Why use an interface?

Hey everybody,
I posted a message in another thread about why to use an abstract class. I have another question and again I am not asking how but why and when. But this time about interfaces. Why would I need to write one? Any example that is not too technical would be great!
I have read a lot about interfaces but mostly it explains how to write one and not when and why to use them.
Thanks in advance for your help!

807479 wrote:
So my question is basically how does implementing an interface help if there is no code in any of the methods?Because it says to anyone who wants to know "this class fulfills the contract for <tt>x</tt>", where <tt>x</tt> is the behaviour (methods) associated with the interface.
Furthermore, in the same way that the language allows you to use a superclass as a type, it also allows you to use interfaces as types.
I presume you're aware that an object can be passed to any method that takes its superclass; well, it can also be passed to any method that takes an interface that it implements.
<tt>String</tt>, for example, implements <tt>Comparable</tt> (a good real-world interface to get familiar with, BTW), so a <tt>String</tt> object can be passed to either of the following methods:public String append(String s)...
public int compareWith(Comparable c)...Now, how does that help you? Suppose you write a program that uses a <tt>List</tt>. A common beginner's mistake is to type everything to the nth degree, viz:ArrayList<String> myList = new ArrayList<String>();and then write methods in the same way:public void addSomeStrings(ArrayList<String> list,
   String... items) {.....but, while it will work, it's quite brittle.
Suppose you decide later on that an <tt>ArrayList</tt> isn't the best way to store your Strings ... what do you do? You have to refactor every bit of code that took an <tt>ArrayList</tt> to now take a new type of List (eg, a <tt>LinkedList</tt>).
Suppose instead that you wrote your program as follows:List<String> myList = new ArrayList<String>();and then your methods (hopefully ALL of them) as:public void addSomeStrings(List<String> list,
   String... items) {..... Now to change the program to use a <tt>LinkedList</tt>, the ONLY thing you have to change is:List<String> myList = new LinkedList<String>();and your program will work just fine.
This is what a lot of the posts that talk about "programming to interfaces" are on about. It's a very good technique to get familiar with.
HIH
Winston

Similar Messages

  • Why should I use an interface?

    I'm OK with how to use an interface but it's the why that I don't fully understand.
    For instance, in the following example:
    http://www.java2s.com/Code/Java/Language-Basics/InterfaceUsageExample.htm
    the interface method is called using tryout([actor's name]).
    Couldn't you just cut out the interface completely and use [actor's name].act()?
    An interface in this example just seems to add more lines of code but there must be an advantage I'm missing.
    Thanks in advance to anyone who can enlighten me.

    Here's the code you're referring to:
    interface Act {
      void act();
    class Actor1 implements Act {
      public void act() {
        System.out.println("To be, or not to be");
    class Actor2 implements Act {
      public void act() {
        System.out.println("Wherefore art thou Romeo?");
    public class TryOut {
      public static void main(String args[]) {
        Actor1 hamlet = new Actor1();
        Actor2 juliet = new Actor2();
        tryout(hamlet);
        tryout(juliet);
      private static void tryout(Act actor) {
        actor.act();
    }The example might be a bit misleading: Actor1 and Actor2 are declared as classes, but their behaviour is that of two particular characters (Hamlet and Juliette). So your question is a reasonable one.
    Sometimes this sort of example is given in terms of animals. Substitute speak for act and you get:
    interface Speaker {
      void speak();
    class Dog implements Speaker {
      public void speak() {
        System.out.println("woof");
      // other stuff like name, license number etc
    class Cat implements Speaker {
      public void act() {
        System.out.println("meeow!");
    public class TryOut {
      public static void main(String args[]) {
        List<Speaker> speakerList = new ArrayList<Speaker>();
        speakerList.add(new Cat());
        speakerList.add(new Dog());
        speakerList.add(new Cat());
        for(Speaker sp :speakerList) {
          tryout(sp); // or just sp.speak();
      private static void tryout(Speaker sp) {
        sp.act();
    }Now the instances of Cat and Dog share the behaviour as seen from the "outside" ie they both speak. But they are different types of things in as much as they implement that behaviour differently. Having a type, "Speaker", allows us to invoke this common behaviour without knowing or caring about the actual type of the particular instances.
    The example of having a collection of them is one time we might want to take advantage of this. When you have a List it has to be a list of something. In this case it is a list of Speaker instances.
    Edited by: pbrockway2 on Dec 17, 2008 6:43 PM
    d@mn cut-n-paste

  • Practical Use of Interface

    Can anybody please let me know the practical use of Interfaces in abap objects.
    Currently i am undergoing traning in abap objects and really confused with the concept why SAP has provided with interfaces.

    Hi again,
    <b>for interfaces
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm</b>
    For Materials:
    1) http://help.sap.com/printdocu/core/Print46c/en/data/pdf/BCABA/BCABA.pdf -- Page no: 1291
    2) http://esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
    3) http://esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
    4) http://esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
    5) http://esnips.com/doc/92be4457-1b6e-4061-92e5-8e4b3a6e3239/Object-Oriented-ABAP.ppt
    6) http://esnips.com/doc/448e8302-68b1-4046-9fef-8fa8808caee0/abap-objects-by-helen.pdf
    7) http://esnips.com/doc/39fdc647-1aed-4b40-a476-4d3042b6ec28/class_builder.ppt
    8) http://www.amazon.com/gp/explorer/0201750805/2/ref=pd_lpo_ase/102-9378020-8749710?ie=UTF8
    OO ABAP links:
    1) http://www.erpgenie.com/sap/abap/OO/index.htm
    2) http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
    +++++
    http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
    http://www.geocities.com/victorav15/sapr3/abap_ood.html
    http://www.brabandt.de/html/abap_oo.html
    Check this cool weblog:
    /people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
    /people/thomas.jung3/blog/2004/12/08/abap-persistent-classes-coding-without-sql
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b6254f411d194a60000e8353423/frameset.htm
    http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
    http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/c3/225b5654f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
    http://www.esnips.com/doc/375fff1b-5a62-444d-8ec1-55508c308b17/prefinalppt.ppt
    http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
    http://www.esnips.com/doc/5c65b0dd-eddf-4512-8e32-ecd26735f0f2/prefinalppt.ppt
    http://www.allsaplinks.com/
    http://www.sap-img.com/
    http://www.sapgenie.com/
    http://help.sap.com
    http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
    http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
    http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/controls/index.htm
    http://www.esnips.com/doc/2c76dc57-e74a-4539-a20e-29383317e804/OO-abap.pdf
    http://www.esnips.com/doc/0ef39d4b-586a-4637-abbb-e4f69d2d9307/SAP-CONTROLS-WORKSHOP.pdf
    http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/index.htm
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/frameset.htm
    http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/OO/
    these links
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/ce/b518b6513611d194a50000e8353423/content.htm
    For funtion module to class
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5954f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
    for classes
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c3/225b5c54f411d194a60000e8353423/content.htm
    for methods
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/08/d27c03b81011d194f60000e8353423/content.htm
    for inheritance
    http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/dd/4049c40f4611d3b9380000e8353423/content.htm
    Thanks, ABY

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    before your query do:
    <cfsavecontent
    variable="emailmessagebody"><cfinclude
    template="#mancbPath#/mancb_body.cfm"></cfsavecontent>
    then in your query instead of using '<cfinclude ...>'
    use
    '#emailmessagebody#'
    Azadi Saryev
    Sabai-dee.com
    http://www.sabai-dee.com/

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    >
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    >
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    Thanks for the feedback. If you wouldn't mind expanding a bit on one comment you made then I will mark this ANSWERED and put it to rest.
    >
    I don't mind interfaces containing classes per se when necessary
    >
    I have never seen this except at this one site. Would you relate any info about where you have seen or used this or when it might be necessary?

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    Edited by: Wolfgang073 on Jan 17, 2010 9:11 AM

    Wolfgang073 wrote:
    Hallo! I'm working on a Sun Blade 150 (Solaris 8 4/01). I did a "ifconfig -a" and only see the "lo0" loppback interface and the "eri0" interface.
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