ASA5505 won't allow Windows Server 2012 r2 to access internet

Question

I have an ASA5505 I am trying to integrate into our network, however the ASA5505 won't allow our server to access the internet via our HP Procurve layer3 switch. Currently, only the server is connected via the switch as well as the two trunk lines to the ASA5505, for testing purposes. What I am hoping to accomplish is: Internet -> ASA5505 -> Layer3 Switch -> VLANS. The configuration is listed below:
CISCO ASA5505 / with Security Plus Lic:
interface Ethernet0/0
 switchport access vlan 2
interface Ethernet0/1
 switchport access vlan 1
interface Ethernet0/2
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 10,20,30
 switchport mode trunk
interface Ethernet0/3
 switchport trunk allowed vlan 40,60,250
 switchport mode trunk
interface Ethernet0/4
interface Ethernet0/5
interface Ethernet0/6
interface Ethernet0/7
interface Vlan1
 nameif inside
 security-level 100
 ip address 192.168.80.1 255.255.255.0
interface Vlan2
 nameif outside
 security-level 0
 ip address 10.2.100.2 255.255.255.0
interface Vlan10
 no nameif
 security-level 100
 no ip address
interface Vlan20
 no nameif
 security-level 100
 no ip address
interface Vlan30
 no nameif
 security-level 100
 no ip address
interface Vlan40
 no nameif
 security-level 100
 no ip address
interface Vlan60
 no nameif
 security-level 100
 no ip address
interface Vlan250
 no nameif
 security-level 100
 no ip address
object network obj_any
 subnet 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip any any
object network obj_any
 nat (inside,outside) dynamic interface
access-group inside_access_in in interface inside
route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.2.100.1 1
route inside 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.80.1 1
HP Procurve E2620 Layer3 switch:
Status and Counters - VLAN Information
  Primary VLAN : DEFAULT_VLAN
  VLAN ID Name                             | Status     Voice Jumbo
  ------- -------------------------------- + ---------- ----- -----
  1       DEFAULT_VLAN                     | Port-based No    No
  10      SERVER                           | Port-based No    No
IP Route Entries
  Destination        Gateway         VLAN Type      Sub-Type   Metric     Dist.
  0.0.0.0/0          192.168.80.1    1    static               1          1
  127.0.0.0/8        reject               static               0          0
  127.0.0.1/32       lo0                  connected            1          0
  192.168.10.0/24    SERVER          10   connected            1          0
  192.168.20.0/24    CLIENT          20   connected            1          0
  192.168.30.0/24    WIFI            30   connected            1          0
  192.168.40.0/24    GUEST           40   connected            1          0
  192.168.60.0/24    STORAGE         60   connected            1          0
  192.168.80.0/24    DEFAULT_VLAN    1    connected            1          0
  192.168.250.0/24   Manage          250  connected            1          0
Load Balancing Method: L3-based (Default), L2-based if non-IP traffic
  Port | Name                             Type      | Group Type
  ---- + -------------------------------- --------- + ----- --------
  23   |                                  10/100TX  | Trk2  Trunk
  24   |                                  10/100TX  | Trk1  Trunk
Status and Counters - VLAN Information
  Primary VLAN : DEFAULT_VLAN
  Management VLAN :
  Port Information Mode     Unknown VLAN Status
  1       DEFAULT_VLAN                     | Port-based No    No
  10      SERVER                           | Port-based No    No
  20      CLIENT                           | Port-based No    No
  30      WIFI                             | Port-based No    No
  40      GUEST                            | Port-based No    No
  60      STORAGE                          | Port-based No    No
  250     Manage                           | Port-based No    No
              Switch Configuration - VLAN - VLAN Port Assignment
  Port   DEFAULT_VLAN     SERVER        CLIENT         WIFI         GUEST        STORAGE        Manage
  ---- + <-----------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  ------------  
  6    | No            Untagged         No            No            No            No            No
  Trk1 | Untagged      Tagged        Tagged        Tagged        No            No            No
  Trk2 | Untagged      No            No            No            Tagged        Tagged        Tagged

Answer 1

first off, what license do you have installed on the ASA (show version will tell you that)?
Second, if I remember correctly trunk in HP terms does not mean the same as trunk in Cisco terms.  In HP a trunk refers to the bundling of an interface in what Cisco calls Etherchannels or Portchannels (which the 5505 does not support)
Also you need to configure names for all the VLAN interfaces and either dynamic NAT for each interface or configure a dynamic NAT that matches all the interfaces (with the any keyword)
object network obj_any
 nat (any,outside) dynamic interface
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