Questions on /etc/default/grub
i'm currently switching from syslinux to grub2 due to lack of support with xen and lvm/luks and just general information that i have a massive headache from googling for hours about.
anyways, i'm configuring grub very cautiously because i would prefer a simple reboot in opposition to having to stick a live cd in and unlock and mount all my partitions and do all this messy work.
is it possible to configure all options designating kernel, initrd, and kernel parameters from the "GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT" variable and its friends?
i know that i can configure grub.cfg by hand but i would much rather prefer to do it from /etc/default/grub
i use lvm on luks and i'm setting up my arch installation as a dom0
any help?
You don't need to specify the kernel and initrd if you are going to have grub generate the configuration automatically - just the kernel parameters.
Please read the wiki. The documentation on this is excellent.
Similar Messages
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How to set the default boot kernel in /etc/default/grub or /etc/grub.d
and without messing with /boot/grub/grub.cfg ?
I need this so that new kernels show up but do not change the default boot kernel
Is there a way to do it by file name instead of position within the menuentry / submenu list?
I found some ubuntu and fedora sugestions but all by position, none by name
AND how to set the kdump kernel as the default?
Arch is putting this kernel under a submenu - would this pose problems for setting it as the default?
Last edited by Sanjeev K Sharma (2015-04-06 12:59:22)Sanjeev K Sharma wrote:
and without messing with /boot/grub/grub.cfg ?
I need this so that new kernels show up but do not change the default boot kernel
Is there a way to do it by file name instead of position within the menuentry / submenu list?
I found some ubuntu and fedora sugestions but all by position, none by name
AND how to set the kdump kernel as the default?
Arch is putting this kernel under a submenu - would this pose problems for setting it as the default?
In /etc/default/grub you can use the name of your entry you wish to use as default
GRUB_DEFAULT='Arch Linux, with Linux core repo kernel'
You can tell grub to stop using submenus by doing:
GRUB_DISABLE_SUBMENU=y
Or you can just make a purely custom menuentry in /etc/grub.d/40_custom if you'd like:
menuentry "Other Linux" {
linux <KERNEL IMAGE HERE>
initrd <INITRD IMAGE HERE>
EDIT: /etc/grub/default -> /etc/default/grub
Last edited by Slabity (2015-04-07 11:16:22) -
[SOLVED] grub2 recreate /etc/default/grub and /etc/grub.d
I made lot of changes on /etc/default/grub so i decided to remove it along with the /etc/grub.d/* to start from scratch. I thought that after reinstalling grub-bios package these files will be automatically recreated. But I wasn't right. How can I get them recreated?
Last edited by dummyan (2012-08-25 19:06:29)Found the solution, files are actually included in grub-common package. Marking as solved.
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[Solved]Grub ignores commands in /etc/xen/grub.conf
I have the following lines in the file /etc/xen/grub.conf, however it completely ignores the changes I have made
#XEN_HYPERVISOR_CMDLINE="dom0_mem=-4096M dom0_vcpus_pin=true iommu=1 xsave=1"
#XEN_LINUX_CMDLINE="console=tty0"
after running
grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
and then rebooting and runnning
sudo xl list
I get
Domain-0 0 7643 8 r----- 167.9
Last edited by TheLowEndTheory (2014-04-19 08:57:49)Sometimes it's the simple things, I can't believe I didn't bother to check if that was a comment. I just face palmed so hard, thank you.
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Quotes in options /etc/default/slapd
I want to start the openldap-server (slapd) on two of the four interfaces I have: eth1 and localhost. On the commandline you can start slapd with the option -h "ldap://127.0.0.1 ldap://192.168.1.1". The quotes surround all the options to the -h parameter.
With arch, I'm supposed to supply the options in /etc/defaults/slapd. There's the line:
SLAPD_OPTIONS=""
If I put the above options in there, I get an error message about ldap://192.168.1.1 not being a command. I tried to escape the quotes by putting a in front of 'm, but that didn't work either. Is there a way to do this?I don't use this package, so this may not help, but I can assign the right value for SLAPD_OPTIONS on the command line like this:
$ SLAPD_OPTIONS="-h "ldap://127.0.0.1 ldap://192.168.1.1""
$ echo $SLAPD_OPTIONS
-h "ldap://127.0.0.1 ldap://192.168.1.1"
Any use to you? -
o.k. So, I've been tinkering with several "self help" fixes for several days now with no positive results. I'll explain my initial problems and then end with my most current situation. In hopes that someone out there will have a good suggestion or possibly remedy for the issues i'm facing
First, my problem started after my wife played a game on my macbook pro and the computer froze. She went into a panic and decided to shut down via power button. When computer restarted she got the blinking file/grey screen and that problem continued for a couple of days before I began using steps from various support topics from apple concerning the grey screen/blinking file folder.
Ultimately, yesterday I decided to erase my Macintosh HD file as one tip suggested. Following the brief online and on screen (via the process) tips that were there. Once that was completed I attempted to reinstall snow leopard (my most current version on hand) into the pc.
At first, I thought this would work. It looked promising. But, after several hours the installation screen returned with failure. I attempted to repeat. And, even repair drives during this try and re-try process.
Now, today, one of the drives.. "hitachi..." states that it's failing and is in red letters with no ability to repair via the disc utility screen. The Macintosh HD drive shows that it's o.k. But, this drive is listed under the HItachi drive so I think that's where a problem might lay.
So, I guess my question really revolves around.. What if anything can I do to get the hitachi drive back up? (short of taking it to a repair facility and replacing.)
And, how on earth can i get my OSX back up to I have a laptop again.
Operating on a macbook pro here. It's my lifeline. Otherwise, I am using a Windows desktop that i'm not that fond of. lol
I'm trying to bring this 2006 laptop back to life. Trying to avoid a rather expensive repair or the purchase of a new laptop. Also expensive...
Any help would be appreciated.Well, running on a 2006 model. I did not have a startup disc. Initially, it booted up on original software in 2006. Since then, I've upgraded to 10.6 via a box set. And, since then I think I popped it up to lion.
All I have on a disc is snow leopard. And, I can't get farther than the setup screen due to hard drive. I'm taking to a apple authorized repair store right now. We'll see what they tell me . I'm just going to weigh the cost of repair vs. buying new.
Another bad, stupid thing is I had no means of backing up my stuff. So, I might have lost things like music, vids, etc. we'll see if they can recover. If the cost is too much for repair I might just forget it and start over with a new system. Just not sure at this point. -
Photo stream questions, sharing, etc.
Shared photo stream questions
Camera Roll (CR), Photo Stream (PS)
If I create a shared PS and share it with a friend, is this temporary like the main PS (most recent 1000 images)?
For example, if I put one photo in a shared PS and then take 1000 new photos (but I don't add it to the shared PS), presumably it will disappear from my main PS, but will the original photo disappear from the shared PS, too?
I noticed that each month I have a new monthly event titled, for example, "August photo stream", etc. Are these temporary, too? If I take 1000 photos in September, will the August PS event start to lose images, or will this only occur in the main PS section?
Apple's web site says "iCloud stores new photos for 30 days, so you have plenty of time to connect your iOS device to Wi-Fi and make sure you always have your most recent shots handy." What does this mean? If I take a photo on iPhone it's permanently in CR (until I sync with iTunes on OS X and then iPhoto offers to remove them from CR), but they're also in PS, which is temporary, right? If so, as long as CR is permanent, how big an issue is the 30 day rule?
Here's where I'm (further) confused...
On iPad, my PS section (the tab on bottom) only has 30, relatively recent photos. Each photo was taken with iPhone.
However, on iPhone, my PS section has 547 images. Some of these were taken as screen shots from iPad (even though they're not on iPad's PS??) Some of the images were "Save As... " image files from OS X, some were photos imported to desktop iPhoto from a camera. Many of the images were taken years ago. On desktop iPhoto, I have over 3000 images, but the images on iPhone's PS do not appear to be the most recent 1000 images imported to iPhoto.
So why did iPad's screen shots disappear from iPads PS yet appear on iPhone's PS?
Why aren't the two iOS device's PS sections the same?
Is this confusing to everyone, or am I just dense?
Thanks!You are most likely using the same apple id under settings>iCloud. If you just want to stop the photo sharing you can open settings>iCloud and turn off photostream. If you want to keep using photostream and still not share you need to set up an alternate apple id to use under settings>icloud
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Question regarding the default web template for queries
Hello,
I am trying to learn the default web template that is using for queries:
0QUERY_TEMPLATE_BROADCASTING70
I see that it's <bi:QUERY value="" /> is empty which is logic since the query will be inserted on runtime. My question is, where in the web template does it say that? I can't see any parameter it expects to get with the query's technical name not at the webtemplate code nor at the URL...
RoyRoy,
I think you are mixing things. The template you are mentioning is used for queries that are executed from the query designer. It's not a web template as any other one you create for your users. So, this web template has some parts in it's code that works with the query execution. When you run a query, the system takes the query definition (made in QD) and executes it with the web template indicated for the query. This determination is made by the program that is used to run queries. You can try using RSRT transaction to debug and check how this it's done. If you want to change the default web template used by query designer to run the queries, you should do it copying any standard template, like the one you mentioned. If you don't do it, you won't get the information correct.
Hope this helps.
Regards,
Diego -
[SOLVED] Question about /etc/fstab, systemd and lvm.
Hi,
something happens which I cannot explain:
At the beginning of my boot process it's taking 10 seconds to wait for a device by UUID, but this very UUID is not listed in my /etc/fstab. Afterwards the boot process succeeds without any errors. Why does this happen? Has systemd its own service for mounting (my old) devices?
I'm running lvm on luks and changed the size of my swap partition a few days back. That resulted in a new UUID and I edited /etc/fstab accordingly.
Maybe I just overlooked something trivial in my setup, but anything besides /etc/fstab in use to mount partitions into the filesystem would be new to me.
duxon@rolfgang:~% lsblk -f
NAME FSTYPE LABEL UUID MOUNTPOINT
sda
├─sda1 ext4 91d776eb-1cf4-4437-a06e-f6a86ee7d0fb /boot
└─sda2 crypto_LUKS 60ccab35-5c5c-412f-9acc-0d851ac4970f
└─main LVM2_member 3sVi2y-NRZb-lkce-RM6M-JmqI-qlDn-AiTmdM
├─main-root ext4 457364e5-8d28-4d20-aa7f-befa16d76ae4 /
├─main-swap swap 6ccf4f96-a05f-4e71-b864-7652e3684c23
└─main-home ext4 home 16f3b434-2e12-418c-84a3-d50c9abdd17d /home
duxon@rolfgang:~% cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information
# <file system> <dir> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# /dev/mapper/main-root
/dev/mapper/main-root / ext4 rw,relatime,data=ordered 0 1
# /dev/mapper/main-home LABEL=home
/dev/mapper/main-home /home ext4 rw,relatime,data=ordered 0 2
# /dev/sda1
UUID=91d776eb-1cf4-4437-a06e-f6a86ee7d0fb /boot ext4 rw,relatime,data=ordered 0 2
#swap
UUID=6ccf4f96-a05f-4e71-b864-7652e3684c23 none swap defaults,discard 0 0
Thank you.
Last edited by Duxon (2013-11-07 09:19:14)No success using the /dev/mapper entry for swap.
It still waits 10 seconds for a depreciated UUID, even though I have nowhere specified this UUID.
I didn't find much information on systemd on that matter either.
duxon@rolfgang:~% systemctl list-units | grep mount
proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.automount loaded active waiting Arbitrary Executable File Formats File System Automount Point
-.mount loaded active mounted /
boot.mount loaded active mounted /boot
dev-hugepages.mount loaded active mounted Huge Pages File System
dev-mqueue.mount loaded active mounted POSIX Message Queue File System
home.mount loaded active mounted /home
run-user-1000-gvfs.mount loaded active mounted /run/user/1000/gvfs
sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount loaded active mounted FUSE Control File System
sys-kernel-config.mount loaded active mounted Configuration File System
sys-kernel-debug.mount loaded active mounted Debug File System
tmp.mount loaded active mounted Temporary Directory
systemd-remount-fs.service loaded active exited Remount Root and Kernel File Systems
Systemd doesn't seem to load swap. It loads /home however, whose UUID has changed as well.
Could it be that systemd tries to do so using the initial UUID?
EDIT: No, it doesn't either:
$ cat /run/systemd/generator/home.mount
# Automatically generated by systemd-fstab-generator
[Unit]
SourcePath=/etc/fstab
Before=local-fs.target
[Mount]
What=/dev/mapper/main-home
Where=/home
Type=ext4
FsckPassNo=2
Options=rw,relatime,data=ordered
Any ideas or a direction?
Last edited by Duxon (2013-11-06 14:37:43) -
Stupid question RE: Bios defaults.
with an MSI 745 ultra, what's the button you can hold down on the Kbd on boot up to force it back to the default BIOS settings? Was insert on my old vt6x4.....
I cranked up the bus to 133 (Trying to get an 1800xp to run) and the machine was a total Bubonic (Black death) on bootup. HDD's etc and fans powered, but nothing else...
had to pop out the CMOS Battery to get it to work again...
K.hi
look in the manual for the clear cosmos jumper
make sure the plug switch is of when you move the jumper
post full psu settings temperatures etc and we will try and get you going right -
WiSM Design and Testing Issues / Questions / Queries etc......
Hi all. Heres hoping you can help........
I hope you can grasp the following description of the test network I have. I admit a diagram would have been better but it's hard to send a whiteboard over the web : )
I am currently in the process of designing and testing out a wireless solution and am having a few issues / queries. I have a 6509 with a Wireless Services Module (WiSM) installed in slot 3, one Cisco 1240 AP on a remote LAN and a DHCP server on a remote LAN (not the same as the AP)
I am using LAG on controller 1 with port channel 1 and native VLAN 20.
VLAN 20 is 10.1.1.0 / 24
The management interface has IP address of 10.1.1.10
The AP-manager interface has IP address of 10.1.1.11
VLAN 11 is 128.88.1.0 / 24
The service port has IP address of 128.88.1.10
The Cisco 1240 AP on the remote LAN is picking up a IP address via DHCP (from a remote DHCP server) OK and can route to both the aforementioned VLANs 20 and 11.
Issue/Question 1
I can ping the management interface locally on the 6509 and also remotely from the AP so all looks OK there however I cannot ping the AP-manager locally or remotely.
Is this expected behaviour? I would expect that if I can ping one I should be able to ping the other or is the AP-manager interface not routed and only used in some way to create the LWAPP tunnel>
Issue/Question 2
As previously stated the AP is picking up and IP address but it is not being passed the Option 43 parameter from the DHCP server (not yet ruled out the DHCP server as the cause of this). Due to this I have amended the DNS entry of the management interface (10.1.1.10) to CISCO-LWAPP-CONTROLLER as a last resort. With a console on the AP I can see that the AP tries to join by the "%LWAPP-5-CHANGED: LWAPP changed state to JOIN" output but then get;
LWAPP_CLIENT_ERROR_DEBUG: spamHandleJoinTimer: Did not recieve the Join response
LWAPP_CLIENT_ERROR_DEBUG: No more AP manager IP addresses remain.
Is this related to the fact that I cannot see the AP-Manager interface on the network?
Issue/Question 3
I have chosen to hard code the IP address of the Service port rather than leave it to DHCP. I am more comfortable having static addresses for management. However, there is no option for a default gateway for the service port.... If I try to get round this by applying a static route via the CLI on the WiSM controller to point traffic out via 128.88.1.1 on VLAN 11 this seemingly overrides all routing on the controller and causes my management interface (10.1.1.10) to fall off the network. Is the routing table applied "en masse" to the Controller? If so this surely means that to use the Service Port you have to be on the local LAN segement?!?!
Thanks for reading my ramble and heres hoping you can shed some light on my "niggles" !Hi
I am having exactly the same problem.
Getting the same error message "No more AP manager IP addresses remain."
I'm deploying 200 AP's that will connect to 2x WiSM (4 controllers) in 2 seperate C6k Chassis
(Controller 1a & 1b = wism 1, 2a & 2b = wism 2)
I have had 1 out of the first 5 AP's physically connected, come online and register with Controller 2b (btw: this was not the master controller, it should not have registed with 2b). All others fail with the same error message as above.
I have all Management and AP-Manager interfaces in the same vlan/subnet as my AP's.
I place a console cable onto the failed APs and see the AP cycle though the motions of trying to find the controllers, download new software code from a random controller, then it reboots, gets DHCP assigned, then get the "No more AP manager ip addresses remain" and then issues a "Reload requested by LWAPP CLIENT.
Then the AP does the whole cycle all over again.
Not sure why the AP's don't register with the controllers when they are all in the same vlan.
I have a couple of extra questions.
1. what address do you bind to the dns entry cisco-lwapp-controller.localdomain, is it the management address or AP-Manager address ?
I have bound it to the Management address for WiSM 1a.
Also I have 4x controllers (2x WiSMs, 2 controllers per WiSM). Do I just bind controller 1a's address or do I have to put 4x DNS entries into my DNS server for all my controllers?
2. DHCP option 43, Do I place all 4x management ip addresses in the option or do I put in the AP-Manager Ip address?
I followed this guide but was still a little unsure http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/hw/wireless/ps430/prod_technical_reference09186a00804fc3dc.html#wp125304
2. This final question is more around Dynamic Interfaces for my 4 controllers once I get the AP's resisted,
Do I have to set up a dynamic interface ip address on every controller?
e.g.
Ssid = data, VLAN=10, VLAN10=10.0.0.0/24, I will bind AP's 1-8 to VLan group 10.
Do I have to setup 1 dynamic interfaces per controller in the 10.0.0.0 subnet, taking up 4 addresses ?
And if I only have to set up 1 or 2 dynamic interface, how does this work if the controller fails?
Cheers -
Hi! Question about setting default size when opening existing PDF's.
The pdf documents i download all seem to open up at 202% size. Is there a way to set my default size (for opening and reading documents) to something smaller, so I don't have to always use the magnifying tool to shrink them? Thanks!
Under Preferences | Page Display, set Zoom to 100% or whatever you would like to open it with.
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Very basic modules questions (ath_pci, etc)
Hello! (I'm sorry, I posted this one in another forum first, thinking I was posting it in this one :oops: )
I have a very simple question:
Where can I find modules (e.g., ah_pci for my Atheros mini PCI wireless card), and where and how do I install them?
For example, when I do:
modprobe ath_pci, I get a message saying something like:
can't find ath_pci module;
although I've seen a directory with this name on my system (IIRC, under /sys/drivers???).
Other example:
I have a 855GM Intelchipset. How do I find the module for it and how do I install it?
Thanks a lot.Thanks for the reply, and for deleting the other thread.
I looked for /lin/modules, and I don't have a /lin directory... Is it normal?
Or maybe you meant /bin/modules...? Anyway, I looked for this too and there is no /modules directory under /bin.
I found some modules under /sys/module. There is one named ide_cd that I put in the MODULES array of rc.conf (just for a test, I don't know why it is for...), but I get a message at bootup:
[/code]FATAL: module ide_cd not found[code]
Is this normal too? Or it has to be compiled with the kernel to work. And BTW, if I compile the kernel (I don't think I'm at this point in Linux yet!), do I loose my installation or if everything stays in place in my system?
Thanks a lot![/code] -
Question about the default style of af:inputText in ADF
Hi all,
Here's the situation I am facing:
in the jspx page, I have a <af:inputText inlineStyle="bk_bean.defaultStyle"... onchange="validate(this)"/>
in the javascript:
function validate(control){
// when the input is invalid:
control.style.backgroundcolor='pink';
// when the input is valid:
control.style.backgroundcolor='#FFFFFF';
because of the above assignment, the border of the <af:inputText> looks like 3D and lost its original look and feel. I need to keep the original border style. What I am thinking is that I will
assign the default border style after assigning the background. But I don't know what the default border styles for <af:inputText> in ADF. Could someone help me with this? I tried to find one in this URL:
http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/jdev/htdocs/partners/addins/exchange/jsf/doc/skin-selectors.html
but still couldn't see one that look like what I am looking for.
Your help is highly appreciated!
Shawn
P.S. I tried this:
function validate(control){
// when the input is invalid:
control.style.backgroundcolor='pink';
// when the input is valid:
control.style.backgroundcolor='#FFFFFF';
control.style.border-style='solid';
Not working at all, still had 3D look and feel.
Edited by: shawn_abc on Feb 4, 2010 5:48 PMHi Prasad,
Thanks for your reply. I actually tried a similar way using the <style>. The thing is that whenever I set the background, the 'inset' style is applied implicitly. But now we use this: control.style.backgroundColor='' whenever the input is valid, then after correcting the input, the style goes back to whatever the original style. Though the 'inset' style is still applied when backgroundcolor is set when input is incorrect, but we accept that as long as after correcting input, the style goes back to the original style.
Thanks for all inputs from everyone!
Shawn -
Ok. So I have a class that represents a symbol. A symbol can have many values associated with it e.g name, description, type etc
I have a BaseSymbol which contains a map, which I'm intending to use to store the values associated with a symbol ( as above ) rather than having explicit fields associated with the symbol.
So
BaseSymbol implements ISymbol ( top level interface )
I have a method on ISymbol named getField.
here lies my problem. I originally had getField accept a string as an argument which i then use to access the map to get the appropriate variable. I then have a set of static final strings that represent all possible values for fields within a symbol
e,g usage:
public static final String DESC = "Description"
ISymbol s = new BaseSymbol() - Inside my constructor I set the DESC field to be something like 'This is a symbol'
s.getField(DESC) - returns me ''This is a symbol'
Anyway. I hate the class typing ( using strings ) that go along with this model.
I need a BaseSymbol to have it's map keyed by a safely Typed class rather than a string ( So someone can't pass in an invalid field name )
I started using Enums, but fell short as I want to the extend field options for the future
e.g
Enum SymbolField { CODE, DESC }
Enum ExtraSymbolFields extends SymbolField { EXTRAFIELD1, EXTRAFIELD2 }
Now as you can't do this with Java enums I am interested to hear about any other possible approaches / thoughts?? I was maybe thinking about using a version of the old type safe enum pattern ( which can allow for class extention )?
Your advice is appreciated.interface Symbol {
String getSymbol();
interface ExtraSymbol extends Symbol {
String getDescription();
enum BasicSymbol implements Symbol {
DOLLAR("$");
private final String symbol;
private BasicSymbol(String symbol) {
this.symbol = symbol;
@Override
public String getSymbol() {
return symbol;
enum ExtendedSymbol implements ExtraSymbol {
DOLLAR("$", "US Dollar");
private final String symbol;
private final String description;
private ExtendedSymbol(String symbol, String description) {
this.symbol = symbol;
this.description = description;
@Override
public String getSymbol() {
return symbol;
@Override
public String getDescription() {
return description;
}Then you can do:
public <T extends Enum<T> & Symbol> void getSymbol(Class<T> symbolSet) {
for (Symbol symbol : symbolSet.getEnumConstants()) System.out.println(symbol.getSymbol());
public <T extends Enum<T> & ExtraSymbol> void getSymbolAndDesc(Class<T> symbolSet) {
for (ExtraSymbol symbol : symbolSet.getEnumConstants()) System.out.println(symbol.getSymbol() + " : " + symbol.getDescription());
}And:
getSymbol(BasicSymbol.class);
getSymbol(ExtendedSymbol.class);
getSymbolAndDesc(ExtendedSymbol.class);
Maybe you are looking for
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NO Lenovo Windows 8.1 Recovery DVD for CLEAN INSTALL! + unable to Install UEFI MODE
Hi, I Just bought 25 Thinkpad T431s Laptops for my company (@ISRAEL) All of them came with windows 7SP1 Installed And Recovery is Windows 8 (not 8.1 even though 8.1 is out for a yr!) The Install process takes 3 Hours!!! Just for upgrading to windows
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How do I refresh a chart in Pages copied from Numbers?
How do I refresh a chart in Pages (v.5) copied from Numbers (v.3)? After updating and saving the chart in Numbers, I get no "refresh" button in Pages when I click on the chart. Or has this very useful feature been eliminated?
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Intsalling latest version of adobe flash player
cannot install latest version of adobe flash player, some things on computer calls for latest version to be installed
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RetainDeletedItemsFor - Command completed but no settings of username have been modified.
Group, I'm trying to increase the retention days for deleted items on a single mailbox. I run the command from the Technet site and it returns, "WARNING: The command completed successfully but no settings of '<user name>' have been modified." I ver
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How do I speed up the email refresh time on my MAC?