I need a detailed explanation about this query!

Hey Guys,
I'm doing a course on distributed databases at uni. I have got this query but I am not 100% sure what is being executed first, the queries between brackets or outter ones.
What is the difference between semi-join and join queries?
what's meant by "WHERE EXISTS" clause?
what's the union do with the results?
SELECT C.COUNTRYNAME, C.CODE FROM "USER_HP_FULL"."COUNTRY" C
WHERE EXISTS(
SELECT 1 FROM (SELECT * FROM "USER1_HP_FULL"."ATHLETE1_REPLICA1"
UNION SELECT * FROM "USER2_HP_FULL"."ATHLETE2_REPLICA1"
UNION SELECT * FROM "USER3_HP_FULL"."ATHLETE3_REPLICA1") A
WHERE A.CCODE = C.CODE)
ORDER BY C.COUNTRYNAME;
Thank you!

>
I'm doing a course on distributed databases at uni. I have got this query but I am not 100% sure what is being executed first, the queries between brackets or outter ones.
>
Then you should
1. open a sql*plus command window
2. log on as a user with the correct privileges
3. set serveroutput on
4. set autotrace traceonly
5. execute the query
Examine the execution plan - it will show you what is being executed first. If you have questions post the plan using \ tags.
{quote}
What is the difference between semi-join and join queries?
{quote}
The documentation is your friend.
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28286/queries006.htm
{quote}
what's meant by "WHERE EXISTS" clause?
{quote}
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28286/conditions012.htm#sthref2960
{quote}
EXISTS Condition An EXISTS condition tests for existence of rows in a subquery.
{quote}
{quote}
what's the union do with the results?
{quote}
Eliminates duplicates in multiple query results
http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28286/queries004.htm
See 'The UNION [ALL], INTERSECT, MINUS Operators' in the SQL Language doc
{quote}
UNION Example The following statement combines the results of two queries with the UNION operator, which eliminates duplicate selected rows.
{quote}                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

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    Trace file: c:\orcl_ora_4040_kamaltrc.trc
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    cpu      = cpu time in seconds executing
    elapsed  = elapsed time in seconds executing
    disk     = number of physical reads of buffers from disk
    query    = number of buffers gotten for consistent read
    current  = number of buffers gotten in current mode (usually for update)
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    Fetch        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    total        1      0.03       0.09         27         72       6438        1231
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    Execute      2      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Fetch      524      0.04       0.98        288        568          0         522
    total      526      0.04       0.98        288        568          0         522
    Misses in library cache during parse: 0
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    Parse        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Execute    261      0.07       3.02        464       2926        269         861
    Fetch        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    total      261      0.07       3.02        464       2926        269         861
    Misses in library cache during parse: 0
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              FROM HR_JUDGE_MONTH_SALARY a, HR_JUDGE_MASTER b
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    Parse        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Execute    261      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Fetch      261      2.01     133.50      28045     194499          0         261
    total      522      2.01     133.51      28045     194499          0         261
    Misses in library cache during parse: 0
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          WHERE a.applied_to_date >= :b3
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    Parse        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Execute    261      0.03       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Fetch      261      0.00       0.74        103       3547          0         261
    total      522      0.03       0.75        103       3547          0         261
    Misses in library cache during parse: 0
    Optimizer goal: CHOOSE
    Parsing user id: 63  (MOJ_PRD)   (recursive depth: 1)
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    call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows
    Parse        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Execute    261      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Fetch      261      0.03       0.00          0       3547          0         261
    total      522      0.03       0.01          0       3547          0         261
    Misses in library cache during parse: 0
    Optimizer goal: CHOOSE
    Parsing user id: 63  (MOJ_PRD)   (recursive depth: 1)
    error during execute of EXPLAIN PLAN statement
    ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
    parse error offset: 90
    SELECT  COUNT(*) FROM HR_JUDGE_LEAVE_ATTEN WHERE judge_code = :b2
        AND TO_NUMBER(TO_CHAR(applied_to_Date, 'mm')) <= TO_NUMBER(:b1)
        AND salary_advance_req='Y'
          AND NVL(IS_RESUMPTION_REQ,'Invalid')='Y' -- 11-Oct-2011  modified to handle cancelled ordinary leave where advaces taked
        AND flag!='T'
        AND Req_Ext_No IS NULL
        AND resumed_date IS NULL
    call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows
    Parse        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Execute    195      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Fetch      195      0.00       0.00          0       2475          0         195
    total      390      0.00       0.00          0       2475          0         195
    Misses in library cache during parse: 0
    Optimizer goal: CHOOSE
    Parsing user id: 63  (MOJ_PRD)   (recursive depth: 1)
    error during execute of EXPLAIN PLAN statement
    ORA-00942: table or view does not exist
    parse error offset: 90
    SELECT a.alw_ded_code, a.alw_ded_tag, a.percent_value_tag,
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                    WHEN a.percent_value_tag = 'V'
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    --                WHEN a.percent_value_tag = 'S'
    --                   THEN a.inst_amount
                   -- NEW CODE ADDED BY KAMAL              
                   WHEN a.percent_value_tag = 'S' AND a.inst_amount > a.total_amount
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                          a.total_amount                                 
                    WHEN a.percent_value_tag = 'S' AND a.inst_amount < a.total_amount
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                    WHEN a.percent_value_tag = '%'
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                                 FROM HR_JUDGE_ALW_DED aa
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                 a.effective_from, a.effective_till, a.is_pay_monthly,
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            FROM HR_JUDGE_ALW_DED a
           WHERE a.judge_code = :b3
             AND a.effective_from <= :b2
             AND a.effective_till >= :b1
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    call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows
    Parse        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Execute    184      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Fetch     2590      0.06       0.02          0       7542          0        2406
    total     2774      0.06       0.02          0       7542          0        2406
    Misses in library cache during parse: 0
    Optimizer goal: CHOOSE
    Parsing user id: 63  (MOJ_PRD)   (recursive depth: 1)
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    parse error offset: 1315
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                            (judge_code, alw_ded_tag, alw_ded_code,
                             alw_ded_amount, from_period,
                             to_period, is_pay_monthly, is_include_payslip,
                             ccid,
                             language_code, org_unit_code, enabled_flag,
                             workflow_completion_status, created_by,
                             created_date, actual_from_date, actual_to_date
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                             0, TO_DATE (:b4, 'dd/MM/rrrr'),
                             TO_DATE (:b3, 'dd/MM/rrrr'), 'Y', 'Y',
                                :b6
                             || :b5
                             || :b4
                             || :b3,
                             'AR', 'MOJ', 'Y',
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    call     count       cpu    elapsed       disk      query    current        rows
    Parse        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    Execute   1203      0.06       1.31        213         22       6252        1203
    Fetch        0      0.00       0.00          0          0          0           0
    total     1203      0.06       1.31        213         22       6252        1203
    Misses in library cache during parse: 0
    Optimizer goal: CHOOSE
    Parsing user id: 63  (MOJ_PRD)   (recursive depth: 1)
    error during execute of EXPLAIN PLAN statement
    ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

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    Never mind the screenshot.
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    Can we see what you actually did/tried to do?
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    Hello Gurus,
    The below sql's are from Application engine . It runs more than 5 hours to complete . I have fewer knowledge on sql tuning and request to repharse the sql's to perform and complete the program within One hour.
    PS_GE_GAPS_INV is going thru Range Scan and TAO table is going for Full Table Scan.
    I have indexes on PS_GE_GAPS_INV which is the main table. Iam joining TAO(Temporary table) and Main Table with common keys defined thru Application designer.
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    SET LAST_DTTM_UPDATE = TO_DATE(SYSDATE,'DD-MM-YY-HH24.MI.SS."000000"')
    WHERE
    (BUSINESS_UNIT,RECONCILE_DT,GE_INVENTORY_SOURC,TAG_NUMBER,ASSET_ID,SERIAL_ID_TR,S
    ERIAL_ID,GE_CUSTODIAN_PHY,CUSTODIAN,DEPTID_P,DEPTID,CHARTFIELD2,CHARTFIELD3,GE_GA
    P_RULE,SEQUENCENO) IN (
    SELECT DISTINCT B.BUSINESS_UNIT
    ,B.RECONCILE_DT
    ,B.GE_INVENTORY_SOURC
    ,B.TAG_NUMBER
    ,B.ASSET_ID
    ,B.SERIAL_ID_TR
    ,B.SERIAL_ID
    ,B.GE_CUSTODIAN_PHY
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    ,B.DEPTID
    ,B.CHARTFIELD2
    ,B.CHARTFIELD3
    ,B.GE_GAP_RULE
    ,B.SEQUENCENO
    FROM PS_GE_GAPS_TAO A
    , PS_GE_GAPS_INV B
    WHERE A.BUSINESS_UNIT = B.BUSINESS_UNIT
    AND (A.RECONCILE_DT = B.RECONCILE_DT
    OR (A.RECONCILE_DT IS NULL
    AND B.RECONCILE_DT IS NULL))
    AND A.GE_GAP_RULE = B.GE_GAP_RULE
    AND A.SEQUENCENO = B.SEQUENCENO
    AND A.GE_INVENTORY_SOURC = B.GE_INVENTORY_SOURC
    AND A.TAG_NUMBER = B.TAG_NUMBER
    AND A.ASSET_ID = B.ASSET_ID
    AND A.SERIAL_ID_TR = B.SERIAL_ID_TR
    AND A.SERIAL_ID = B.SERIAL_ID
    AND A.GE_CUSTODIAN_PHY = B.GE_CUSTODIAN_PHY
    AND A.CUSTODIAN = B.CUSTODIAN
    AND A.DEPTID_P = B.DEPTID_P
    AND A.DEPTID = B.DEPTID
    AND A.CHARTFIELD2 = B.CHARTFIELD2
    AND A.CHARTFIELD3 = B.CHARTFIELD3
    AND A.BUSINESS_UNIT = %Bind(BUSINESS_UNIT)
    AND A.RECONCILE_DT = %Bind(RECONCILE_DT)
    AND A.PROCESS_INSTANCE =%ProcessInstance)
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    INSERT INTO PS_GE_GAPS_INV (BUSINESS_UNIT
    , RECONCILE_DT
    , GE_GAP_RULE
    , SEQUENCENO
    , GE_INVENTORY_SOURC
    , TAG_NUMBER
    , ASSET_ID
    , SERIAL_ID_TR
    , SERIAL_ID
    , GE_CUSTODIAN_PHY
    , CUSTODIAN
    , VENDOR_ID
    , DEPTID_P
    , DEPTID
    , CHARTFIELD2
    , CHARTFIELD3
    , GE_GAP_STATUS
    , CERTMESSAGE
    , LAST_DTTM_UPDATE
    , COMMENT1
    , ASSET_STATUS
    , DESCR1
    , DESCR
    , NAME1_AC
    , NAME1
    , CATEGORY_DESCR
    , CATEGORY
    , OPERATING_UNIT_TO
    , OPERATING_UNIT
    , PROJECT_ID_P
    , PROJECT_ID
    , PRODUCT_TO
    , PRODUCT
    , INV_ITEM_ID
    , ITEM_FIELD_C30_B
    , ITEM_FIELD_C30_C)
    SELECT DISTINCT B.BUSINESS_UNIT
    , B.RECONCILE_DT
    , B.GE_GAP_RULE
    , B.SEQUENCENO
    , B.GE_INVENTORY_SOURC
    , B.TAG_NUMBER
    , B.ASSET_ID
    , B.SERIAL_ID_TR
    , B.SERIAL_ID
    , B.GE_CUSTODIAN_PHY
    , B.CUSTODIAN
    , B.VENDOR_ID
    , B.DEPTID_P
    , B.DEPTID
    , B.CHARTFIELD2
    , B.CHARTFIELD3
    , B.GE_GAP_STATUS
    , B.CERTMESSAGE
    , B.LAST_DTTM_UPDATE
    , B.COMMENT1
    , B.ASSET_STATUS
    , B.DESCR1
    , B.DESCR
    , B.NAME1_AC
    , B.NAME1
    , B.CATEGORY_DESCR
    , B.CATEGORY
    , B.OPERATING_UNIT_TO
    , B.OPERATING_UNIT
    , B.PROJECT_ID_P
    , B.PROJECT_ID
    , B.PRODUCT_TO
    , B.PRODUCT
    , B.INV_ITEM_ID
    , B.ITEM_FIELD_C30_B
    , B.ITEM_FIELD_C30_C
    FROM PS_GE_GAPS_TAO B
    WHERE B.BUSINESS_UNIT = %Bind(BUSINESS_UNIT)
    AND B.RECONCILE_DT =%Bind(RECONCILE_DT)
    AND NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT 'X'
    FROM PS_GE_GAPS_INV A
    WHERE B.BUSINESS_UNIT = A.BUSINESS_UNIT
    AND (B.RECONCILE_DT = A.RECONCILE_DT
    OR (B.RECONCILE_DT IS NULL
    AND A.RECONCILE_DT IS NULL))
    AND B.GE_GAP_RULE = A.GE_GAP_RULE
    AND B.SEQUENCENO = A.SEQUENCENO
    AND B.GE_INVENTORY_SOURC = A.GE_INVENTORY_SOURC
    AND B.TAG_NUMBER = A.TAG_NUMBER
    AND B.ASSET_ID = A.ASSET_ID
    AND B.SERIAL_ID_TR = A.SERIAL_ID_TR
    AND B.SERIAL_ID = A.SERIAL_ID
    AND B.GE_CUSTODIAN_PHY = A.GE_CUSTODIAN_PHY
    AND B.CUSTODIAN = A.CUSTODIAN
    AND B.DEPTID_P = A.DEPTID_P
    AND B.DEPTID = A.DEPTID
    AND B.CHARTFIELD2 = A.CHARTFIELD2
    AND B.CHARTFIELD3 = A.CHARTFIELD3)
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    INSERT INTO PS_GE_GAPST_TAO (BUSINESS_UNIT
    , RECONCILE_DT
    , GE_GAP_RULE
    , SEQUENCENO
    , GE_INVENTORY_SOURC
    , TAG_NUMBER
    , ASSET_ID
    , SERIAL_ID_TR
    , GE_CUSTODIAN_PHY
    , SERIAL_ID
    , CUSTODIAN
    , DEPTID_P
    , DEPTID
    , CHARTFIELD2
    , CHARTFIELD3
    , PROCESS_INSTANCE
    , GE_GAP_STATUS
    , CERTMESSAGE
    , LAST_DTTM_UPDATE
    , COMMENT1
    , ASSET_STATUS
    , DESCR1
    , DESCR
    , VENDOR_ID
    , NAME1_AC
    , NAME1
    , CATEGORY_DESCR
    , CATEGORY
    , OPERATING_UNIT_TO
    , OPERATING_UNIT
    , PROJECT_ID_P
    , PROJECT_ID
    , PRODUCT_TO
    , PRODUCT
    , INV_ITEM_ID
    , ITEM_FIELD_C30_B
    , ITEM_FIELD_C30_C)
    SELECT DISTINCT BUSINESS_UNIT
    , RECONCILE_DT
    , GE_GAP_RULE
    , SEQUENCENO
    , GE_INVENTORY_SOURC
    , TAG_NUMBER
    , ASSET_ID
    , SERIAL_ID_TR
    , GE_CUSTODIAN_PHY
    , SERIAL_ID
    , CUSTODIAN
    , DEPTID_P
    , DEPTID
    , CHARTFIELD2
    , CHARTFIELD3
    , %ProcessInstance
    , GE_GAP_STATUS
    , CERTMESSAGE
    , LAST_DTTM_UPDATE
    , COMMENT1
    , ASSET_STATUS
    , DESCR1
    , DESCR
    , VENDOR_ID
    , NAME1_AC
    , NAME1
    , CATEGORY_DESCR
    , CATEGORY
    , OPERATING_UNIT_TO
    , OPERATING_UNIT
    , PROJECT_ID_P
    , PROJECT_ID
    , PRODUCT_TO
    , PRODUCT
    , INV_ITEM_ID
    , ITEM_FIELD_C30_B
    , ITEM_FIELD_C30_C
    FROM ps_ge_gaps_inv B
    WHERE b.business_unit = %Bind(BUSINESS_UNIT)
    AND b.reconcile_dt =%Bind(RECONCILE_DT)
    AND NOT EXISTS (
    SELECT 'X'
    FROM ps_ge_gaps_tao a
    WHERE A.BUSINESS_UNIT = B.BUSINESS_UNIT
    AND (A.RECONCILE_DT = B.RECONCILE_DT
    OR (A.RECONCILE_DT IS NULL
    AND B.RECONCILE_DT IS NULL))
    AND A.GE_GAP_RULE = B.GE_GAP_RULE
    AND A.SEQUENCENO = B.SEQUENCENO
    AND A.GE_INVENTORY_SOURC = B.GE_INVENTORY_SOURC
    AND A.TAG_NUMBER = B.TAG_NUMBER
    AND A.ASSET_ID = B.ASSET_ID
    AND A.SERIAL_ID_TR = B.SERIAL_ID_TR
    AND A.SERIAL_ID = B.SERIAL_ID
    AND A.GE_CUSTODIAN_PHY = B.GE_CUSTODIAN_PHY
    AND A.CUSTODIAN = B.CUSTODIAN
    AND A.DEPTID_P = B.DEPTID_P
    AND A.DEPTID = B.DEPTID
    AND A.CHARTFIELD2 = B.CHARTFIELD2
    AND A.CHARTFIELD3 = B.CHARTFIELD3 )
    Best Regards,
    Bala

    Are the statistics on your temp table up to date?. Either add an %UpdateStats SQL step after loading the temp table, or check the following notes if your database is Oracle and is a relatively current version:
    pscbo_stats - Improving Statistics in Oracle RDBMS for PeopleSoft Enterprise [ID 1322888.1]
    E-ORA PeopleSoft Enterprise Performance on Oracle 11g Database [ID 1460735.1]
    Regards,
    Bob

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    James

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    Dual 2.7GHz PowerPC G5 w/ 2.5 GB RAM; 17" MacBook Pro w/ 2 GB RAM -   Mac OS X (10.4.7)  

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