Executable file won't work in terminal when I'm in it's folder

I don't get it, I thought I could just go to a folder then I can execute an excutable file in that folder by simply typing it. For some reason terminal wants me to put in the entire path of the file to execute it even if I'm in the folder. Clearly this isn't DOS . How do I do this? ./<file> ? Is that correct? Thanks.

Your PATH environment variable tells the shell where to look for commands you type, if there is not path information.
If you want the shell to look in the current working directory, your PATH environment variable must have a period as one of the entries.
export PATH=".:$PATH"
would make your shell look in the current working directory for the command you are entering before looking in any of the other PATH directory.
NOTE:  This can be considered insecure, as if you are on a multi-user system, and then are in some directory where another user has put a file such as 'ls' that you execute instead of the /bin/ls, then you could be tricked into doing something the other user wants.
Or you can invoke commands in any random directory by supplying ./ in front of the file name, or providing the full path.

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