects the data from the transparent database tables and/or views specified in tabref1 and tabref2. tabref1 und tabref2 both have either the same form as in variant 1 or are themselves join expressions. The keyword OUTER can be omitted. The database tables or views specified in tabref1 and tabref2 must be recognized by the ABAP-Dictionary.
In order to determine the result of a SELECT command where the FROM clause contains a left outer join, the database system creates a temporary table containing the lines that meet the ON condition. The remaining fields from the left-hand table (tabref1) are then added to this table, and their corresponding fields from the right-hand table are filled with ZERO values. The system then applies the WHERE condition to the table.
Left outer join between table 1 and table 2 where column D in both tables set the join condition:
Table 1 Table 2
A B C D    D E F G H
a1 b1 c1 1    1 e1 f1 g1 h1
a2 b2 c2 1    3 e2 f2 g2 h2
a3 b3 c3 2    4 e3 f3 g3 h3
a4 b4 c4 3    -
Left Outer Join
A B C D D E F G H
a1 b1 c1 1 1 e1 f1 g1 h1
a2 b2 c2 1 1 e1 f1 g1 h1
a3 b3 c3 2 NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL
a4 b4 c4 3 3 e2 f2 g2 h2
Example
Output a list of all custimers with their bookings for October 15th, 2001:
DATA: CUSTOMER TYPE SCUSTOM,
BOOKING TYPE SBOOK.
SELECT SCUSTOMNAME SCUSTOMPOSTCODE SCUSTOM~CITY
SBOOKFLDATE SBOOKCARRID SBOOKCONNID SBOOKBOOKID
INTO (CUSTOMER-NAME, CUSTOMER-POSTCODE, CUSTOMER-CITY,
BOOKING-FLDATE, BOOKING-CARRID, BOOKING-CONNID,
BOOKING-BOOKID)
FROM SCUSTOM LEFT OUTER JOIN SBOOK
ON SCUSTOMID = SBOOKCUSTOMID AND
SBOOK~FLDATE = '20011015'
ORDER BY SCUSTOMNAME SBOOKFLDATE.
WRITE: / CUSTOMER-NAME, CUSTOMER-POSTCODE, CUSTOMER-CITY,
BOOKING-FLDATE, BOOKING-CARRID, BOOKING-CONNID,
BOOKING-BOOKID.
ENDSELECT.
If there are columns with the same name in both tables, you must distinguish between them by prefixing the field descriptor with the table name or using an alias.
Note
For the resulting set of a SELECT command with a left outer join in the FROM clause, it is generally of crucial importance whether a logical condition is in the ON or WHERE condition. Since not all of the database systems supported by SAP themselves support the standard syntax and semantics of the left outer join, the syntax has been restricted to those cases that return the same solution in all database systems:
Only a table or view may come after the JOIN operator, not another join statement.
The only logical operator allowed in the ON condition is AND.
Each comparison in the ON condition must contain a field from the right-hand table.
Comparisons in the WHERE condition must not contain a field from the right-hand table.
The ON condition must contain at least one "real" JOIN condition (a condition in which a field from tabref1 as well as from tabref2 occurs).
Note
In some cases, '*' may be specivied as the field list in the SELECT clause, and an internal table or work area is entered in the INTO clause (instead of a list of fields). If so, the fields are written to the target area from left to right in the order in which the tables appear in the llen in der FROM clause, according to the structure of each table work area. There can be gaps between the table work areas if you use an Alignment Request. For this reason, you should define the target work area with reference to the types of the database tables, as in the following example (not simply by counting the total number of fields).
Example
Example of a JOIN with more than two tables: Select all flights from Frankfurt to New York between September 10th and 20th, 2001 where there are available places, and display the name of the airline.
DATA: BEGIN OF WA,
FLIGHT TYPE SFLIGHT,
PFLI TYPE SPFLI,
CARR TYPE SCARR,
END OF WA.
SELECT * INTO WA
FROM ( SFLIGHT AS F INNER JOIN SPFLI AS P
ON FCARRID = PCARRID AND
FCONNID = PCONNID )
INNER JOIN SCARR AS C
ON FCARRID = CCARRID
WHERE P~CITYFROM = 'FRANKFURT'
AND P~CITYTO = 'NEW YORK'
AND F~FLDATE BETWEEN '20010910' AND '20010920'
AND FSEATSOCC < FSEATSMAX.
WRITE: / WA-CARR-CARRNAME, WA-FLIGHT-FLDATE, WA-FLIGHT-CARRID,
WA-FLIGHT-CONNID.
ENDSELECT.

What is dsp.how many types of dso's

hi
guys
what is dsp.how many types of dso's plz post answer

Hi,
Types of DSO are
1. Standard DSO
2. Direct Update DSO
3. Write Optimized DSO
Standard DataStore object
Data provided using a data transfer process
SID values can be generated
oData records with the same key are aggregated during activation
Data is available for reporting after activation
*Write-optimized DataStore object
Data provided using a data transfer process
SID values cannot be generated
Records with the same key are not aggregated
Data is available for reporting immediately after it is loaded
*DataStore object for direct update
Data provided using APIs
SIDs cannot be generated
Records with the same key are not aggregated
Standard DSO:
zRThe standard DataStore object is filled with data during the extraction and load process in the BI system.
A standard DataStore object is represented on the database by three transparent tables:
Activation queue: Serves to save DataStore object data records that are to be updated, but that have not yet been activated. The data is deleted after the records have been activated.
Active data: A table containing the active data (A table).
Change log: Contains the change history for the delta update from the DataStore object into other data targets, such as DataStore objects or InfoCubes.
Direct Update DSO:
The DataStore object for direct update differs from the standard DataStore object in terms of how the data is processed. In a standard DataStore object, data is stored in different versions (active, delta, modified), whereas a DataStore object for direct update contains data in a single version. Therefore, data is stored in precisely the same form in which it was written to the DataStore object for direct update by the application. In the BI system, you can use a DataStore object for direct update as a data target for an analysis process.
DataStore objects for direct update ensure that the data is available quickly. The data from this kind of DataStore object is accessed transactionally. The data is written to the DataStore object (possibly by several users at the same time) and reread as soon as possible
Write Optimized DSO:
DataStore object that only consists of one table of active data. Data is loaded using the data transfer process.
Data that is loaded into write-optimized DataStore objects is available immediately for further processing.
You use write-optimized DataStore objects in the following scenarios:
● You use a write-optimized DataStore object as a temporary storage area for large sets of data if you are executing complex transformations for this data before it is written to the DataStore object. Subsequently, the data can be updated to further (smaller) InfoProviders. You only have to create the complex transformations once for all data.
● You use write-optimized DataStore objects as the EDW layer for saving data. Business rules are only applied when the data is updated to additional InfoProviders.
The system does not generate SIDs for write-optimized DataStore objects and you do not need to activate them. This means that you can save and further process data quickly. Reporting is possible on the basis of these DataStore objects. However, we recommend that you use them as a consolidation layer, and update the data to additional InfoProviders, standard DataStore objects, or InfoCubes

What is buffer? how many types of buffers r there?

how many types of joins r there?
thank u.

Whenever an Open SQL statement is used to read a record,
the data buffer is checked first to see whether it is there. If not, the data is read from the database.
If the table's attributes indicate that the data should be buffered,
the record is saved in RAM on the application server in data buffers.
Later, if that record is read again, it is read from the buffer instead of the database.
By buffering data, you increase performance in two important ways:
The programs using the buffered data run faster because they don't have to wait for it to come from the database. This reduces delays waiting for the database and the network that connects it.
The other programs that need to access the database run faster because there is less load on the database and less traffic on the network.
Three types of buffering are possible:
Full Buffering
With full buffering, either the entire table is in the buffer or the table is not in the buffer at all. All
the records of the table are loaded into the buffer when one record of the table is read.
In this example, a program reads the record highlighted in red from table
SCOUNTER. If the table is fully buffered, all the records of the table are loaded into
the buffer.
Application server
The buffered data records are sorted in the buffer by table key. Accesses to the
buffered data can therefore only analyze field contents up to the last specified key
field for restricting the dataset to be searched.
The left-justified part of the key should therefore be as large as possible in such
accesses. For example, if you do not define the first key field, the system has to scan
the full table. In this case direct access to the database can be more efficient if the
database has suitable secondary indexes [Page 61].
When Should you Use Full Buffering?
When deciding whether a table should be fully buffered, you should take into account the size of
the table, the number of read accesses, and the number of write accesses. Tables best suited to
full buffering are small, read frequently, and rarely written.
Full buffering is recommended in the following cases:
BC - ABAP Dictionary SAP AG
Full Buffering
36 December 1999
Tables up to 30 KB in size. If a table is accessed frequently, but all accesses are read
accesses, this value can be exceeded. However, you should always pay attention to the
buffer utilization.
Larger tables where large numbers of records are frequently accessed. If these mass
accesses can be formulated with a very selective WHERE condition using a database
index [Page 61], it could be better to dispense with buffering.
Tables for which accesses to non-existent records are frequently submitted. Since all the
table records reside in the buffer, the system can determine directly in the buffer whether
or not a record exists.
SAP AG BC - ABAP Dictionary
Generic Buffering
With generic buffering, all the records in the buffer whose generic key fields match this record are
loaded when one record of the table is accessed. The generic key is a part of the primary key of
the table that is left-justified.
In this example, the record highlighted in red is read by a program from table
SCOUNTER. If the table is generically buffered, all the records read whose generic
key fields (MANDT and CARRID) agree are loaded into the buffer.
Application server
When Should you Use Full Buffering?
A table should be buffered generically if only certain generic areas of the table are normally
needed for processing.
Client-specific, fully-buffered tables are automatically generically buffered since normally it is not
possible to work in all clients at the same time on an application server. The client field is the
generic key.
Language-specific tables are another example where generic buffering is recommended. In
general, only records of one language will be needed on an application server. In this case, the
generic key includes all the key fields up to and including the language field.
How Should you Define the Generic Key?
In generic buffering, it is crucial to define a suitable generic key.
BC - ABAP Dictionary SAP AG
Generic Buffering
If the generic key is too small, the buffer will contain a few very large areas. During access, too
much data might be loaded in the buffer.
If the generic key is too large, the buffer might contain too many small generic areas. These can
reduce buffer performance since there is an administrative entry for every buffered generic area.
It is also possible that too many accesses will bypass the buffer and go directly to the database,
since they do not fully define the generic key of the table. If there are only a few records in each
generic area, it is usually better to fully buffer the table.
Only 64 bytes of the generic key are used. You can specify a longer generic key, but the part of
the key exceeding 64 bytes is not used to create the generic areas.
Access to Buffered Data
It only makes sense to generically buffer a table if the table is accessed with fully-specified
generic key fields. If a field of the generic key is not assigned a value in a SELECT statement, it
is read directly from the database, bypassing the buffer.
If you access a generic area that is not in the buffer with a fully-specified generic key, you will
access the database to load the area. If the table does not contain any records in the specified
area ("No record found"), this area in the buffer is marked as non-existent. It is not necessary to
access the database if this area is needed again.
SAP AG BC - ABAP Dictionary
Single-Record Buffering
With single-record buffering, only the records that are actually read are loaded into the buffer.
Single-record buffering therefore requires less storage space in the buffer than generic and full
buffering. The administrative costs in the buffer, however, are greater than for generic or full
buffering. Considerably more database accesses are necessary to load the records than for the
other buffering types.
In this example, the record highlighted in red is read by a program from table
SCOUNTER. If single-record buffering is selected for the table, only the record that
was read is loaded into the buffer.
When Should you Use Single-Record Buffering?
Single-record buffering should be used particularly for large tables where only a few records are
accessed with SELECT SINGLE. The size of the records being accessed should be between 100
and 200 KB.
Full buffering is usually more suitable for smaller tables that are accessed frequently. This is
because only one database access is necessary to load such a table with full buffering, whereas
several database accesses are necessary for single-record buffering.
Access to Buffered Data
All accesses that are not submitted with SELECT SINGLE go directly to the database, bypassing
the buffer. This applies even if the complete key is specified in the SELECT statement.
BC - ABAP Dictionary SAP AG
Single-Record Buffering
40 December 1999
If you access a record which is not yet buffered with SELECT SINGLE, there is a database
access to load the record. This record is marked in the buffer as non-existent if the table does not
contain a record with the specified key.

How many types of authentications in sharepoint and how to implement those authentication in sharepoint?

Hi All,
How many types of authentications in sharepoint and how to implement those authentication in sharepoint?
can any one explain the above things with examples?
Thanks in Advance!

In addition to
A Sai Gunaranjan you can also check this URL for Sharepoint 2010:
http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc288475(v=office.14).aspx
http://www.codeproject.com/Tips/382312/SharePoint-2010-Form-Based-Authentication
***If my post is answer for your query please mark as answer***
***If my answer is helpful please vote***

How many times a transaction has been executed

Hi All,
I have to make a list on how many times certain transactions have been exectued last year.
Does any of you have a idea on how to get this list?
tried already ST03 and STAT but without satisfying result
We have R/3 4.6B.
Regards,
Rod.

hi,
use STAD transaction.

How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary?

hi,
How many types of tables exists and what are they in data dictionary?
regards.

Hello Liu,
Please search in forum before posting any question .
anyhow check the below link :
http://web.mit.edu/sapr3/dev/sap_table_types.htm
Thanks
Seshu

How many types of transactions in ABAP

Similar Messages

Maybe you are looking for