Modelling and simulation of digital system

HI All,
I want to model and simulate a digital system:
I/P is 2 volt pk to pk analog signal which will be digitized with 16 bit ADC (2's complement). this digitized signal has to mulitplied with ( digital Sine and cosine waves). The o/p has to filtered with a fix point FIR filter then sqaured and added.
I want to study effects of truncation at different stages.
I am attaching a basic model.
Please guide me.
Labview user
Attachments:
Simulation1.vi ‏58 KB

Duplicate thread: http://forums.ni.com/ni/board/message?board.id=170&message.id=282858
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Modeling and Simulation occur error

I have established a model about APEX PA78, but the simulation reports some error, please help me!
Spreadsheet view report is followed:
------ Checking SPICE netlist for PA78 - 2010-01-28 20:12:00 ------
SPICE Netlist Error in schematic RefDes 'u2', element 'xu2': Unexpected '15' found on subckt instance line - too many nodes or parameter value missing name.
SPICE Netlist Error in schematic RefDes 'u2', element '<unknown>': Due to errors, the subckt instance 'xu2' has been omitted from the simulation
SPICE Netlist Error in schematic RefDes 'u1', element 'xu1': Unexpected '1' found on subckt instance line - too many nodes or parameter value missing name.
SPICE Netlist Error in schematic RefDes 'u1', element '<unknown>': Due to errors, the subckt instance 'xu1' has been omitted from the simulation
======= SPICE Netlist check completed, 4 error(s), 0 warning(s) =======
The accessory includes three files, they are:
PA78.TXT is the BERKELEY SPICE model about PA78 from
http://apex.cirrus.com/en/products/apex/design_software.html
PA78U_B.pdf is data sheet about PA78 from
http://apex.cirrus.com/en/products/pro/detail/P1163.html
PA78.ms10 is a bridge-connected configuration, but PA78 itself don't run a simulation.
帖子被Fangel在 01-28-2010 06:38 AM
时编辑过了
Solved!
Go to Solution.
Attachments:
PA78.TXT ‏7 KB
PA78U_B.pdf ‏820 KB
PA78.ms10 ‏139 KB

Hi,
I'll expand a little on what Angela said about the .ENDS, and then try to clear up the pins.
The SPICE model that you are using for the PA78 includes several subcircuits and models. Best practice for creating a component in Multisim is to have only a single .SUBCKT or .MODEL per component. The point of this is to make sure that any additional subcircuits or models are contained so that they don't interfere with each other in the final netlist. The easiest way to fix this is to move the .ENDS for the main subcircuit to the end of the entire block - so instead of just adding the .ENDS at the end, you would need to also remove the first .ENDS line in the file. For this circuit, you probably don't need to do that, however in general it's a good idea to do it when making a component like this.
As for the pins, step 6 of the Component Wizard is asking you for the order that the pins will be used in the model. The (original) model you have only has 10 nodes, so it's not a problem if you only have 10 pins there. If you have 12 pins on your symbol, and only 10 model nodes, then you just mark the two unused pins as "NC"(you can also add two "fake" pins to the .SUBCKT which is what you did, but you don't have to).
For the rest of the pins, look at the .SUBCKT line and the comments just before it:
* PINOUT ORDER +IN -IN IL OUT +VS -VS CR+ CC+ CR- CC-
* PINOUT ORDER 7 6 1 2 12 4 8 11 10 3
.SUBCKT PA78 7 6 1 2 12 4 8 11 10 3
The comments telling you the pinout order are telling you the order that the pins must be listed when using the PA78 .SUBCKT. As you can see from the .SUBCKT line and comments, even though IL is pin 1 on the component, it actually needs to be listed third when using the .SUBCKT. That's what Step 6 in the Component Wizard is asking you for. Step 6 lets you tell Multisim the order in which to use the pins. The comment tells you that +IN is model node 1, -IN is model node 2, IL is model node 3, etc, and then you tell Multisim this by setting the model node numbers
Hope that helps!
Christopher Lansing
Software Developer
National Instruments

Error in creation of model and version

Hi experts,
While I m trying to create Model and Version SAP demo systems, it is showing me error " Live cache is not availble".
Should I copy a planning version to new or should I contact basis team for that? It is also not allowing me to create new LC connection.
I am attaching screen shots. Please help.

Hi All,
BASIS guy have configured Live Cache. We have started live Cache succesfully.
Still facing problem in Version stating that an error occured in Live cache.
Kindly help.
Attaching screen shot below.

How to run simulations of MIMO models having direct feedthrough, using the control and simulation loop?

say i have the MIMO model of a system in transfer function as
4s + 4       0
10s+1
                                =   G(s)
0             3s + 3
               10s+1
this model has direct feedthrough. how do i run simulations of to say, a 2 step inputs?
I don't get any output signals. please, see attached VI file.
thank you.
Attachments:
Q1 test.vi ‏56 KB

Hi tomcruize79
Thanks for using the forums! Sorry for the delay in getting back to you - how have you been getting on with this?
One thing to note is that you can use the Signal Generator VI to generate a function as an input. Try this with your model and let me know how you get on.
Regards,
Peter D

HT202008 I am having issues with my Window 7 on boot camp. My hardware is Macbook Pro Mid 2010 model and working on OS X 10.9.5. Recently I went to windows 7 to do a system upgrade but failed and was told to update the bootcamp drivers.

I am having issues with my Window 7 on boot camp. My hardware is Macbook Pro Mid 2010 model and working on OS X 10.9.5. Recently I went to windows 7 to do a system upgrade but failed and was told to update the bootcamp drivers. I installed boot camp5 but seem to be the wrong version and change to boot camp 4 which was updated okay. However I still cannot do the updates. Can someone advice me please? Thank you!

Please see Boot Camp: System requirements for Microsoft Windows operating systems - Apple Support for the appropriate version of drivers related to the specific version of Windows 7.
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A mid 2010 Mac Pro, trying to get 5.1 surround out of the onboard sound software using fiber optic out connected to a Logitech Z906 5.1 speaker sys. with fiber optic in and out, all I get is stereo and simulated 5.1 sound out of the speakers. In utilities, Audio Midi Setup I can't get the Mac to see the Logitech speakers for 5.1 speaker configuration. Without being made to feel like a dummy, does anyone have a solution? Thanks, Carl

Hello John, I figured it was a signal issue. All the speakers fire and the sound is great. I was running the speakers thru a Dell PC with a Creative X-Fi Elite Pro, THX Certified, 7.1 soundcard using a fiber optic from the Mac Pro to the Z906's, it worked great until the Dell died!!! When I bought the soundcard from Creative I also bought the GigaWorks S750, THX Certified, 700 watt, 7.1 speaker system, used the speakers for 11 years and then the woofer/amp said "I QUIT" Creative quit making the speaker system and the sound card. The satellite speakers from the Creative GigaWorks speaker system still sound great (rated at 78 watt each) and are a little better speaker than the one's that came with the Z906 and the wattage from the 906 is sufficient to drive the satellites without any distortion. Thank you for addressing my issue, you confirmed what I suspected all along, just needed to hear it from someone with the same setup.
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Implementation of state space model with constant disturbance in mathscript and simulation

I am new to LabVIEW and now I am doing a project realizing heater control in 8 rooms.
I have realized the state space model in the form x(k+1)=x(k)+u(k) using mathscript (using c_to_d) and feed it into control and simulation loop for simulation.
My problem is, in my project, I have to consider the disturbance from the other rooms. So the statespace model changed to be x(k+1)=x(k)+u(k)+E*d, where E is the matrix concerning the disturbance and d is the vector of disturbance. How could I implement the disturbance and discretize the new model in mathscript and which function to choose for the simulation. Discrete state space stochastic model?
Appreciate your kind help.

Hello, state space models in LabVIEW most of the time are being implemented by utilizing mathscript syntax
in addition with some functions of the LabVIEW Control Design and Simulation Module.
There´s a couple of nice tutorials for control design with these tools which I´d like to point you to as a first step.
http://www.ni.com/white-paper/6368/en/
http://www.ni.com/white-paper/6368/en/
http://www.ni.com/white-paper/6435/en/
http://home.hit.no/~hansha/documents/lab/Lab%20Work/MathScript/MathScript%20Lab%20-%20Part%20II.pdf
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Differences between operational systems data modeling and data warehouse da

Hello Everyone,
Can anybody help me understand the differences between operational systems data modeling and data warehouse data modeling>
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Hello A S!
What you mean is the difference between modelling after normal form like in operational systems (OLTP) e. g. 3NF and modelling a InfoCube in a data warehouse (OLAP)?
While in a OLTP you want to have data tables free of redundance and ready for transactions meaning writing and reading few records often, in an OLAP-system you need to read a lot of data for every query you do on a database. Often in an OLAP-system you aggregate these amounts of data.
Therefore you use another principle for these database scheme. This is called star schema. This means that you have one central table (called fact table) which holds the key figures and have keys to another tables with characteristics. These other tables are called dimension tables. They hold combinations of the characteristics. Normally you design it that your dimensions are small, so the access on the data is more efficent.
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Control Design and Simulation and DAQ

I'm learning Control Design and Simulations. I have some questions about it.
1. For System Identification use, we can find the transfer function/model of the system by feeding data measurement from the system. But, how long data do we need to be sufficent for Identification System to estimate the model? Until the get saturated value (steady state)? or any other intervals? What if the system is unstable? How will Identification System Toolkit estimate that case?
2. For connecting to hardware, we just connect the clock in the simulation loop to the hardware? And the simulation loop will simulate the blocks inside once it got the trigger/data from the DAQ? what about the step time and solver? Do they follow the timing from hardware? or they will run on their own supplied values/clock?if we use USB DAQ, we can't have any clock from it (as far as I know it's because USB connection is not that stable for clocking since it might be any jitters or delays.) So, how do we configure the timing parameter for USB DAQ?
3. There is possibility to convert model in transfer function to state space, how do we know the states inside that conversion?
Any helps would be great...
Thanks in advance...

Dear Chin ho,
After going through your questions I found some documentation which will be useful for you. But I you still have more questions, you can reply me any time.
1- About the data and amount of it I couldn't find any info but maybe you can use the new functions in LV version 2009 and find your answer.
Estimating States of Nonlinear Stochastic State-Space Models with Extended Kalman Filters
In previous versions of the LabVIEW Control Design and Simulation Module, you can use the Discrete Kalman Filter function and the Continuous Kalman Filter function to estimate the states of a linear discrete or linear continuous stochastic state-space model, respectively. In the LabVIEW 2009 Control Design and Simulation Module, you can use the Continuous Extended Kalman Filter function and the Discrete Extended Kalman Filter function to estimate the states of a nonlinear continuous or a nonlinear discrete stochastic state-space model, respectively.
The Continuous Extended Kalman Filter function and the Discrete Extended Kalman Filter function estimate model states of a partially observable plant based on noisy measurements. First, use the SIM Discrete Nonlinear Plant Model template VI or the SIM Continuous Nonlinear Plant Model template VI, located in the labview\templates\Control and Simulation directory, to define the system model. Then use the the Discrete Nonlinear Noisy Plant function or the Continuous Nonlinear Noisy Plant function to simulate the discrete or continuous nonlinear model, respectively, with the addition of noise. Finally, use the Continuous Extended Kalman Filter function or the Discrete Extended Kalman Filter function to estimate the states of your model.
The Continuous Extended Kalman Filter function and the Discrete Extended Kalman Filter function linearize the nonlinear system either by calculating a Jacobian matrix internally or by using an external Jacobian matrix that you define. Use the SIM Continuous Jacobians template VI or the SIM Discrete Jacobians template VI, located in the labview\templates\Control and Simulation directory, to define an external Jacobian matrix.
Refer to the LabVIEW Control Design User Manual, accessible by navigating to the labview\manuals directory and opening CD_User_Manual.pdf, for more information about estimating the states of nonlinear stochastic state-space models with extended Kalman filters.
2- I think that I found a pdf document about this part of your question which will be helpful. If you would like to give your email address, I can send it to you.
3- About this part you can check the help function in LabVIEW when you open the "CD Convert Transfer function To State-space" function in your front panel.
I pasted some info about the mathematic part below.
The LabVIEW Control Design and Simulation Module provides tools to study the dynamics of systems described by linear time-invariant (LTI) continuous and discrete models. You can create deterministic state-space, transfer function, and zero-pole-gain models. You also can create stochastic state-space models and the second-order statistics noise models. You can use these forms to describe both single-input single-output (SISO) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems.
Continuous transfer function and zero-pole-gain models use the s variable to define time, whereas discrete transfer function and zero-pole-gain models use the z variable to define time. Continuous state-space models use the t variable to define time, whereas discrete state-space models use the k variable to define time.
Deterministic State-Space Model
Continuous
x(t) = Ax("t) + Bu(t)
y(t) = Cx(t) + Du(t)
Discrete
x(k + 1) = Ax(k) + Bu(k)
y(k) = Cx(k) + Du(k)
Stochastic State-Space Model
Continuous
x(t) = Ax(t) + Bu(t) + Gw(t)
y(t) = Cx(t) + Du(t) + Hw(t) + v(t)
Discrete
x(k + 1) = Ax(k) + Bu(k) + Gw(k)
y(k) = Cx(k) + Du(k) + Hw(k) + v(k)
Second-Order Statistics Noise Model
Q = E{w . wT} – E{w} . ET{w}
R = E{v . vT} – E{v} . ET{v}
N = E{w . vT} – E{w} . ET{v}
where
t is continuous time.
k is the model sampling time multiplied by the discrete time step, where the discrete time step equals 0, 1, 2, …
x is the model state vector.
u is the model input vector.
y is the model output vector.
w is the process noise vector.
v is the measurement noise vector.
A is an n × n state matrix of the given model.
B is an n × m input matrix of the given model.
C is an r × n output matrix of the given model.
D is an r × m direct transmission matrix of the given model.
n is the number of model states.
m is the number of model inputs.
r is the number of model outputs.
G is a matrix relating w to the model states.
H is a matrix relating w to the model outputs.
Q is the auto-covariance matrix of w.
R is the auto-covariance matrix of v.
N is the cross-covariance matrix between w and v.
E{} denotes the expected value or the mean of the enclosed term(s).

No icon in the control and simulation palette, toolkit is instaled

only question marks on the palette

Hi Adj;
Do you have more information on the LabVIEW and the control design and simulation toolkit you are using?
Here is a document that solves that issue for LabVIEW 8.2 and Control Design and Simulation Toolkit 2.1.1:
http://digital.ni.com/public.nsf/allkb/57E03AEB671A6D9F8625725A0079E37F?OpenDocument
I hope the information is useful
Good Luck!
Francisco Arellano
National Instruments Mexico
Field Systems Engineer - Energy Segment
www.ni.com/soporte

Where can I find more information on Control and Simulation Software?

Where can I find out more information on Control and Simulation Software for G (GSIM)?
I am currently programming a PID controller using a Siemens PLC. I have installed LabVIEW DataLogging and Supervisory Control Module which allows LabVIEW to interface with my PLC.
Would appreciate if you could offer me some advice on whether it would be possible for the PLC PID controller to control a first order process model created using GSIM? Please email me at [email protected] if you could offer me any advice or assistance.
Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.
Best regards
Donald

I see that you posted to the DSC forum, but you did not get GSIM information. Below is the link for the user manual for the Control and Simulation Toolkit. It is the single best source for info on the toolkit.
http://digital.ni.com/manuals.nsf/webAdvsearch/63E23F9BA1494FE98625665E00635898?OpenDocument

System Identification with Digital System

Hey,
So when using the system identification toolkit, the user excites the system with a analog signal. After they're finished with the entire process they're able to get a plant model of their system. So what if they're system will be using digital inputs/outputs (e.g. a digital amplifier on their proportional valve), can their system be excited with digital outputs and then achieve a digital plant model? Or must their system be an analog system to use the toolkit?
Thanks

If your search didn't turn them up, then you probably have the base package of LabVIEW and the functions are not included. The search function is at the top of the functions palette.
You can use either function provide data to a DAQ output. If you want to use an analog output, you just have to wire the waveform to a DAQmx Write. Look at any of the shipping examples for DAQ output. Most of them use waveforms such as a sine wave but it doesn't matter. Waveform data is waveform data.

Mathematica Link for LabVIEW Integrates Design Models and Measurements

Mathematica Link for LabVIEW, a new technical computing
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This software bridges National Instruments LabVIEW graphical
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Socalledvita-
What functionality are you looking from the Amplitude and Level Measurement Express VI? There is not one-one replacement you can use. However, there are definitely ways of calculating the DC and RMS values of a signal as well as finding the max and min points, etc. Please be more specific in what you are trying to accomplish.
Regards,
Mike S
NI AE

Synchronize Control and Simulation loops

When simulating control systems with LV Control and Simulation loops, I often have multiple loops running at different rates. For example, I have a PWM loop running at 20 kHz, a data acquisition loop running at 100 kHz, and a control loop running at 10 kHz. How can I synchronize all of these loops so that they stay on the same time base? Obviously the master time base will need to be at least as fast as the fastest simulation loop.
I've tried synchronizing all loops to the 1 kHz clock (I'm running on Windows), but each loop runs one period per clock tick (e.g. my 20 kHz loop counts up 50us per clock tick, my 100 kHz loop counts up 10us per clock tick, etc). I need all of the loops to be synchronized to one master time base so the simulation time is identical in each loop, but each loop will be executed at a different rate.
Any thoughts?
Solved!
Go to Solution.

Hello,
A quick suggestion - why can't you run all three systems in a single simulation loop, but have different sample rates for the blocks for each system ?
Is your system entirely digital, or a mixture of continuous and digital - it may simplify things if you can convert everything to discrete time.
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Copy data models and reports from BW 3.1 to NW 2004s

Hi experts,
Our client has two BW servers: BW 3.1 and BI 7. BW 3.1 contains lots of data models and reports. And the BI 7 server is newly installed.
Now we want to copy these data models and reports from BW 3.1 to the new BI 7 server. Are there any solutions for this?
Thank you very much in advance.

Hi Frank,
Sounds like a cross version transport is needed.
This is a solution we have used to do what you want to do:-
Create and release a transport as per normal.
Copy and transport the files from the source system (BW 3.1) e.g /usr/sap/trans/data & /usr/sap/trans/cofiles to the same folders on the target system.
Basis help is needed here.
From here onwards using stms_import should help you in the normal manner.
Works a treat.
Have transported the following all correctly appearing as 3.x data models in NW2004s.
DSO objects.
Cubes
Transfer/Update rules
Reports.
Cheers,
Pom

Modelling and simulation of digital system

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