How to decide the size of MTU when writing an interface ?

I have very little knowledge about network interface. But I want to write a network interface. But I am not getting how the MTU for an interface is decided depending upon the network physical capabilities. Like :
localhost has 1500 bytes
But this size is not enough for high-speed networks which exist now a days. I am not getting how this size of MTU is actually affecting the network. And how we can find the optimal MTU for any network.

This depends on what exactly do you mean by 'network interface'? Firmware for an NIC? a device driver for an NIC? Or you you mean an application API? And if so, for UDP or TCP?
If UDP, all you need to know is that the practical limit on a datagram that has to go through routers is 534 bytes.
If TCP, you don't have to worry about MTU in the slightest.

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