Management Studio crashing on local SQL Server console

Question

Unable to start the SQL Server Management Studio on the SQL Server 2012 running on Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2
We have a number of SQL Servers deployed and in the last month all instances of the SSMS have stopped working with the following error message
Problem signature:
  Problem Event Name:                        APPCRASH
  Application Name:                            
Ssms.exe
  Application Version:                           2011.110.3000.0
  Application Timestamp:                     5081c1cd
  Fault Module Name:                          ntdll.dll
  Fault Module Version:                        6.3.9600.17476
  Fault Module Timestamp:                  54516af9
  Exception Code:                                 
c000007b
  Exception Offset:                               
000a36e5
  OS Version:                                         
6.3.9600.2.0.0.272.7
  Locale ID:                                            
1033
  Additional Information 1:                  1abe
  Additional Information 2:                  1abee00edb3fc1158f9ad6f44f0f6be8
  Additional Information 3:                  1abe
  Additional Information 4:                  1abee00edb3fc1158f9ad6f44f0f6be8
We have done the following to resolve this without success:
Run a repair from the installation package
Uninstalled SSMS and reinstalled
Copied in another ntdll.dll

Answer 1

This what is generated in the log when trying to start the application:
Date,Source,Severity,Message,Category,Event,User,Computer
01/16/2015 09:39:58,Windows Error Reporting,Information,Fault bucket <c/> type 0<nl/>Event Name: APPCRASH<nl/>Response: Not available<nl/>Cab Id: 0<nl/><nl/>Problem signature:<nl/>P1: Ssms.exe<nl/>P2: 2011.110.3000.0<nl/>P3:
5081c1cd<nl/>P4: ntdll.dll<nl/>P5: 6.2.9200.17046<nl/>P6: 53b485c4<nl/>P7: c000007b<nl/>P8: 00078c9e<nl/>P9: <nl/>P10: <nl/><nl/>Attached files:<nl/><nl/>These files may be available here:<nl/>C:\Users\felgersma\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\WER\ReportArchive\AppCrash_Ssms.exe_89a64aa0912742cdc59239b0e49f3eea1441adb7_93419cf8<nl/><nl/>Analysis
symbol: <nl/>Rechecking for solution: 0<nl/>Report Id: af322b86-9da6-11e4-9418-ac162d73da9f<nl/>Report Status: 2048<nl/>Hashed bucket:,(0),1001,,cvcnt42
01/16/2015 09:39:56,Application Error,Error,Windows cannot access the file  for one of the following reasons: there is a problem with the network connection<c/> the disk that the file is stored on<c/> or the storage drivers installed on this
computer; or the disk is missing. Windows closed the program SQL Server Management Studio because of this error.<nl/><nl/>Program: SQL Server Management Studio<nl/>File: <nl/><nl/>The error value is listed in the Additional Data
section.<nl/>User Action<nl/>1. Open the file again. This situation might be a temporary problem that corrects itself when the program runs again.<nl/>2. If the file still cannot be accessed and<nl/>
- It is on the network<c/> your network administrator should verify that there is not a problem with the network and that the server can be contacted.<nl/>
- It is on a removable disk<c/> for example<c/> a floppy disk or CD-ROM<c/> verify that the disk is fully inserted into the computer.<nl/>3. Check and repair the file system by running CHKDSK. To run CHKDSK<c/> click Start<c/>
click Run<c/> type CMD<c/> and then click OK. At the command prompt<c/> type CHKDSK /F<c/> and then press ENTER.<nl/>4. If the problem persists<c/> restore the file from a backup copy.<nl/>5. Determine whether other
files on the same disk can be opened. If not<c/> the disk might be damaged. If it is a hard disk<c/> contact your administrator or computer hardware vendor for further assistance.<nl/><nl/>Additional Data<nl/>Error value: 00000000<nl/>Disk
type: 0,(100),1005,,cvcnt42
01/16/2015 09:39:56,Application Error,Error,Faulting application name: Ssms.exe<c/> version: 2011.110.3000.0<c/> time stamp: 0x5081c1cd<nl/>Faulting module name: ntdll.dll<c/> version: 6.2.9200.17046<c/> time stamp: 0x53b485c4<nl/>Exception
code: 0xc000007b<nl/>Fault offset: 0x00078c9e<nl/>Faulting process id: 0x2384<nl/>Faulting application start time: 0x01d031b36fa19f2f<nl/>Faulting application path: C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server\110\Tools\Binn\ManagementStudio\Ssms.exe<nl/>Faulting
module path: C:\Windows\SYSTEM32\ntdll.dll<nl/>Report Id: af322b86-9da6-11e4-9418-ac162d73da9f<nl/>Faulting package full name: <nl/>Faulting package-relative application ID:,(100),1000,,cvcnt42
01/16/2015 09:35:02,Windows Error Reporting,Information,Fault bucket <c/> type 0<nl/>Event Name: APPCRASH<nl/>Response: Not available<nl/>Cab Id: 0<nl/><nl/>Problem signature:<nl/>P1: Ssms.exe<nl/>P2: 2011.110.3000.0<nl/>P3:
5081c1cd<nl/>P4: ntdll.dll<nl/>P5: 6.2.9200.17046<nl/>P6: 53b485c4<nl/>P7: c000007b<nl/>P8: 00078c9e<nl/>P9: <nl/>P10: <nl/><nl/>Attached files:<nl/><nl/>These files may be available here:<nl/>C:\Users\felgersma\AppData\Local\Microsoft\Windows\WER\ReportArchive\AppCrash_Ssms.exe_89a64aa0912742cdc59239b0e49f3eea1441adb7_9d291751<nl/><nl/>Analysis
symbol: <nl/>Rechecking for solution: 0<nl/>Report Id: fb97f994-9da5-11e4-9418-ac162d73da9f<nl/>Report Status: 2048<nl/>Hashed bucket:,(0),1001,,cvcnt42