Bridged Call verses Point-to-Point Call

Hello all,
I am currently in the middle of rolling out a Tandberg/Codian video conferencing solution, using Codian MCU, Codian IP Gateway, Codian ISDN Gateway and Tandberg endpoints. And I am experiencing video quality issues when on bridged calls (calls connecting through the MCU), I can see the video quality is not as crisp and there is a delay in motion compare to point to point calls (direct calls without MCU), video quality is much crisper and there is no delay in motion on point to point calls.
- Has anyone run into this type of issue with the similar setup ?
- Can someone help explain why this type of issue happens ?
- Any ideas on how to go about fixing this type of issue ?
I appreciate any inputs / suggestions !!!
Danny

Are you talking about using overlapping networks? if so you can try using nat.

Similar Messages

Audio Blank during PSTN Bridge call

Hi All,
Our users are joining a PSTN Bridge call which requires them to be logged in continuosly for 5-6 hours. At times the call goes blank and users have to relogin the bridge again. Given below is the call flow where the User from Cluster 1 dials the number which in turn goes to Cluster 2 where the PSTN Bridge is present
Cluster 1
IP Phone --> PSTN Bridge Number -->CUCM--> MGCP Gateway --> Service Provider
Cluster 2
Service Provider --> MGCP Gateway --> CUCM --> Avaya Aura Conferencing Bridge
I have checked the following,
1) The MGCP PRI in cluster 1 and 2 have not fluctuated
2) The phone has not lost connectivity with CUCM
Any thoughts on what else needs to be checked to isolate this issue.

Are you working with Office365 and an ACP (Audio Conferencing Provider)? If so, you could call in with a PSTN phone using the phone number the ACP provided. If you use a Lync approved phone, you could potentially connect as well, but not
by dialing the number of the meeting, or any other number as this would be considered enterprise voice. You would typically connect by using your Lync client and the better together experience to join the meeting. In this scenario, a USB device
might be better and cheaper than an IP phone.
Please remember, if you see a post that helped you please click "Vote As Helpful" and if it answered your question please click "Mark As Answer".
SWC Unified Communications
This forum post is based upon my personal experience and does not necessarily reflect the opinion or view of Microsoft, its employees, or other MVPs.

Using TMS to specify what window a particular participant lives in during a 7+1 bridge call

We have a weekly meeting that occurs where we would like to have the main board room as the main window in our bridge call. Can we configure that setting inside of TMS? I know we can do it in the bridge but we would like to do this from TMS.
Thanks
RB

I am not aware that you can do that on the TMS. As you said, it should be possible to
do on a Codian Style MCU with preconfigured participants. This is what I would try.
Maybe someone has an other idea.
Besides that you can always think of filing a feature request.

[script] create_ap: Create a NATed or Bridged WiFi Access Point

This script use hostapd + dnsmasq + iptables to create a NATed Access Point OR hostapd + brctl + dhclient to create a bridged Access Point.
The default behavior is a NATed Access Point.
updated script will be here: https://github.com/oblique/create_ap and http://git.2f30.org/create_ap/
Examples
No passphrase (open network):
./create_ap wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint
OR
echo -e "MyAccessPoint" | ./create_ap wlan0 eth0
WPA + WPA2 passphrase:
./create_ap wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase
OR
echo -e "MyAccessPoint\nMyPassPhrase" | ./create_ap wlan0 eth0
AP without Internet sharing:
./create_ap -n wlan0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase
Bridged Internet sharing:
./create_ap -m bridge wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase
Internet sharing from the same WiFi interface:
./create_ap wlan0 wlan0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase
Usage
Usage: create_ap [options] <wifi-interface> [<interface-with-internet>] [<access-point-name> [<passphrase>]]
Options:
-h, --help Show this help
-c <channel> Channel number (default: 1)
-w <WPA version> Use 1 for WPA, use 2 for WPA2, use 1+2 for both (default: 1+2)
-n Disable Internet sharing (if you use this, don't pass
the <interface-with-internet> argument)
-m <method> Method for Internet sharing.
Use: 'nat' for NAT (default)
'bridge' for bridging
'none' for no Internet sharing (equivalent to -n)
--hidden Make the Access Point hidden (do not broadcast the SSID)
--ieee80211n Enable IEEE 802.11n (HT)
--ht_capab <HT> HT capabilities (default: [HT40+])
--driver Choose your WiFi adapter driver (default: nl80211)
--no-virt Do not create virtual interface
Non-Bridging Options:
-g <gateway> IPv4 Gateway for the Access Point (default: 192.168.12.1)
-d DNS server will take into account /etc/hosts
Useful informations:
* If you're not using the --no-virt option, then you can create an AP with the same
interface you are getting your Internet connection.
* You can pass your SSID and password through pipe or through arguments (see examples).
Examples:
create_ap wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase
echo -e 'MyAccessPoint\nMyPassPhrase' | create_ap wlan0 eth0
create_ap wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint
echo 'MyAccessPoint' | create_ap wlan0 eth0
create_ap wlan0 wlan0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase
create_ap -n wlan0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase
create_ap -m bridge wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase
create_ap --driver rtl871xdrv wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase
Code
#!/bin/bash
# general dependencies:
# bash (to run this script)
# util-linux (for getopt)
# hostapd
# iproute2
# iw
# iwconfig (you only need this if 'iw' can not recognize your adapter)
# haveged (optional)
# dependencies for 'nat' or 'none' Internet sharing method
# dnsmasq
# iptables
# dependencies for 'bridge' Internet sharing method
# bridge-utils
usage() {
echo "Usage: $(basename $0) [options] <wifi-interface> [<interface-with-internet>] [<access-point-name> [<passphrase>]]"
echo
echo "Options:"
echo " -h, --help Show this help"
echo " -c <channel> Channel number (default: 1)"
echo " -w <WPA version> Use 1 for WPA, use 2 for WPA2, use 1+2 for both (default: 1+2)"
echo " -n Disable Internet sharing (if you use this, don't pass"
echo " the <interface-with-internet> argument)"
echo " -m <method> Method for Internet sharing."
echo " Use: 'nat' for NAT (default)"
echo " 'bridge' for bridging"
echo " 'none' for no Internet sharing (equivalent to -n)"
echo " --hidden Make the Access Point hidden (do not broadcast the SSID)"
echo " --ieee80211n Enable IEEE 802.11n (HT)"
echo " --ht_capab <HT> HT capabilities (default: [HT40+])"
echo " --driver Choose your WiFi adapter driver (default: nl80211)"
echo " --no-virt Do not create virtual interface"
echo
echo "Non-Bridging Options:"
echo " -g <gateway> IPv4 Gateway for the Access Point (default: 192.168.12.1)"
echo " -d DNS server will take into account /etc/hosts"
echo
echo "Useful informations:"
echo " * If you're not using the --no-virt option, then you can create an AP with the same"
echo " interface you are getting your Internet connection."
echo " * You can pass your SSID and password through pipe or through arguments (see examples)."
echo
echo "Examples:"
echo " $(basename $0) wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase"
echo " echo -e 'MyAccessPoint\nMyPassPhrase' | $(basename $0) wlan0 eth0"
echo " $(basename $0) wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint"
echo " echo 'MyAccessPoint' | $(basename $0) wlan0 eth0"
echo " $(basename $0) wlan0 wlan0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase"
echo " $(basename $0) -n wlan0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase"
echo " $(basename $0) -m bridge wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase"
echo " $(basename $0) --driver rtl871xdrv wlan0 eth0 MyAccessPoint MyPassPhrase"
# it takes 2 arguments
# returns:
# 0 if v1 (1st argument) and v2 (2nd argument) are the same
# 1 if v1 is less than v2
# 2 if v1 is greater than v2
version_cmp() {
[[ ! $1 =~ ^[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)*$ ]] && die "Wrong version format!"
[[ ! $2 =~ ^[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)*$ ]] && die "Wrong version format!"
V1=( $(echo $1 | tr '.' ' ') )
V2=( $(echo $2 | tr '.' ' ') )
VN=${#V1[@]}
[[ $VN -lt ${#V2[@]} ]] && VN=${#V2[@]}
for ((x = 0; x < $VN; x++)); do
[[ ${V1[x]} -lt ${V2[x]} ]] && return 1
[[ ${V1[x]} -gt ${V2[x]} ]] && return 2
done
return 0
USE_IWCONFIG=0
is_wifi_interface() {
which iw > /dev/null 2>&1 && iw dev $1 info > /dev/null 2>&1 && return 0
if which iwconfig > /dev/null 2>&1 && iwconfig $1 > /dev/null 2>&1; then
USE_IWCONFIG=1
return 0
fi
return 1
get_phy_device() {
for x in /sys/class/ieee80211/*; do
[[ ! -d "$x" ]] && continue
if [[ "${x##*/}" = "$1" ]]; then
echo $1
return 0
elif [[ -e "$x/device/net/$1" ]]; then
echo ${x##*/}
return 0
elif [[ -e "$x/device/net:$1" ]]; then
echo ${x##*/}
return 0
fi
done
echo "Failed to get phy interface" >&2
return 1
get_adapter_info() {
PHY=$(get_phy_device "$1")
[[ $? -ne 0 ]] && return 1
iw phy $PHY info
can_have_sta_and_ap() {
# iwconfig does not provide this information, assume false
[[ $USE_IWCONFIG -eq 1 ]] && return 1
get_adapter_info "$1" | grep -E '{.* managed.* AP.*}' > /dev/null 2>&1 && return 0
get_adapter_info "$1" | grep -E '{.* AP.* managed.*}' > /dev/null 2>&1 && return 0
return 1
can_have_ap() {
# iwconfig does not provide this information, assume true
[[ $USE_IWCONFIG -eq 1 ]] && return 0
get_adapter_info "$1" | grep -E '\* AP$' > /dev/null 2>&1 && return 0
return 1
can_transmit_to_channel() {
IFACE=$1
CHANNEL=$2
if [[ $USE_IWCONFIG -eq 0 ]]; then
CHANNEL_INFO=$(get_adapter_info ${IFACE} | grep "MHz \[${CHANNEL}\]")
[[ -z "${CHANNEL_INFO}" ]] && return 1
[[ "${CHANNEL_INFO}" == *no\ IR* ]] && return 1
[[ "${CHANNEL_INFO}" == *disabled* ]] && return 1
return 0
else
CHANNEL=$(printf '%02d' ${CHANNEL})
CHANNEL_INFO=$(iwlist ${IFACE} channel | grep "Channel ${CHANNEL} :")
[[ -z "${CHANNEL_INFO}" ]] && return 1
return 0
fi
is_wifi_connected() {
if [[ $USE_IWCONFIG -eq 0 ]]; then
iw dev "$1" link 2>&1 | grep -E '^Connected to' > /dev/null 2>&1 && return 0
else
iwconfig "$1" 2>&1 | grep -E 'Access Point: [0-9a-fA-F]{2}:' > /dev/null 2>&1 && return 0
fi
return 1
get_macaddr() {
ip link show "$1" | grep ether | grep -Eo '([0-9a-f]{2}:){5}[0-9a-f]{2}[[:space:]]' | tr -d '[[:space:]]'
get_avail_bridge() {
for i in {0..100}; do
curr_bridge=$(brctl show | grep "br$i" | cut -s -f1)
if [[ -z $curr_bridge ]]; then
echo "br$i"
return
fi
done
get_new_macaddr() {
OLDMAC=$(get_macaddr "$1")
for i in {20..255}; do
NEWMAC="${OLDMAC%:*}:$(printf %02x $i)"
(ip link | grep "ether ${NEWMAC}" > /dev/null 2>&1) || break
done
echo $NEWMAC
ADDED_UNMANAGED=0
NETWORKMANAGER_CONF=/etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf
NM_OLDER_VERSION=1
networkmanager_exists() {
which nmcli > /dev/null 2>&1 || return 1
NM_VER=$(nmcli -v | grep -m1 -oE '[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)*\.[0-9]+')
version_cmp $NM_VER 0.9.10
if [[ $? -eq 1 ]]; then
NM_OLDER_VERSION=1
else
NM_OLDER_VERSION=0
fi
return 0
networkmanager_is_running() {
networkmanager_exists || return 1
if [[ $NM_OLDER_VERSION -eq 1 ]]; then
NMCLI_OUT=$(nmcli -t -f RUNNING nm)
else
NMCLI_OUT=$(nmcli -t -f RUNNING g)
fi
[[ "$NMCLI_OUT" == "running" ]]
networkmanager_iface_is_unmanaged() {
nmcli -t -f DEVICE,STATE d | grep -E "^$1:unmanaged$" > /dev/null 2>&1
ADDED_UNMANAGED=
networkmanager_add_unmanaged() {
networkmanager_exists || return 1
[[ -d ${NETWORKMANAGER_CONF%/*} ]] || mkdir -p ${NETWORKMANAGER_CONF%/*}
[[ -f ${NETWORKMANAGER_CONF} ]] || touch ${NETWORKMANAGER_CONF}
if [[ $NM_OLDER_VERSION -eq 1 ]]; then
if [[ -z "$2" ]]; then
MAC=$(get_macaddr "$1")
else
MAC="$2"
fi
[[ -z "$MAC" ]] && return 1
fi
UNMANAGED=$(grep -m1 -Eo '^unmanaged-devices=[[:alnum:]:;,-]*' /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf | sed 's/unmanaged-devices=//' | tr ';,' ' ')
WAS_EMPTY=0
[[ -z "$UNMANAGED" ]] && WAS_EMPTY=1
for x in $UNMANAGED; do
[[ $x == "mac:${MAC}" ]] && return 2
[[ $NM_OLDER_VERSION -eq 0 && $x == "interface-name:${1}" ]] && return 2
done
if [[ $NM_OLDER_VERSION -eq 1 ]]; then
UNMANAGED="${UNMANAGED} mac:${MAC}"
else
UNMANAGED="${UNMANAGED} interface-name:${1}"
fi
UNMANAGED=$(echo $UNMANAGED | sed -e 's/^ //')
UNMANAGED="${UNMANAGED// /;}"
UNMANAGED="unmanaged-devices=${UNMANAGED}"
if ! grep -E '^\[keyfile\]' ${NETWORKMANAGER_CONF} > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo -e "\n\n[keyfile]\n${UNMANAGED}" >> ${NETWORKMANAGER_CONF}
elif [[ $WAS_EMPTY -eq 1 ]]; then
sed -e "s/^$\[keyfile\].*$$/\1\n${UNMANAGED}/" -i ${NETWORKMANAGER_CONF}
else
sed -e "s/^unmanaged-devices=.*/${UNMANAGED}/" -i ${NETWORKMANAGER_CONF}
fi
ADDED_UNMANAGED="${ADDED_UNMANAGED} ${1} "
return 0
networkmanager_rm_unmanaged() {
networkmanager_exists || return 1
[[ ! -f ${NETWORKMANAGER_CONF} ]] && return 1
if [[ $NM_OLDER_VERSION -eq 1 ]]; then
if [[ -z "$2" ]]; then
MAC=$(get_macaddr "$1")
else
MAC="$2"
fi
[[ -z "$MAC" ]] && return 1
fi
UNMANAGED=$(grep -m1 -Eo '^unmanaged-devices=[[:alnum:]:;,-]*' /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf | sed 's/unmanaged-devices=//' | tr ';,' ' ')
[[ -z "$UNMANAGED" ]] && return 1
[[ -n "$MAC" ]] && UNMANAGED=$(echo $UNMANAGED | sed -e "s/mac:${MAC}$ \|$$//g")
UNMANAGED=$(echo $UNMANAGED | sed -e "s/interface-name:${1}$ \|$$//g")
UNMANAGED=$(echo $UNMANAGED | sed -e 's/ $//')
if [[ -z "$UNMANAGED" ]]; then
sed -e "/^unmanaged-devices=.*/d" -i ${NETWORKMANAGER_CONF}
else
UNMANAGED="${UNMANAGED// /;}"
UNMANAGED="unmanaged-devices=${UNMANAGED}"
sed -e "s/^unmanaged-devices=.*/${UNMANAGED}/" -i ${NETWORKMANAGER_CONF}
fi
ADDED_UNMANAGED="${ADDED_UNMANAGED/ ${1} /}"
return 0
networkmanager_rm_unmanaged_if_needed() {
[[ $ADDED_UNMANAGED =~ .*\ ${1}\ .* ]] && networkmanager_rm_unmanaged ${1}
networkmanager_wait_until_unmanaged() {
networkmanager_is_running || return 1
while ! networkmanager_iface_is_unmanaged "$1"; do
sleep 1
done
sleep 2
return 0
CHANNEL=1
GATEWAY=192.168.12.1
WPA_VERSION=1+2
ETC_HOSTS=0
HIDDEN=0
SHARE_METHOD=nat
IEEE80211N=0
HT_CAPAB='[HT40+]'
DRIVER=nl80211
NO_VIRT=0
CONFDIR=
WIFI_IFACE=
VWIFI_IFACE=
INTERNET_IFACE=
BRIDGE_IFACE=
OLD_IP_FORWARD=
OLD_BRIDGE_IPTABLES=
OLD_MACADDR=
cleanup() {
trap "" SIGINT
echo
echo "Doing cleanup..."
# exiting
for x in $CONFDIR/*.pid; do
# even if the $CONFDIR is empty, the for loop will assign
# a value in $x. so we need to check if the value is a file
[[ -f $x ]] && kill -9 $(cat $x)
done
rm -rf $CONFDIR
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" != "none" ]]; then
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" == "nat" ]]; then
iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -o ${INTERNET_IFACE} -j MASQUERADE > /dev/null 2>&1
iptables -D FORWARD -i ${WIFI_IFACE} -s ${GATEWAY%.*}.0/24 -j ACCEPT > /dev/null 2>&1
iptables -D FORWARD -i ${INTERNET_IFACE} -d ${GATEWAY%.*}.0/24 -j ACCEPT > /dev/null 2>&1
[[ -n $OLD_IP_FORWARD ]] && echo $OLD_IP_FORWARD > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
elif [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" == "bridge" ]]; then
ip link set down $BRIDGE_IFACE
brctl delbr $BRIDGE_IFACE
[[ -n $OLD_BRIDGE_IPTABLES ]] && echo $OLD_BRIDGE_IPTABLES > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables
fi
fi
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" != "bridge" ]]; then
iptables -D INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT > /dev/null 2>&1
iptables -D INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT > /dev/null 2>&1
iptables -D INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT > /dev/null 2>&1
fi
if [[ $NO_VIRT -eq 0 ]]; then
if [[ -n $VWIFI_IFACE ]]; then
ip link set down dev ${VWIFI_IFACE}
ip addr flush ${VWIFI_IFACE}
networkmanager_rm_unmanaged_if_needed ${VWIFI_IFACE} ${OLD_MACADDR}
iw dev ${VWIFI_IFACE} del
fi
else
ip link set down dev ${WIFI_IFACE}
ip addr flush ${WIFI_IFACE}
networkmanager_rm_unmanaged_if_needed ${WIFI_IFACE}
fi
die() {
[[ -n "$1" ]] && echo -e "\nERROR: $1\n" >&2
cleanup
exit 1
clean_exit() {
cleanup
exit 0
# if the user press ctrl+c then execute die()
trap "die" SIGINT
ARGS=$(getopt -o hc:w:g:dnm: -l "help","hidden","ieee80211n","ht_capab:","driver:","no-virt" -n $(basename $0) -- "$@")
[[ $? -ne 0 ]] && exit 1
eval set -- "$ARGS"
while :; do
case "$1" in
-h|--help)
usage >&2
exit 1
--hidden)
shift
HIDDEN=1
-c)
shift
CHANNEL="$1"
shift
-w)
shift
WPA_VERSION="$1"
shift
-g)
shift
GATEWAY="$1"
shift
-d)
shift
ETC_HOSTS=1
-n)
shift
SHARE_METHOD=none
-m)
shift
SHARE_METHOD="$1"
shift
--ieee80211n)
shift
IEEE80211N=1
--ht_capab)
shift
HT_CAPAB="$1"
shift
--driver)
shift
DRIVER="$1"
shift
--no-virt)
shift
NO_VIRT=1
shift
break
esac
done
if [[ $# -lt 1 ]]; then
usage >&2
exit 1
fi
if [[ $(id -u) -ne 0 ]]; then
echo "You must run it as root." >&2
exit 1
fi
WIFI_IFACE=$1
if ! is_wifi_interface ${WIFI_IFACE}; then
echo "ERROR: '${WIFI_IFACE}' is not a WiFi interface" >&2
exit 1
fi
if ! can_have_ap ${WIFI_IFACE}; then
echo "ERROR: Your adapter does not support AP (master) mode" >&2
exit 1
fi
if ! can_have_sta_and_ap ${WIFI_IFACE}; then
if is_wifi_connected ${WIFI_IFACE}; then
echo "ERROR: Your adapter can not be connected to an AP and at the same time transmit as an AP" >&2
exit 1
elif [[ $NO_VIRT -eq 0 ]]; then
echo "WARN: Your adapter does not fully support AP virtual interface, enabling --no-virt" >&2
NO_VIRT=1
fi
fi
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" != "nat" && "$SHARE_METHOD" != "bridge" && "$SHARE_METHOD" != "none" ]]; then
echo "ERROR: Wrong Internet sharing method" >&2
echo
usage >&2
exit 1
fi
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" == "bridge" ]]; then
OLD_BRIDGE_IPTABLES=$(cat /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables)
BRIDGE_IFACE=$(get_avail_bridge)
if [[ -z $BRIDGE_IFACE ]]; then
echo "ERROR: No availabe bridges < br100" >&2
exit 1
fi
elif [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" == "nat" ]]; then
OLD_IP_FORWARD=$(cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward)
fi
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" != "none" ]]; then
MIN_REQUIRED_ARGS=2
else
MIN_REQUIRED_ARGS=1
fi
if [[ $# -gt $MIN_REQUIRED_ARGS ]]; then
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" != "none" ]]; then
if [[ $# -ne 3 && $# -ne 4 ]]; then
usage >&2
exit 1
fi
INTERNET_IFACE=$2
SSID=$3
PASSPHRASE=$4
else
if [[ $# -ne 2 && $# -ne 3 ]]; then
usage >&2
exit 1
fi
SSID=$2
PASSPHRASE=$3
fi
else
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" != "none" ]]; then
if [[ $# -ne 2 ]]; then
usage >&2
exit 1
fi
INTERNET_IFACE=$2
fi
if tty -s; then
read -p "SSID: " SSID
while :; do
read -p "Passphrase: " -s PASSPHRASE
echo
read -p "Retype passphrase: " -s PASSPHRASE2
echo
if [[ "$PASSPHRASE" != "$PASSPHRASE2" ]]; then
echo "Passphrases do not match."
else
break
fi
done
else
read SSID
read PASSPHRASE
fi
fi
if [[ $NO_VIRT -eq 1 && "$WIFI_IFACE" == "$INTERNET_IFACE" ]]; then
echo -n "ERROR: You can not share your connection from the same" >&2
echo " interface if you are using --no-virt option." >&2
exit 1
fi
CONFDIR=$(mktemp -d /tmp/create_ap.${WIFI_IFACE}.conf.XXXXXXXX)
echo "Config dir: $CONFDIR"
if [[ $NO_VIRT -eq 0 ]]; then
VWIFI_IFACE=${WIFI_IFACE}ap
# in NetworkManager 0.9.10 and above we can set the interface as unmanaged without
# the need of MAC address, so we set it before we create the virtual interface.
if networkmanager_is_running && [[ $NM_OLDER_VERSION -eq 0 ]]; then
echo -n "Network Manager found, set $1 as unmanaged device... "
networkmanager_add_unmanaged ${VWIFI_IFACE}
# do not call networkmanager_wait_until_unmanaged because interface does not
# exist yet
echo "DONE"
fi
WIFI_IFACE_CHANNEL=$(iw dev ${WIFI_IFACE} info | grep channel | awk '{print $2}')
if [[ -n $WIFI_IFACE_CHANNEL && $WIFI_IFACE_CHANNEL -ne $CHANNEL ]]; then
echo "hostapd will fail to use channel $CHANNEL because $WIFI_IFACE is already set to channel $WIFI_IFACE_CHANNEL, fallback to channel $WIFI_IFACE_CHANNEL."
CHANNEL=$WIFI_IFACE_CHANNEL
fi
VIRTDIEMSG="Maybe your WiFi adapter does not fully support virtual interfaces.
Try again with --no-virt."
echo -n "Creating a virtual WiFi interface... "
iw dev ${VWIFI_IFACE} del > /dev/null 2>&1
if iw dev ${WIFI_IFACE} interface add ${VWIFI_IFACE} type __ap; then
# now we can call networkmanager_wait_until_unmanaged
networkmanager_is_running && [[ $NM_OLDER_VERSION -eq 0 ]] && networkmanager_wait_until_unmanaged ${VWIFI_IFACE}
echo "${VWIFI_IFACE} created."
else
VWIFI_IFACE=
die "$VIRTDIEMSG"
fi
OLD_MACADDR=$(get_macaddr ${VWIFI_IFACE})
[[ ${OLD_MACADDR} == $(get_macaddr ${WIFI_IFACE}) ]] && NEW_MACADDR=$(get_new_macaddr ${VWIFI_IFACE})
WIFI_IFACE=${VWIFI_IFACE}
fi
can_transmit_to_channel ${WIFI_IFACE} ${CHANNEL} || die "Your adapter can not transmit to channel ${CHANNEL}."
if networkmanager_is_running && ! networkmanager_iface_is_unmanaged ${WIFI_IFACE}; then
echo -n "Network Manager found, set $1 as unmanaged device... "
networkmanager_add_unmanaged ${WIFI_IFACE}
networkmanager_wait_until_unmanaged ${WIFI_IFACE}
echo "DONE"
fi
[[ $HIDDEN -eq 1 ]] && echo "Access Point's SSID is hidden!"
# hostapd config
cat << EOF > $CONFDIR/hostapd.conf
ssid=${SSID}
interface=${WIFI_IFACE}
driver=${DRIVER}
hw_mode=g
channel=${CHANNEL}
ctrl_interface=$CONFDIR/hostapd_ctrl
ctrl_interface_group=0
ignore_broadcast_ssid=$HIDDEN
EOF
if [[ $IEEE80211N -eq 1 ]]; then
cat << EOF >> $CONFDIR/hostapd.conf
ieee80211n=1
wmm_enabled=1
ht_capab=${HT_CAPAB}
EOF
fi
if [[ -n "$PASSPHRASE" ]]; then
[[ "$WPA_VERSION" == "1+2" || "$WPA_VERSION" == "2+1" ]] && WPA_VERSION=3
cat << EOF >> $CONFDIR/hostapd.conf
wpa=${WPA_VERSION}
wpa_passphrase=$PASSPHRASE
wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
wpa_pairwise=TKIP CCMP
rsn_pairwise=CCMP
EOF
fi
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" == "bridge" ]]; then
echo "bridge=${BRIDGE_IFACE}" >> $CONFDIR/hostapd.conf
else
# dnsmasq config (dhcp + dns)
DNSMASQ_VER=$(dnsmasq -v | grep -m1 -oE '[0-9]+(\.[0-9]+)*\.[0-9]+')
version_cmp $DNSMASQ_VER 2.63
if [[ $? -eq 1 ]]; then
DNSMASQ_BIND=bind-interfaces
else
DNSMASQ_BIND=bind-dynamic
fi
cat << EOF > $CONFDIR/dnsmasq.conf
interface=${WIFI_IFACE}
${DNSMASQ_BIND}
dhcp-range=${GATEWAY%.*}.1,${GATEWAY%.*}.254,255.255.255.0,24h
dhcp-option=option:router,${GATEWAY}
EOF
[[ $ETC_HOSTS -eq 0 ]] && echo no-hosts >> $CONFDIR/dnsmasq.conf
fi
# initialize WiFi interface
if [[ $NO_VIRT -eq 0 && -n "$NEW_MACADDR" ]]; then
ip link set dev ${WIFI_IFACE} address ${NEW_MACADDR} || die "$VIRTDIEMSG"
fi
ip link set down dev ${WIFI_IFACE} || die "$VIRTDIEMSG"
ip addr flush ${WIFI_IFACE} || die "$VIRTDIEMSG"
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" != "bridge" ]]; then
ip link set up dev ${WIFI_IFACE} || die "$VIRTDIEMSG"
ip addr add ${GATEWAY}/24 broadcast ${GATEWAY%.*}.255 dev ${WIFI_IFACE} || die "$VIRTDIEMSG"
fi
# enable Internet sharing
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" != "none" ]]; then
echo "Sharing Internet using method: $SHARE_METHOD"
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" == "nat" ]]; then
iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -o ${INTERNET_IFACE} -j MASQUERADE || die
iptables -I FORWARD -i ${WIFI_IFACE} -s ${GATEWAY%.*}.0/24 -j ACCEPT || die
iptables -I FORWARD -i ${INTERNET_IFACE} -d ${GATEWAY%.*}.0/24 -j ACCEPT || die
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward || die
elif [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" == "bridge" ]]; then
# disable iptables rules for bridged interfaces
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables || die
# create and initialize bridged interface
brctl addbr ${BRIDGE_IFACE} || die
brctl addif ${BRIDGE_IFACE} ${INTERNET_IFACE} || die
ip link set dev ${BRIDGE_IFACE} up || die
fi
else
echo "No Internet sharing"
fi
# boost low-entropy
if [[ $(cat /proc/sys/kernel/random/entropy_avail) -lt 1000 ]]; then
which haveged > /dev/null 2>&1 && {
haveged -w 1024 -p $CONFDIR/haveged.pid
fi
# start dns + dhcp server
if [[ "$SHARE_METHOD" != "bridge" ]]; then
iptables -I INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT || die
iptables -I INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 53 -j ACCEPT || die
iptables -I INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 67 -j ACCEPT || die
dnsmasq -C $CONFDIR/dnsmasq.conf -x $CONFDIR/dnsmasq.pid || die
fi
# start access point
echo "hostapd command-line interface: hostapd_cli -p $CONFDIR/hostapd_ctrl"
# from now on we exit with 0 on SIGINT
trap "clean_exit" SIGINT
if ! hostapd $CONFDIR/hostapd.conf; then
echo -e "\nError: Failed to run hostapd, maybe a program is interfering." >&2
if networkmanager_is_running; then
echo "If an error like 'n80211: Could not configure driver mode' was thrown" >&2
echo "try running the following before starting create_ap:" >&2
if [[ $NM_OLDER_VERSION -eq 1 ]]; then
echo " nmcli nm wifi off" >&2
else
echo " nmcli r wifi off" >&2
fi
echo " rfkill unblock wlan" >&2
fi
die
fi
clean_exit
Last edited by OBLiQUE (2014-09-02 20:26:22)

adam777 wrote:
Thank, just what I was looking for.
Unfortunately, it seems that currently my Intel 5300 card (using the iwlwifi driver), does not support AP mode.
From what I understand, hostapd can be used in bridge mode as well, which should have no compatibility problems.
Can some one point me in the right direction?
* EDIT *
After more attempts, I think I got it wrong and AP mode is indeed required.
Sorry for the late reply, I didn't noticed your message.. Did you got any errors? I have Intel 6205 and it works.
Also if you use NetworkManager, then you have to say to NetworkManager to stop using your interface.
You can do it by editing the /etc/NetworkManager/NetworkManager.conf file and put the following (without the <>):
[keyfile]
unmanaged-devices=mac:<interface's mac address here>
and restart your NetworkManager. Ofcourse after you finish, you have to remove it in order to get your wifi back to working with NetworkManager.

Bridge to bridge and bridge to access-point via wireless is it possible.

here;s my topology i am trying to configure. i have a router whose ethernet is connected to a bridge.this bridge 1 is connected to a bridge 2 via wireless. now i am trying to connect a access-point via wireless to this bridge2. is it possible for bridge 2 to support connectivity to the bridge1 and the access-point both of them via wireless.
can someone pls help me on this.
waiting for someone to reply.
regards
sebastan

You can set up each radio in the access point for different functionality. Considering the scenario, this can be done by setting up the SSID for the G radio and another SSID for the A radio. Then, set the role in the radio network parameter for the G radio to access point and for the A radio to the root bridge role.
ou can prevent unauthorized users from reconfiguring your access point/bridge and viewing configuration information. Typically, you want network administrators to have access to the access point/bridge while you restrict access to users who connect through a terminal or workstation from within the local network.
To prevent unauthorized access to your access point/bridge, you should configure one of these security features:
Username and password pairs, which are locally stored on the access point/bridge. These pairs authenticate each user before that user can access the access point/bridge. You can also assign a specific privilege level (read only or read/write) to each username and password pair.
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps5861/products_configuration_guide_chapter09186a00804ed6d4.html

Bridge to bridge and bridge to access-point is it possible

here;s my topology i am trying to configure. i have a router whose ethernet is connected to a bridge.this bridge 1 is connected to a bridge 2 via wireless. now i am trying to connect a access-point via wireless to this bridge2. is it possible for bridge 2 to support connectivity to the bridge1 and the access-point both of them via wireless.
can someone pls help me on this.
waiting for someone to reply.
regards

Take a look at my suggested config below. The first accesspoint will broadcast a SSID for clients and use a different SSID for the bridge. This setup has no 802.1x mechanism yet, but you can add that later. For the topology see PtoPLinkExample.gif posted earlier.
----- Accesspoint 1 --------------
dot11 ssid bridge
authentication open
dot11 ssid WiFiNet
authentication open
guest-mode
interface Dot11Radio0
ssid bridge
ssid WiFiNet
----- Accesspoint 2 --------------
dot11 ssid bridge
authentication open
interface Dot11Radio0
parent 1
ssid bridge
station-role workgroup-bridge
----- Accesspoint 3 --------------
dot11 ssid WiFiNet
authentication open
guest-mode
interface Dot11Radio0
ssid WiFiNet

Bridge CS5 "Floating point support not loaded" Error R6002

Hi,
I have been getting this error ever since I got a virus and cleaned it off my computer. Obviously the virus attached itself to the bridge executable file and when it was "fixed" by the antivirus it has corrupted the bridge file.
I have searched and searched how to fix this error to no avail.
I have also uninstalled and reinstalled photoshop/bridge without any success too.
Please can someone tell me how to fix this!

Have you tried resting the preferences? Hold down ctrl key and start Bridge. You will get a reset window with 3 options. THis file not affected with a reinstall.

The mutilple ssid configured on bridge mode access point

Is it possible to configure mutilple ssid under one dot11 interface when the AP works on bridge mode

Hi,
This is Linksys Community Forums and not HP Community Forums. You may want to create a post on HP Forums instead?
If everyone needs to believe in something, I believe I'll have another beer..

Setting up a netgear n300 as wireless bridge/access point with airport extremee

I just replaced my netgear wireless router with the airport to allow our many devices on the network without knocking each other off and also increase the speed. But would like to use the netgear as a wireless bridge or access point so that I can still connect my NTFS formatted hard drive to be shared on the network. Any suggestions would be appreciated. I can not seem to find my netgear router with 192.168.1.1 as that comes up with another device. I have tried doing this with a windows laptop in another room but can not seem to make it work. I am now hooked up directly to the airport thinking i need to do it that way and still no luck. Please help.

As long as you intend to do this over ethernet it will work.. you cannot easily wireless repeat or bridge to an apple router.. you would need specific hardware to do it.
What is the exact model of netgear you have?
The setup method depends on the functionality of the router.. but lets assume it does not have a bridge or WAP mode.
You use WAN bypass.
1. Setup the Netgear with IP address in the correct IP range for the rest of the network.. it is hard to talk generalities so lets say the apple is main router and your network is now 10.0.1.x .. then set the Netgear to 10.0.1.250 (apple uses IP 2-200 by default) you can use any value you like outside the DHCP range. Up to the limit which is 254 as long as you keep track of all static IP devices. Apply this setting and power cycle the router.. and you might need to power cycle the computer as well to pick up the new IP.
2. Turn off the DHCP server in the Netgear. You may lose connection to the netgear now.. do not worry about it.. (this can be combined with one.. if you firstly turn off dhcp before you change the IP.. but whatever is possible.. at some point you will need to change around and if you forget what IP .. you will be in a mess.. so write it on a label and stick on the base of the router.. also without dhcp you will either need to reset router to factory using reset button or use static ip on the computer. )
3. Plug ethernet from LAN of the main router to LAN of the Netgear. Reboot the whole network is often necessary.
4. In your computer plugged somewhere in the network.. open browser and go to the address you set.. 10.0.1.250 in my example.
5. You can then setup the Netgear to do whatever you like.. DIsk access is fine.. wireless is fine.. it just cannot be a router.
Many many reboots if you get lost. Hit reset and start over.

Silly doubt abt access-points and bridges

hi all i have read cisco doc wherein clients connecting to access-points and also where the cisco access-point is working like a bridge and still clients can connect to it .
then any specific reason why people generally connect clients to access-points.
i mean is there any benefit of either method over the other.
any help and guidance would be really helpful.
regards
sushil

In short, it is preferred to have users connect to access points.... 99% of the time. You can use a wireless bridge (that is associated to an AP) that is connected to a switch/hub to supply network connectivity to wired users off the switch/hub. There are also access points that can be used as a bridge for building point to point connectivity.
Look at the home users with wireless.... it allows then to move from place to place (as long as there is coverage) without having to be wired in.

Bandwith on a Point-to-Multipoint Bridges

Hello everybody..
I`m already designing a point-to-multipoint bridging with Aironet 1300. On the central site I have a omnidirectional antenna and on the remote site integrated antenna. The question is: How much bandwith could I get if my topology is 1 central site a 5 remotes sites?
Does the 54Mbps bandiwith is share between 5 point or does each one could get 54 Mbps.?
Thanks in advance...

Hi Edgar,
Have a look at the following excerpt;
Point-to-Multipoint Bridging
In a point-to-multipoint configuration, two or more non-root bridges associate to a root bridge. Up to 17 non-root bridges can associate to a root bridge, but the non-root bridges must share the available bandwidth.
From this doc;
Cisco Aironet 1300 Series Outdoor Access Point/ Bridge
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/ps5861/products_configuration_guide_chapter09186a008021e5ca.html#wp1034650
Hope this helps!
Rob
Please remember to rate helpful posts.........

Bandwidth requirement for voice calls

Hi All,
Need expertise advise on the following concern about voice call.
1. Bandwidth requirement for video call across all other endpoint(using Polycom / Lifesize end point at their end)
a)Standard Video
b)1K HD Video
c)4K HD Video
2. Plus can we determine bandwidth required for all the following below:
a. 1 to 1 VC end point ( Cisco TP – Cisco TP)
b. Bridge call ( Cisco TP to Polycom / Lifesize)
c. 1 to 1 VC end point ( Cisco TP – Polycom / Lifesize)

Thanks for the info Wayne. I missed out information about the endpoint.
Client using CTS 3010. Acoording to datasheet it says
11.9 Mbps (1080p, 30 fps best motion handling), 10.1 Mbps (1080p, 30 fps better motion handling), 8.8 Mbps (1080p, 30 fps good motion handling)
6.4 Mbps (720p, 30 fps best motion handling), 4.5 Mbps (720p, 30 fps better motion handling), 3.1 Mbps (720p, 30 fps good motion handling)2
My question is does the bandwidth required for both ways or only one way?
And I'm aware CTS 3010 doesn't support 4K video.

Point to multipoint with AP 1230AG

Hello,
I want to do this configuration:
Site A must be connected to site B and to site C. On the site A there is an AP 1230AG, it's configured in bridge mode in point to multipoint to site B and C in 802.11A.
On the site B there is an AP 1230AG, it's configured in bridge mode in point to point to the site A in 802.11A, and it's configured in access point in 802.11G for laptops.
On the site C there is an AP 1230AG, it's configured in bridge mode in point to point to the site A in 802.11A, and it's configured in access point in 802.11G for laptops.
I believe that it's possible to make bridge and access point on the same AP in point to point , but is it possible in point to multipoint with AP 1230AG?
Thanks and regards.

As long as there are dual radios each radio can be configured as both as access point and brdige mode.

Authorisation object to the loading point

Hi, Experts,
As per the requirement we have configured the Weigh Bridges as loading points from where the TRUCK empty and Gross weights can be taken to create the delivery and these loading points were assigned to multiple shipping points. Again each Shipping point also assigned to multiple loading points.each weigh bridge i.e. the loading point is being operated by the end user.As the shipping point is assigned to multiple loading points, system is allowing the user to select any one of the loading point assigned to that shipping point.
Now, my requirement is to restrict the end user to operate one loading point only by providing authorisation object for that loading point. what is the authorisation object for the loading point.
Regards
Sam

the loading point is being operated by the end user
Through which transaction code, users are executing this loading point. I think, the authorization object for this is L_YRD_MTHD
G. Lakshmipathi

Bridge is opening all of my RAW files as jpegs when I import them from iPhoto

I have set my iPhoto preferences to send my RAW photos as RAW when using an external editor. If I only use ACR, this works fine, but if I want to use CS4 they are all coming over as jpegs and I then have to work w them as jpegs. I have PSE 8 . Do I have to do something before I open CS4 to have them come over in RAW format?

Not Very familiar with iPhoto but I think you do confuse two approaches for
your files. If you choose to work from iPhoto it takes the originals but
when using Bridge it might be an exported version in jpeg.
If you have PSE 8 with Bridge CS4 I would suggest you make a choice in
workflow and use Bridge as starting point. You can import your Raw files in
Bridge using Photodownloader (get photo's from Camera in Bridge) preferable
use a card reader for this.
And/or copy the older original Raw files to a new folder.
You can find the originals that have been imported using iPhoto in the
picture folder/iphoto library. Click on the icon and with right mouse click
choose show package content. In this new window you will see a file called
originals with subfolders. Inhere find the ones you want and copy them to a
new folder from your choice (either in the picture folder or elsewhere, but
obvious not in the package window for iPhoto, you won't see them after you
closed the package content window...)
Choose copy because in this way your iPhoto library and folder structure
stays as it is.
Now point Bridge to the folder with this copied files and let it cache the
files first (takes some time).
With this workflow you can manage your Raw files (rate, rename, adding
metadata and keywords etc.) and develop them in ACR and PSE. If you do want
to use the album structure from iPhoto you can choose to save your developed
files either as jpeg or tiff and place them in iPhoto.
It might be a better workaround because iPhoto is not the best application
to handle and develop Raw files, you have a lot more options in Bridge and
PSE
I have set my iPhoto preferences to send my RAW photos as RAW when using an
external editor. If I only use ACR, this works fine, but if I want to use CS4
they are all coming over as jpegs and I then have to work w them as jpegs. I
have PSE 8 . Do I have to do something before I open CS4 to have them come
over in RAW format?

Bridged Call verses Point-to-Point Call

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