Public static BookDB instance() - java book store
hi, can some one explain what is the use of instance function. ( the code is from sun's Duke bookstore example )
public static BookDB instance () {
if (onlyInstance == null)
onlyInstance = new BookDB();
return onlyInstance;
thanks..
hello,baalaji
This is a "singleton" design pattern.
This pattern will make sure there is no more than one instance of BookDB class in the JVM.
I am sure that you do not display another important phrase of codes---construction method. Have a look at this method, there must be:private BookDB(){
} This private construction method makes sure no one could new an instance of this class through a "new" keywords. The only method can new an instance is through BookDBinstance()!
Good luck and enjoy Java!
Wang Yu
Developer Technical Support
Sun Microsystems
http://sun.com/developers/support
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import java.net.MalformedURLException;
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accessed by prefixing them with the class name. A
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initialise static variables. Variables declared
within the static initialisation block exist only
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e.g.
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static Bar bar; // static member variable
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static {
// variable declared in static block...
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public static void main (String []args)
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static - the method is a static instance of the class. Not sure what exactly it does though.
void - this is the return type. void means that the method returns nothing.
main - the name of the method. It can be anything.
"public static void main" - this is the main method where upon executing the Java program the Java Virtual Machine will try to locate this method within the specifies class to be executed. This is always the first one to run when executing a Java program. None of this word may be changed or the program cannot be run. -
Static class variable doesn't store ?
Hi,
I'm a beginner in java.
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private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private static SOMTrainer trainer;
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private static SOMNode nodes;
private static Hashtable nwordf;
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thanks,
Yigit
thankyou. I solved the problem. But why static fields
are not good idea ? How can i get rid of these...Remove the static word :) Seriously, try to develop a technique to get swiftly out of the static main method. Like this:
class MyClass {
MyClass() {
// Your code here instead of in main method.
public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyClass();
}
thankyou. I solved the problem. But why static fields
are not good idea ? How can i get rid of these...Remove the static word :) Seriously, try to develop a technique to get swiftly out of the static main method. Like this:
class MyClass {
MyClass() {
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public static void main(String[] args) {
new MyClass();
}
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hi,
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thanks,
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what's the probelm? you call this in the threads class
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import javax.swing.tree.*;
import java.awt.*;
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result += parent.enumerate(t, false);
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for(int i=0; i<getChildCount(parent); i++) {
if(getChild(parent,i).equals(child))
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Set listeners = new HashSet();
public void addTreeModelListener(TreeModelListener l) {
listeners.add(l);
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listeners.remove(l);
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I'll have a look over JDB in the meantime thanks :)
thanks,
asjf
Hi,
I am a self-taught Java programmer and have been writing Java code over the past 18 months. I am comfortable with general coding, but I am having great difficulty deciding whether a method should be static or instance.
In many cases, I decide to create a class which has maybe 1 or 2 methods. A good example of this is the class I wrote which allows me to pass it a JFrame and it then centres the JFrame on screen. Seems to me I can do 1 of 2 things.
1. Put the code in the class constructor and then call it with:
CentreMe cm = new CentreMe(this);
where CentreMe is the name of the class and this refers to the JFrame that is being passed
2. Put the code in a static method within the class and then call it with:
CentreMe.CenterFrame(this);
Assuming that all the CentreMe class does is to centre a frame in this way, which is the correct (or at least best) approach. Seems to me there is no point in creating objects as per option 1 when they are never used therafter?
If anyone has advice or a URL that deals with this particular "design" issue I would be very grateful.
Thanks
Mark
Given that design, then your intuition is correct, that method should be static. No need for objects there. But on a higher level, the design is backwards. Instead of having a separate class that knows how to centre a JFrame, it would be better to create a subclass of JFrame that knows how to centre itself. Have a look at Bruce Eckel's online book "Thinking in Java" ( http://www.bruceeckel.com ); it has a lot of useful information about the design of objects.
hi everybody,
I am attending data structure and alogrithms class ...i wanna know about all, so which book can I read to understand.
Also in java what is the meaning of
"public static int"....
it have got "return" what is the meaning it ??
best regards
blazer
Perhaps you should try the Java forums and not the Sun Ray forum :)
Java compiler contradicts Java book
NOW this is a big surprise...One of the Java book says "If a static member of the class, singleton in the ex below, is PUBLIC, the client (HelloUser in this case) can still access the static member even if the client is not in the same package" . I tried it but got the following error - singleton can't be accessed outside the package ? Any clues ?
import learn.*;
public class HelloUser {
public static void main(String args[])
Object obj[] = {new Integer(11), new Character('A')};
Hello.print(obj);
singleton.GetSingleton().print();
package learn;
class singleton {
private static int mX;
private singleton(int x) {mX = x;}
private static singleton sSingle = new singleton(10);;
public static singleton GetSingleton() {
print();
return sSingle;
public static void print()
System.out.println("Val: " + mX);
}
No, the book is not wrong just not quite complete. It should have stated that other classes in the same package have access ...OK, let's complete the original statement using your suggestion :
An object of a class with package access can be created by any class inside the package but not outside the package. However, if a static member of that class is public, the client programmer can still access that static member from withn the same package even though they can't create an object of that class.
Does this make any sense? No.
Convertion of class variable (static) into instance variable(non-static)!
Dear all,
got a slight different question.
Is that possible to convert class variable (static) into instance variable(non-static)?
If so, how to make the conversion?
Appreciating your replies :)
Take care all,
Leslie V
http://www.googlestepper.blogspot.com
http://www.scrollnroll.blogspot.com
JavaDriver wrote:
Anything TBD w.r.to pass by value/reference (without removing 'static' keyword)?Besides the use of acronyms in ways that don't make much sense there are two other large problems with this "sentence".
1) Java NEVER passes by reference. ALWAYS pass by value.
2) How parameters are passed has exactly zero to do with static.
Which all means you have a fundamentally broken understanding of how Java works at all.
Am I asking something apart from this?
Thanks for your reply!
Leslie VWhat you're asking is where to find the tutorials because you're lost. Okay. Here you go [http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/java/index.html]
And also for the love of god read this [http://www.javaranch.com/campfire/StoryPassBy.jsp] There is NO excuse for not knowing pass-by in Java in this day and age other than sheer laziness.
My Warm Hello to Everyone Out there,
I am absolutely New to Java. Absolutely. I am astonished by the pure beautiful advances made to the paradigm of C++, that created this enormous Programming language.
Well I understand for the Most common example: "Example.java" Program that one may find in most of the books, as the starting program for the Life in Java...
class Example{
public static void main(string args[]){
// body of main
}In Which "Example". can this main() be anything else: private or protected?
If no Why not?
:: DreamyDinesh ::
It seems that Java's Initial Versions might have been doing something else. It looks as if either, this
method of sandwitching the main() inside a Class (whose nomenclature, is not 2 b ignored) was followed
out of experience or it was well planned then, brought into action.It was ever thus. The JLS (Java Language Specification) has always specififed that a program's main
is to be public and static, but some earlier versions of Sun's JVM didn't check for that public modifier,
so one could thrill to having their private mains executed. The current JVMs do check for this.
How can i pass the values to method public static void showBoard(boolean[][
I need x and y to pass to the method
public static void showBoard(boolean[][] board
i am very confused as to why its boolean,i know its an array but does that mean values ar true or false only?Thanks
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.Scanner;
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public static void main(String[] args)
int x=0;
int y=0;
Scanner keyIn = new Scanner(System.in);
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x = keyIn.nextInt();
System.out.println("Enter the second dimension of the board : );
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fillBoard(board);
showBoard(board);
//Ask the user how many generations to show.
board = newBoard(board);
showBoard(board);
//This method randomly populates rows 5-9 of the board
//Rewrite this method to allow the user to populate the board by entering the
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//your program should make cell 0,0 alive.
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int row, col, isAlive;
Random picker = new Random();
for(row = 4; row < 9; row++)
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int row, col;
System.out.println();
for(row=0; row < x; row++)
for(col=0; col<y; col++)
if (board[row][col])
System.out.print("X");
else
System.out.print(".");
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
//This method creates the next generation and returns the new population
public static boolean[][] newBoard(boolean[][] board)
int row;
int col;
int neighbors;
boolean[][] newBoard = new boolean[board.length][board[0].length];
makeDead(newBoard);
for(row = 1; row < board.length-1; row++)
for(col = 1; col < board[row].length-1; col++)
neighbors = countNeighbors(row, col, board);
//make this work with one less if
if (neighbors < 2)
newBoard[row][col]=false;
else if (neighbors > 3)
newBoard[row][col] = false;
else if (neighbors == 2)
newBoard[row][col]= board[row][col];
else
newBoard[row][col] = true;
return newBoard;
//This method counts the number of neighbors surrounding a cell.
//It is given the current cell coordinates and the board
public static int countNeighbors(int thisRow, int thisCol, boolean[][] board)
int count = 0;
int row, col;
for (row = thisRow - 1; row < thisRow + 2; row++)
for(col = thisCol - 1; col < thisCol + 2; col++)
if (board[row][col])
count++;
if (board[thisRow][thisCol])
count--;
return count;
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public static void makeDead(boolean[][] board)
int row, col;
for(row = 0; row < board.length; row++)
for(col = 0; col < board[row].length; col++)
board[row][col] = false;
}
this is what im workin with mabey you can point me in the right directionimport java.util.Random;
/* This class creates an application to simulate John Conway's Life game.
* Output is sent to the System.out object.
* The rules for the Life game are as follows...
* Your final version of the program should explain the game and its use
* to the user.
public class Life
public static void main(String[] args)
//Allow the user to specify the board size
boolean[][] board = new boolean[10][10];
fillBoard(board);
showBoard(board);
//Ask the user how many generations to show.
board = newBoard(board);
showBoard(board);
//This method randomly populates rows 5-9 of the board
//Rewrite this method to allow the user to populate the board by entering the
//coordinates of the live cells. If the user requests that cell 1, 1 be alive,
//your program should make cell 0,0 alive.
public static void fillBoard(boolean[][] board)
int row, col, isAlive;
Random picker = new Random();
for(row = 4; row < 9; row++)
for(col = 4; col < 9; col++)
if (picker.nextInt(2) == 0)
board[row][col] = false;
else
board[row][col] = true;
//This method displays the board
public static void showBoard(boolean[][] board)
int row, col;
System.out.println();
for(row=0; row < 10; row++)
for(col=0; col<10; col++)
if (board[row][col])
System.out.print("X");
else
System.out.print(".");
System.out.println();
System.out.println();
//This method creates the next generation and returns the new population
public static boolean[][] newBoard(boolean[][] board)
int row;
int col;
int neighbors;
boolean[][] newBoard = new boolean[board.length][board[0].length];
makeDead(newBoard);
for(row = 1; row < board.length-1; row++)
for(col = 1; col < board[row].length-1; col++)
neighbors = countNeighbors(row, col, board);
//make this work with one less if
if (neighbors < 2)
newBoard[row][col]=false;
else if (neighbors > 3)
newBoard[row][col] = false;
else if (neighbors == 2)
newBoard[row][col]= board[row][col];
else
newBoard[row][col] = true;
return newBoard;
//This method counts the number of neighbors surrounding a cell.
//It is given the current cell coordinates and the board
public static int countNeighbors(int thisRow, int thisCol, boolean[][] board)
int count = 0;
int row, col;
for (row = thisRow - 1; row < thisRow + 2; row++)
for(col = thisCol - 1; col < thisCol + 2; col++)
if (board[row][col])
count++;
if (board[thisRow][thisCol])
count--;
return count;
//This method makes each cell in a board "dead."
public static void makeDead(boolean[][] board)
int row, col;
for(row = 0; row < board.length; row++)
for(col = 0; col < board[row].length; col++)
board[row][col] = false;
}
Confuse in Chapter 25 Persistence in the Web Tier's example book store.
Hi all,
I'm confusing about the example in Chapter 25 Persistence in the Web Tier.
the book store example creates the bookdbao in contextlistener
BookDBAO bookDBAO = new BookDBAO(emf);
context.setAttribute("bookDBAO", bookDBAO);and the bookdbao's constructor like this.
public BookDBAO(EntityManagerFactory emf) throws Exception {
try {
em = emf.createEntityManager();
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw new Exception(
"Couldn't open connection to database: " + ex.getMessage());
}and the servler get bookdbao like
BookDBAO bookDBAO = (BookDBAO) getServletContext().getAttribute("bookDBAO");so if many users access the servlet at the sametime,
they all get the same bookDBAO,
but i think em is not guaranteed to be threadsafe.
so the example is not thread-safe, is it?
thanks
Hi all,
I'm confusing about the example in Chapter 25 Persistence in the Web Tier.
the book store example creates the bookdbao in contextlistener
BookDBAO bookDBAO = new BookDBAO(emf);
context.setAttribute("bookDBAO", bookDBAO);and the bookdbao's constructor like this.
public BookDBAO(EntityManagerFactory emf) throws Exception {
try {
em = emf.createEntityManager();
} catch (Exception ex) {
throw new Exception(
"Couldn't open connection to database: " + ex.getMessage());
}and the servler get bookdbao like
BookDBAO bookDBAO = (BookDBAO) getServletContext().getAttribute("bookDBAO");so if many users access the servlet at the sametime,
they all get the same bookDBAO,
but i think em is not guaranteed to be threadsafe.
so the example is not thread-safe, is it?
thanks
JDev 3.2 Deployment wizard failed to show public static methods in step #3.
JDeveloper 3.2 and 3.1 Deployment Wizard ( step #3) does not show any public static methods being deployed as Java stored procedures. The "settings" button is disabled.
Is this a demo version of the tool ?
It's probably easier to add them all and remove the ones you don't want. Admittedly this is a bit cumbersome, because the 3.2 navigator doesn't allow multiple selection..
(one area that's much better in 9i :) )
Brian
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I previously bought Aperture 3 and installed in on an iMac and a MBP. I just bought a new MBA to replace the MBP, but the MBA doesn't have enough memory for me to do a complete restore of the MBP on the MBA. So I am trying to find a way to deactiva
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hi, I have designed a tablecontrol screen with 2 tabstrip buttons as Reservation and Cancellation. and also having the push buttons with icons like 'ADD', 'Change Hotel', 'PageDown' and 'Page Up', Here, my problem is While I am clicking ADD pu