Financial Accounting - Org. Structure

Hi Gurus,
Please tell me about FI Org Structure? What all things should be included in FI Org Structure?
It will be good if you explain me through example.
waiting for your reply.
Thank You

Hi Gverma,
Sorry, for the late reply. I have been very busy recently.
To answer your question, it depend on what you are whether you want the global FI Organisation Structure or a subset for each of the functional areas. The global structure is what was stated in my first reply.
For Chart of accounts/chart of depreciation organisational structure, see the link below. There are two different scenarios.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/4f/71da50448011d189f00000e81ddfac/frameset.htm
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/4f/71da50448011d189f00000e81ddfac/frameset.htm
Credit Control Area is a tool used to control the amount/degree of exposure of an organisation to its Customers/Debtors. It is a superset to the Company Code. See link for diagram and more details.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/93/7437ab546011d1a7020000e829fd11/frameset.htm
I hope the above helps.
Do not forget to award the points please.
Regards,
Jacob

Similar Messages

Designing org structure and COA

Hi
We are in the process of implementing oracle financial modules in India and we are a construction company,so we do all type of construction activity and hence it is project based.we will be implementing projects as well.
We are having operations through out the country but do not have any outside the country .
so while implementing what would be the best idea to have org structure.
should we go for multiple OU cosidering each project as OU or should we go with considering each project as cost centre ?
management would like to have MIS for each project and transaction of each project accounted separately does not want other project accountant to see transaction of other projects.
any idea would be of help.
thanks
Jogendra

Hi Jogendra,
Have you considered of having a Project Segment in your Chart of Acounts?
In that case using your Balancing segment and the Project Sement as a secondary Tracking segment you can track all MIS based upon the Project segment and the Balancing segment.
Whether or not to have multiple OUs also poses questions like how are the Projects Managed?
Are separate Companies floated to own and manage each of the Projects? If separate companies are floated, for India Localization tds needs to be deducted and the Threshold limits will work at Operating Unit level. As such, you must use multiorg and crete multiple OUs to keep the threshold limits of TDS and other taxes in place.
Security rules will need to be used in any case - as there will only be one GL (is you are using single set of Books).
So you can create a group company,
create one Legal entity and under this legal entity create as many OUs each having its own TAN no. Ths will allow the TDS slabs to be effective for each OU.
Hope by now the sturcture is materialising in your mind. Happy Implementation!!
Cheers!
Edited by: SatyaApps on Sep 9, 2008 8:51 PM

Basic Settings before HR Org Structure

Hello
What are the basic settings required in Entreprise Structure (FI/CO) before you actually start creating an Org Structure in HR. Can you please provide step by step process.
Thanks
HR Infant

hai u need to create Company code as it is the duty of FICO guys
steps Enterprise Structure-financial accounting-definition
in this structuer u willl define the compay code

PR to PO conversion - Issue from Org structure

Dear all
I have configured following Org Structure in 4.6C.
Plant: z101 is assigned with company code:xxxx
another
Plant: z201 is assigned with Company code:yyyy
and centralised purchase organisation is used.
I have created a PR belongs to plant:z101.So its based on company code:xxxx
when I referring that PR to create PO and but entering the plant as z201........ system is allowing me to create.
when I display the PO,its shows the plant as z101 for that line item but company code is become yyyy.............
I really wondering .........how the system is allowing.....
any suggestions?

i think you have created your companyes by copying the data from company code 1000. so first conferm that you have assigned them same charts of account like INT.
now, Goto
IMG --> Materials Management --> purchasing --> valuation and Account determination --> Account determination --> Group together valuation area
Here you have to group (cluster your different plants) with the same key like 001.
Now make a po.
if not works tell me

Short Dump while copying Org structure from ERP to CRM

Hello Experts:
We are trying to copy the Org structure from ECC to CRM.
We have a standard transaction 'CRMC_R3_ORG_GENERATE' to copy the the org structure from ECC or the IMG path:
SPRO->CRM->Master Data->Organization Management->Data Transfer->Coppy ECC Sales Structure
We have a multiple assignment scenario where each sales groups are assigned to multiple sales offices and likewise,each sales office is assigned to multiple sales org unit in ECC.
This can be achieved by turning on the enhanced version.
In our current business,even though the sales offices and groups are created,but are not having relavance in the business,hence while running in the sandbox system, we ran the program to copy the structures in the standard mode(default) and we could copy it without issues and create the org units for every entity in CRM based on how the number ranges are defined.
What happens when enhanced version switch is turned on ::
While we turn the mode to enhanced version, The system automatically::
- enhances the Function tab page in the ppoma_crm transaction to include a grid table, in which you maintain multiple assignments of organizational units
- generates an extra dialog box to the Organization tab page in business transactions for you to select the relevant assignment path for the organizational unit
- adapts the consistency check in business transactions to take into account organizational units that have been multiple assigned
Risk factor :
Once you have switched to the enhanced backend integration version of the organizational model you cannot return to the standard backend integration version. The system will also automatically make changes to the organizational model version in CRM Mobile Sales.
Also this structure will happen across all the clients in the system,so unfortunately cannot try in a sandbox client also of the new environment.
We are building our development box,so while running the above step in standard mode,the program gives a short dump due to long execution time even though we have the same amount of data as in our prototype system.
Also, we increased the idle time value to a very high value.
When I approached SAP OSS,I was told that it is due to the multiple assignment scenario,hence we need to switch to enhanced version in CRM before we run the copy program ( CRMC_ORG_R3_GENERATE )
I am not quite sure if the mismatch of the scenarios between CRM and ECC could be causing this short dump as we could run it in standard mode in our prototype/sandbox environment without issues even with the same data volume as in the new development system .
I am looking for help from all the experts if they have come across similar issue and your recommendations/feedback if this can be corrected.
Appreciate your guidance/recommendation on this issue.
thanks!!

In CRM Best Practices Building block C05 is the step by step description how to replicate Org. structure and some of employee's master data.
Follow link - http://help.sap.com/bp_crmv12007/CRM_DE/BBLibrary/html/C05_EN_DE.htm

Creat ECM budget structure from current org structure

Hi all ,
When we are creating budget heirarchy using "PECM_GENERATE_BUDGET", we want to create it from org structure that is effective on a particular date and not for all org assignments.
For example :
For budget effective 01/01/2011 to 12/31/2011. We may want to create Budget structure from org structure that effective 12/31/2011.
( The standard transactcion "PECM_GENERATE_BUDGET" creats structures for all the effective dates )
Let's say, I have Org units Org1 and Org2 at the same level. Org3 reports to Org1 from 01/01/2011 to 11/20/2011. But effective 12/01/2011, Org 3 reports to Org 2.
01/01/2011 to 11/30/2011 -> Org3 reports to Org1
12/01/2011 to 12/31/9999 -> Org3 reports to Org2
When I run ""PECM_GENERATE_BUDGET"" this generates a budget heirarchy, that shows Org3 reporting to both O1 and O2,
whereas we want Org3 to be just shown in the hierarchy of Org2 ( effective 12/31/2011).
I see that the FM "'HR_ECM_GET_OBJECT_STRUCTURE" and "HR_ECM_BUILD_BUDGET_STRUC" generate budget structure, by taking the begin and end date of budget period( 01/01/2011 to 12/31/ 2011) into account to create the org structure. But we just want the latest structure effective on a particular date.
Has any faced this kind of scenario/requirement as this seems to be the standard budget creation functionality.
Appreciate any inputs
regards

Hi - When you are creating budget sturcture based on org. unit the system will create budget structure on the basis of defined budget period
Pls. try delimiting 01/01/2011 to 11/30/2011 -> Org3 reports to Org1 relationship and create budget structure. I feel you should be fine then.
which EHP are you in? If you are using EHP 5 its give option to generate top down or bottom up budget structure.
Can you also reply to one of my post.

Integrate HR org structure and CUA?

We are considering a new design for our authorization management on our production ECC 6.0 system.
There will be 2 productive ECC 6.0 systems; which system you use will depend on your global location. We currently utilize the HR org structure to assist us with provisioning and deprovisioning accounts on our durrent single ECC 6.0 instance, and we hang composite roles off of positions in the org structure, so that a fair amount of authorization management is automated.
If we were to put a CUA client over the two productive ECC 6.0 clients, how might that be integrated with the HR organizational model? Does CUA integrate well with an org structure? Any experiences with this would be helpful.

Hi Mary,
Firstly, are the org structures in the two ECC clients identical - in sync with each other?
If the org structures are different then it would limit the options that you would have:
- CUA client would simply be used for the provisioning of the user id
- The role to position allocation would still take place locally in each of the ECC clients
- You would have to maintain the 105 relationships locally in the ECC clients
- You would have to set the role maintenance option in SCUM to local maintenance
If the org structure is the same on both ECC clients, then it would provide you with some additional options:
Option 1 - use the approach described above to allow for local maintenance
Option 2 - ALE the org structure to the CUA client, then allocate the composite roles to the positions on the org structure and maintain the 105 relationship on the CUA client.
- the roles will then be distributed to the correct child system when the org recon is run
Option 3 - Use one of the ECC systems as the CUA client (Which we are busy implementing at the moment)
I'm using my ECC system as my central CUA for the production system, I know that many people would disagree with this due to upgrade requirements and all the rest. However in the Netweaver environment the ECC client is typically on the highest basis release, which caters for the CUA requirement and CUA is far more stable these days which reduces the risk. The other reason we have chosen this route is also the capacity of the ECC production system which is suitable.
Also the HRORG is maintained on the same system, therefore less ALE requirements to move the org structure between systems etc. In the landscape we currently have BI and Portal, future applications/modules include ESS, MSS, APO and SEM.
To achieve the solution I create all roles for all applications in the landscape, in the ECC client - for non-ECC roles the role definition is only role name and description (the correct authorisations are then maintained in the relevant child system). These are then distributed via RFC to the various child systems, it requires a couple of small changes but does work fine. All roles are then inlcuded into a composite role, regardless of which child system the role belongs to. The composite role is then allocated to the position in the HR org and once the HR recon is run, the role allocations are distributed to the correct child system. An example of a Line Manager Composite role would include:
- HR Line Manager (ECC Client)
- Cost Centre Manager (ECC Client)
- BW Line Manager Menu role (Portal)
- BW Line Manager Data role (BI client)
- Purchasing Approval (ECC Client)
I'm not sure if this has helped you, but in short the CUA integration with HRORG does work reasonably well and depending on the approach you choose it could affect the amount of maintenance that takes place. Just remember that the structural profile allocations would always take place locally on the ECC clients and only the role allocations can be managed from the CUA.
Regards
Sujeet

HR Replication - only part of org structure needed in SRM - excess IDOC's

Dear peers,
we are running HR-ALE to replicate HR master data from a separate HR system (ECC 6) into the ERP system (ECC 6, with SRM as add-on).
Only a part of the organizational structure is needed in SRM, this O-unit is specified in PFAL for initial replication. Delta replication is setup through change pointers - as recommended by SAP.
Unfortunately change pointers are generated for the complete org structure, not just for the org part we are replicating into SRM. This results in a lot of IDOC's that go into error because of missing and irrelevant data.
What can we do to avoid generating IDOC's that are not needed?
> continue with the change pointers, and filter out non-relevant data via user exit on outbound side
> switch off change pointers, and schedule PFAL in update mode instead
> perhaps the root org structure can be specified in the ALE distribution model filter as well so IDOC's generated from change pointers take this into account
Thanks for your point of view on this topic
Cheers, Linda

Hi Linda,
In our project SAP is the single point of truth. So we are not stopping any replication pertaining to postion and organization unit in SRM as well as CRM from SAP.
Having said that user is assgined to postion and user has role. As a results if any user doesn't have any role related to SRM and CRM , user will not be replicated. In that case those user deosn't have any authorization to access the SRM systems though their postion and organization unit may be avaialble in SRM.
otherwise : switch off change pointers, and schedule PFAL in update mode instead
This will be simplest methods
Regards
Dayal

Org Structure creation for different countries

Hi,
Pls guide me as of how to proceed with the scenario.Client has Organization structure in 2 countries,that is India and srilanka.
1/ While configuring in the system for creating Org structure should i change the MOLG value(in SU3)accordingly for each Country?
2/ India business head and srilanka business head reports to Group MD who sits in Malaysia where there is no Org structure.So how do i maintain this reporting.I mean should i create a Org unit in Malaysian Country grouping.Will this work?
pls guide me
Thanks

Dear,
Configuring the Client Organization is completely depending on Clients requirements. In my View when there is no org structure in maysia then there is no need of worry about it. For your other question
you can use one Operating chart of accounts for both countries and individual country specific chart of accounts to meet there country legal requirements.
But important thing is you need to ask and confirm with your client what are the requirements they have. Thank you.
Regards,
Ahemmed

Org structure and import purchase procedure

hi,
Can anybody clarify the scenerio?
company is importing the raw materials from overseas at Kolkata,Mumbai and Chennai port .From the port the material will be distributed to different mfg plants across India. The procurement is happening only from Head Office which is in Mumbai.
How the organisational structure can be configured for this process?
Also can anyone explain the detail process of Import purchase?
Thanks in advance,
abimanyu

Hi
You have to define the org structure as ur req with multiple plants
Now u can do the imports and transfer the material from docks to the desired plant
while creating the po in ur HO u have to give delivery add of ur plant
IMPORT PROCESS
in ur pricing u have to create following
JCDB IN: Basic Custom Duty
JCV1 IN : CVD
JECV IN : Ed Cess on CVD
J1CV IN : H&SECess on CVD
JEDB IN : Ed Cess on BCD
JSDB IN : H&SECess on BCD
JADC Additional Duty of Custom
JCV1, JECV, J1CV and JADC will go to Excise MODVAT Accounts and JCDB, JEDB and JSDB will get loaded on inventory.
In M/06, for all above conditions, keep following controls;
Cond. class A (Discount or surcharge) Plus/minus A (Positive)
Calculat.type A (Percentage)
Cond.category B (Delivery costs)
Activate "Currency Conversion" and "Accrual"
now for setoff
maintain the following conditions in excise default settings.
JCV1, JECV, JADC
path: spro>logistic general >tax on goods movements>india >basic settings>determination of excise duty >maintain excise defaults >
along with ur tax procedure maintain these conditions in the specified fields
JCV1 in CVD condition field.
JECV in ECS conditon field.
JADC in ACD conditon field.
in case of secess on CVD, no need to maintain.
it is hardcodded in the standard
Vendor in GR 2 (Entry always possible)
Import scenario
1.Create material master of import goods.
2.Create vendor master record of import vendor and Customs clearing vendor.
3.Maintain CIN settings.
4.Maintain J1id.
5.Maintain Pricing procedure SAP standard JIMPOR..,maintain required conditions..JCDB,JCV1...
6.Assign the schema to respective import vendor in Purchasing view of VMR.
7.Create import PO ,check in conditions of JCDB, JCV1 the customs clearing vendor(Indian vendor) and percentage is assigned..This can be done by In condition tab select condtion then click on display,then enter.
Save the PO.
8.MIRO --Capture Bill Of Entry.(Commercial Invoice No.,).Customs clearing first .Here CVD will b converted to BED.
9.Capture Excisse invoice--j1iex.
10.MIGO.
Regards
ksk
12.Post Excise Invoice.
13.MIRO...Payment to vendor(import vendor)

Org structure in Deposit Management

Calling FS Gurus,
I have created the Org Structure by PPOM T-Code in the Deposit Management.
Now When am trying to create the account BCA_CN_ACCT_01, In the field accoutn number when am inputting my org branch number, it does not accept it. Besides when I display my Org structure, its in gry area in the list structure.
Could anyone help me as to what is missing and what can be done to use the org structure.
Thanx in advance
Helpful answer would be rewarded
Megha

Hi,
Org model which is used in Territory Management is created only through the txn: PPOMA_CRM.
If the org model for your territory management is different from the existing org model maintained for other processes, then you can enhance it for meeting territory specific requirements.
Pls. go through the link for more information on the subject:
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_crm50/helpdata/en/54/ccb63e1734e16fe10000000a114084/frameset.htm
Reward points if it helps.
P

BPC Org structure

Hi All
I like to get confirmed, whether the proposed Org structure will suit for Consolidation requirement mentioned below.
Consolidation Requirement.
We have 3 Company Codes Company A, B, & C.
Level 1- Consolidation of 100% from Co COde B and 50% from Co Code C (For Ex: If Co COde C revenue is 100, then only 50 shld be considered)
Level 2 - 100% of Co code A, 100% of Code Code B, then 50% of Co Code C.
Org Structure in Planning.
Company - Only One Company - Say Company 1000
Co Codes - 3, A, B & C,
Op Chart Of Accounts - One & same for all the 3,
Fiscal year variant will be same for all the co code.
Operating Concern - 1, Co Area - 1

Hi,
Thanks for your reply.
As per my understanding, the information we are maintained in dynamic hierarchy is nothing but your org structure which we are mapping.
Please do correct, if I am wrong.
Thanks and regards,
MD.

Multiple Financial Accounting Company Codes but only 1 Legal Entity

Hi all,
We are implementing various countries payrolls, which includes posting to general ledger.
We have a situation whereby there are many company codes for financial accounting purpose (local term calls them company code / sector). These separate company codes need to be differentiated in posting documents.
For most countries we are able to have many company codes but 1 legal entity (for e.g 1 tax reference number, and company details for statutory reporting for various company codes). But for Malaysia, this is not allowed.
I understand that commonly that Company Code in SAP should be legal entity. But there are many companies who practises different external financial reporting that have 1 legal entity separated in different sector for GL / financial reporting purpose.
My question is:
1. How can we set multiple company codes, but with 1 legal entity details (e.g. Tax Reference Number, Legal Entity Company Name and Address for Statutory reporting) for Malaysia?
2. If this is not possibe, how can we split up the GL file (or at least have different separation in the same file to show the different company codes)? It does't seem that Personnel Area or Personnel Area is picked up by PC00_M99_CIPE (payroll posting). Where can we store this besides Business Area field for individual employees (as this field is already used to distinguish another internal GL reporting, e.g. for Indirect / Direct Employee).
Any advice will be greatly appreciated.
Thanks!
Vicky

Hi,
A client can either be valid for a company code at the smallest level, or the entire
corporate group.
The company code is defined in financial accounting. The balance
sheet and profit and loss statements are drawn up at the company code level.
The personnel area, which is only used in Personnel Administration, is unique in each
client. You must assign each personnel area to a company code.
You also use the personnel subarea only in Personnel Administration and it is the smallest element of
the enterprise structure. You link the groupings that define the entries to be used for
employees of a particular company code/personnel area to the personnel subarea.
I understand your question ,
question 1 is belong to FICO quesion , as a HR counsultant you have only way:
one way set your multiple company as HR personnel area level ,then make those personnel area belong to the company that with 1 legal entity details ,
another way is set your multiple company as a company have company code at SAP , then posting to each company ,then let FICO department to adjust subsequent account.
hope can help you
Olivia Yang

I want a SAP Financial Accounting and Controlling question,

hi

Hi
Can u send me your personal Email ID, I will forward it again.
Enterprise Structure
What is a Company Code and what are the basic organizational
assignments to a company code?
Company Code is a legal entity for which financial statements like Profit
and Loss and Balance Sheets are generated. Plants are assigned to the
company code, Purchasing organization is assigned to the company code,
and Sales organization is assigned to the company code.
What is the relation between a Controlling Area and a Company
code?
A Controlling area can have the following 2 type of relationship with a
Company code
a. Single Company code relation
b. Cross Company code relation
This means that one single controlling area can be assigned to several
different company codes. Controlling can have a one is to one
relationship or a one is to many relationship with different company
codes.
Controlling Area is the umbrella under which all controlling activities of
Cost Center Accounting, Product Costing, Profit Center and Profitability
Analysis are stored.
In a similar way Company Codes is the umbrella for Finance activities.
How many Chart of Accounts can a Company code have?
A single Company code can have only one Chart of Account assigned to
it. The Chart of Accounts is nothing but the list of General Ledger
Accounts.
What are the options in SAP when it comes to Fiscal years?
Fiscal year is nothing but the way financial data is stored in the system.
SAP provides you with the combination of 12 normal periods and also
four special periods. These periods are stored in what is called the fiscal
year variant.
There are two types of Fiscal Year Variant
· Calendar Year e.g. Jan-Dec
· Year Dependent Fiscal Year .
What is a year dependent fiscal year variant ?
In a year dependent fiscal year variant the number of days in a month
are not as per the calendar month. Let us take an example:- For the year
2005 the period January ends on 29th, Feb ends on 27th, March ends on
29. For the year 2006 January ends on 30th, Feb ends on 26th, March
ends on 30th. This is applicable to many countries especially USA. Ever
year this fiscal year variant needs to be configured in such a case
How does posting happen in MM (Materials Management) during
special periods?
There is no posting which happens from MM in special periods. Special
periods are only applicable for the FI module. They are required for
making any additional posting such as closing entries, provisions. which
happen during quarter end or year end.
How many currencies can be configured for a company code?
A company code can have 3 currencies in total. They are local currency
ie company code currency) and 2 parallel currencies. This gives the
company the flexibility to report in the different currencies.
Do you require to configure additional ledger for parallel currencies?
Where only 2 currencies are configured (Company code currency and a
parallel currency) there is no need for an additional ledger. In case the
third parallel currency is also configured and if it is different than the
second currency type, you would then need to configure additional
ledger.
If there are two company codes with different chart of accounts how
can you consolidate their activities?
In this case you either need to write an ABAP program or you need to
implement the Special Consolidation Module of SAP. If both the company
codes use the same chart of accounts then standard SAP reports give
you the consolidated figure.
FI-GL
Give some examples of GL accounts that should be posted
automatically through the system and how is this defined in the
system.
Stock and Consumption accounts are instances of GL accounts that
should be automatically posted . In the GL account master record, a
check box exists wherein the automatic posting option is selected called
Post Automatically Only
What is a Account group and where is it used?
An Account group controls the data that needs to be entered at the time
of creation of a master record. Account groups exist for the definition of a
GL account, Vendor and Customer master. It basically controls the fields
which pop up during master data creation in SAP.
What is a field status group?
Field status groups control the fields which come up when the user does
the transactions. There are three options for field selection. They are:
Display only
Suppressed
Mandatory
So basically you can have any field either for display only or you can
totally suppress it or make it mandatory.
The field status group is stored in the FI GL Master Record.
What is the purpose of a Document type in SAP?
A Document type is specified at the Header level during transaction entry
and serves the following purposes:
· It defines the Number range for documents
· It controls the type of accounts that can be posted to eg
Assets, Vendor, Customer, Normal GL account
· Document type to be used for reversal of entries
· Whether it can be used only for Batch input sessions
Document Type is created for differentiating business transactions. Eg
Vendor Invoice, Credit Memo, Accrual Entries,Customer Invoice. It is a
two digit character.
What is a Financial Statement Version?
A FSV (Financial Statement Version) is a reporting tool and can be used
to depict the manner in which the financial accounts like Profit and Loss
Account and Balance Sheet needs to be extracted from SAP. It is freely
definable and multiple FSV's can be defined for generating the output for
various external agencies like Banks and other Statutory authorities.
How are input and output taxes taken care of in SAP?
A tax procedure is defined for each country and tax codes are defined
within this. There is flexibility to either expense out the Tax amounts or
Capitalize the same to Stocks.
What are Validations and Substitutions?
Validations/Substitutions in SAP are defined for each functional area
e.g. FI-GL, Assets, Controlling etc at the following levels
1. Document level
2. Line item level
These need to be specifically activated and setting them up are complex
and done only when it is really needed. Often help of the technical team
is taken to do that.
Is it possible to maintain plant wise different GL codes?
Yes. To be able to do so the valuation group code should be activated.
The valuation grouping code is maintained per plant and is configured in
the MM module. Account codes should be maintained per valuation
grouping code after doing this configuration.
Is Business area at company code Level?
No. Business area is at client level. What this means is that other
company codes can also post to the same business area.
What are the different scenarios under which a Business Area or a
Profit Center may be defined?
This question is usually very disputable. But both Business Areas and
Profit centers are created for internal reporting. Each has its own pros
and cons but many companies nowadays go for Profit center as there is a
feeling that business area enhancements would not be supported by SAP
in future versions.
There are typical month end procedures which need to be executed for
both of them and many times reconciliation might become a big issue. A
typical challenge in both of them is in cases where you do not know the
Business Area or Profit Center of the transaction at the time of posting.
What are the problems faced when a Business area is configured?
The problem of splitting of account balance is more pertinent in case of
tax accounts.
Is it possible to default certain values for particular fields? For e.g.
company code.
Yes it is possible to default values for certain fields where a parameter id
is present.
Step 1 Go to the input field to which you want to make defaults.
Step 2 Press F1, then click technical info push button. This would open
a window that displays the corresponding parameter id (if one has been
allocated to the field) in the field data section.
Step 3 Enter this parameter id using the following path on SAP Easy
access screen System à User profile à Own data.
Step 4 Click on parameter tab. Enter the parameter id code and enter the
value you want as default. Save the usersettings.
Which is the default exchange rate type which is picked up for all
SAP transactions?
The default exchange rate type picked up for all SAP transactions is M
(average rate)
Is it possible to configure the system to pick up a different exchange
rate type for a particular transaction?
Yes it is possible. In the document type definition of GL, you need to
attach a different exchange rate type.
What are the master data pre-requisites for document clearing?
The Gl Account must be managed as an open item management . This
checkbox is there in the General Ledger Master Record called Open Item
Management. It helps you to manage your accounts in terms of cleared
and uncleared items. A typical example would be GR/IR Account in SAP
(Goods Received/Invoice Received Account)
Explain the importance of the GR/IR clearing account.
GR/IR is an interim account. In the legacy system of a client if the goods
are received and the invoice is not received the provision is made for the
same.
In SAP at the Goods receipt stage the system passes an accounting entry
debiting the Inventory and crediting the GR/IR Account .Subsequently
when an invoice is recd this GR/IR account is debited and the Vendor
account is credited. That way till the time that the invoice is not received
the GR/IR is shown as uncleared items.
How many numbers of line items in one single entry you can have?
The number of line items in one document you can accommodate is 999
lines.
A Finance Document usually has an assignment field. This field
automatically gets populated during data entry. Where does it get
its value?
This value comes from the Sort key entered in the Gl master record.
How do you maintain the number range in Production environment?
Do you directly create it in the Production box or do you do it by
means of transport?
Number range is to be created in the production client. You can
transport it also by way of request but creating in the production client is
more advisable.
In customizing company code productive means what? What does
it denote?
Once the company code is live(real time transactions have started) this
check box helps prevents deletion of many programs accidentally. This
check box is activated just before go live.
What is done by GR/IR regrouping program?
The balance in a GR/IR account is basically because of 2 main types of
transactions:-
Goods delivered but invoice not received Here the Goods receipt is
made but no invoice has yet been received from the vendor. In such a
scenario GR/IR account will have a credit balance.
Invoiced received but goods not delivered Here the Invoice is
received from the vendor and accounted for, but goods have not been
received. In such a scenario GR/IR account will have a debit balance.
The GR/IR account would contain the net value of the above two types of
transactions. The GR/IR regrouping program analyses the above
transactions and regroups them to the correct adjustment account. The
balance on account of first transactions will be regrouped to another
liability account and the balance on account of second transactions will
be regrouped to an asset account.
What are the functionalities available in the financial statement
version?
In the financial statement version the most important functionality
available is the debit credit shift. This is more important in case of
Bank overdraft accounts which can have a debit balance or a credit
balance. Thus in case of a debit balance you would require the overdraft
account to be shown on the Asset side. In case of credit balance you
would require the account to be shown on the Liability side.
Is it possible to print the financial statement version on a SAPscript
form?
Yes. It is possible to print the financial statement version on a SAPscript
form.
How do you configure the SAPscript form financial statement
version?
It is possible to generate a form from the financial statement version and
print the financial statements on a SAPscript form. In the customizing for
financial statement version select the FSV you created and choose Goto
à Generate form à One column or Two column form.
You can also copy form from the standard system.
Is it possible to generate a financial statement form automatically?
Yes. It is possible to generate a form automatically.
Is it possible to keep the FI posting period open only for certain GL
codes?
Yes. It is possible to keep open the FI posting period only for certain GL
codes.
How do you keep the FI posting period open only for certain GL
codes?
In transaction code OB52 click on new entries and maintain an interval
or a single GL code for the account type S with the posting period
variant. If the GL codes are not in sequence then you need to maintain
further entries for the posting period variant and account type S.
Can posting period variant be assigned to more than 1 company
code?
Yes. Posting period variant can be assigned to more than one company
code.
Accounts Receivable and Accounts
Payable
At what level are the customer and vendor codes stored in SAP?
The customer and vendor code are at the client level. That means any
company code can use the customer and vendor code by extending the
company code view.
How are Vendor Invoice payments made?
Vendor payments can be made in the following manner:
Manual payments without the use of any output medium like cheques
etc.
Automatic Payment program through cheques, Wire transfers, DME etc.
How do you configure the automatic payment program?
The following are the steps for configuring the automatic payment
program:-
Step 1 Set up the following:
Co. code for Payment transaction
Define sending and paying company code.
Tolerance days for payable
Minimum % for cash discount
Maximum cash discount
Special GL transactions to be paid
Step 2 Set up the following:
Paying company code for payment transaction
Minimum amount for outgoing payment
No exchange rate diff
Separate payment for each ref
Bill/exch payment
Form for payment advice
Step 3 Set up the following:
Payment method per country
Whether Outgoing payment
Check or bank transfer or B/E
Whether allowed for personnel payment
Required master data
Doc types
Payment medium programs
Currencies allowed
Step 4 Set up the following:
Payment method per company code for payment transactions
Set up per payment method and co. code
The minimum and maximum amount.
Whether payment per due day
Bank optimization by bank group or by postal code or no
optimization
Whether Foreign currency allowed
Customer/Vendor bank abroad allowed
Attach the payment form check
Whether payment advice required
Step 5 Set up the following:
Bank Determination for Payment Transactions
Rank the house banks as per the following
Payment method, currency and give them ranking nos
Set up house bank sub account (GL code)
Available amounts for each bank
House bank, account id, currency, available amount
Value date specification
Where do you attach the check payment form?
It is attached to the payment method per company code.
Where are Payment terms for customer master maintained?
Payment terms for customer master can be maintained at two places i.e.
in the accounting view and the sales view of the vendor master record.
Which is the payment term which actually gets defaulted when the
transaction is posted for the customer (accounting view or the sales
view)?
The payment term in the accounting view of the customer master comes
into picture if the transaction originates from the FI module. If an FI
invoice is posted (FB70) to the customer, then the payment terms is
defaulted from the accounting view of the customer master.
The payment term in the sales view of the customer master comes into
picture if the transaction originates from the SD module. A sales order is
created in the SD module. The payment terms are defaulted in the sales
order from the sales view of the customer master.
Where are Payment terms for vendor master maintained?
Payment terms for Vendor master can be maintained at two places i.e. in
the accounting view and the purchasing view.
Which is the payment term which actually gets defaulted in
transaction (accounting view or purchasing view)?
The payment term in the accounting view of the vendor master comes
into picture if the transaction originates from the FI module. If an FI
invoice is posted (FB60) to the Vendor, then the payment terms is
defaulted from the accounting view of the vendor master.
The payment term in the purchasing view of the vendor master comes
into picture if the transaction originates from the MM module. A
purchase order is created in the MM module. The payment terms are
defaulted in the purchase order from the purchasing view of the vendor
master.
Explain the entire process of Invoice verification from GR to Invoice
verification in SAP with accounting entries?
These are the following steps:
A goods receipt in SAP for a purchased material is prepared referring a
purchase order.
When the goods receipt is posted in SAP the accounting entry passed is:-
Inventory account Debit
GR/IR account credit
A GR/IR (which is Goods receipt/Invoice receipt) is a provision account
which provides for the liability for the purchase. The rates for the
valuation of the material are picked up from the purchase order.
When the invoice is booked in the system through Logistics invoice
verification the entry passed is as follows:-
GR/IR account debit
Vendor credit
How are Tolerances for Invoice verification defined?
The following are instances of tolerances that can be defined for Logistic
Invoice Verification.
c. Small Differences
d. Moving Average Price variances
e. Quantity variances
f. Price variances
Based on the client requirement, the transaction can be Blocked or
Posted with a Warning in the event of the Tolerances being exceeded.
Tolerances are nothing but the differences between invoice amount and
payment amount or differences between goods receipt amount and
invoice amount which is acceptable to the client.
Can we change the reconciliation account in the vendor master?
Yes. Reconciliation account can be changed in the vendor master
provided that the authority to change has been configured. Normally we
should not change the reconciliation account.
What is the impact on the old balance when the reconciliation
account in the vendor master is changed?
Any change you make to the reconciliation account is prospective and
not retrospective. The old items and balances do not reflect the new
account only the new transactions reflect the account.
There is an advance given by the customer which lies in a special GL
account indicator A. Will this advance amount be considered for
credit check?
It depends on the configuration setting in the special GL indicator A. If
the Relevant to credit limit indicator is switched on in the Special GL
indicator A the advances will be relevant for credit check, otherwise it will
not be relevant.
In payment term configuration what are the options available for
setting a default baseline date?
There are 4 options available:-
1) No default
2) Posting date
3) Document date
4) Entry date
What is generally configured in the payment term as a default for
baseline date?
Generally document date is configured in the payment term as a default
for base line date.
How do you configure a special GL indicator for Customer?
You can use an existing special GL indicator ID or create a new one.
After creating a special GL indicator id, update the chart of accounts and
the Reconciliation account. Also as a last step you need to update the
special GL code.
The special GL code should also be marked as a Reconciliation account.
Switch on the relevant for credit limit and commitment warning
indicators in the master record.
Bank Accounting:
How is Bank Reconciliation handled in SAP?
The bank reco typically follows the below procedure:
First, the payment made to a Vendor is posted to an interim bank
clearing account. Subsequently, while performing reconciliation, an entry
is posted to the Main Bank account. You can do bank reconciliation
either manually or electronically.
How do you configure check deposit?
The following are the steps for configuring check deposit:-
Step1: Create account symbols for the main bank and incoming check
account.
Step2: Assign accounts to account symbols
Step3: Create keys for posting rules
Step4: Define posting rules
Step5: Create business transactions and assign posting rule
Step6: Define variant for check deposit
What is the clearing basis for check deposit?
In the variant for check deposit we need to set up the following
a) fields document number ( which is the invoice number),
b) amount
c) Short description of the customer.
The document number and the invoice amount acts as the clearing
basis.
How do you configure manual bank statement?
The following are the steps for configuring manual bank statement:-
Step1: Create account symbols for the main bank and the sub accounts
Step2: Assign accounts to account symbols
Step3: Create keys for posting rules
Step4: Define posting rules
Step5: Create business transaction and assign posting rule
Step6: Define variant for Manual Bank statement
How do you configure Electronic bank statement?
The steps for Electronic Bank Statement are the same except for couple
of more additional steps which you will see down below
Step1: Create account symbols for the main bank and the sub accounts
Step2: Assign accounts to account symbols
Step3: Create keys for posting rules
Step4: Define posting rules
Step5: Create transaction type
Step6: Assign external transaction type to posting rules
Step7: Assign Bank accounts to Transaction types
Fixed Assets
What are the organizational assignments in asset accounting?
Chart of depreciation is the highest node in Asset Accounting and this is
assigned to the company code.
Under the Chart of depreciation all the depreciation calculations are
stored.
How do you go about configuring Asset accounting?
The configuration steps in brief are as follows:-
a) Copy a reference chart of depreciation areas
b) Assign Input Tax indicator for non taxable acquisitions
c) Assign chart of depreciation area to company code
d) Specify account determination
e) Define number range interval
f) Define asset classes
g) Define depreciation areas posting to general ledger
h) Define depreciation key
Explain the importance of asset classes. Give examples?
The asset class is the main criterion for classifying assets. Every asset
must be assigned to only one asset class. Examples of asset class are
Plant& Machinery, Furniture & Fixtures, Computers etc. The asset class
also contains the Gl accounts which are debited when any asset is
procured. It also contains the gl accounts for depreciation calculation,
scrapping etc
Whenever you create an asset master you need to mention the asset
class for which you are creating the required asset. In this manner
whenever any asset transaction happens the gl accounts attached to the
asset class is automatically picked up and the entry passed.
You can also specify certain control parameters and default values for
depreciation calculation and other master data in each asset class.
How are depreciation keys defined?
The specifications and parameters that the system requires to calculate
depreciation amounts are entered in Calculation methods. Calculation
methods replace the internal calculation key of the depreciation key.
Depreciation keys are defaulted in Asset Master from the asset class.
Refer to the configuration for more details of how depreciation is
calculated.
A company has its books prepared based on Jan Dec calendar year
for reporting to its parent company. It is also required to report
accounts to tax authorities based on April- March. Can assets be
managed in another depreciation area based on a different fiscal
year variant?
No. Assets accounting module cannot manage differing fiscal year variant
which has a different start date (January for book depreciation and April
for tax depreciation) and different end date (December for book
depreciation and March for tax depreciation). In this case you need to
implement the special purpose ledger.
What are the special steps and care to be taken in Fixed asset data
migration into SAP system especially when Profit center accounting
is active?
Data migration is slightly different from a normal transaction which
happens in Asset accounting module.
Normally, in asset accounting the day to day transactions is posted with
values through FI bookings and at the same time the asset reconciliation
is updated online realtime. Whereas In data Migration the asset master
is updated with values through a transaction code called as AS91. The
values updated on the master are Opening Gross value and the
accumulated depreciation. The reconciliation GL account is not
automatically updated at this point of time.
The reconciliation accounts (GL codes) are updated manually through
another transaction code called as OASV.
If profit center is active, then after uploading assets through AS91 you
should transfer the asset balances to profit center accounting through a
program.
Thereafter you remove the Asset GL code (reconciliation accounts) from
the 3KEH table for PCA and update the Asset reconciliation account (GL
code) through OASV.
After this step you again update the Asset reconciliation account in the
3KEH table.
The reason you remove the Asset reconciliation code from 3KEH table is
that double posting will happen to PCA when you update the Asset
reconciliation manually.
Is it possible to calculate multiple shift depreciation? Is any special
configuration required?
Yes it is possible to calculate multiple shift depreciation in SAP for all
types of depreciation except unit of production. No special configuration
is required.
How do you maintain multiple shift depreciation in asset master?
The following steps are needed to maintain multiple shift depreciation:
1. The variable depreciation portion as a percentage rate is to be
maintained in the detail screen of the depreciation area.
2. The multiple shift factor is to be maintained in the time dependent
data in the asset master record. This shift factor is multiplied by
the variable portion of ordinary depreciation.
Once you have done the above the SAP system calculates the total
depreciation amount as follows:-
Depreciation amount = Fixed depreciation + (variable depreciation * shift
factor)
Lets say you have changed the depreciation rates in one of the
depreciation keys due to changes in legal requirements. Does
system automatically calculate the planned depreciation as per the
new rate?
No. System does not automatically calculate the planned depreciation
after the change is made. You need to run a program for recalculation of
planned depreciation.
What are evaluation groups?
The evaluation groups are an option for classifying assets for reports or
user defined match code (search code). You can configure 5 different
evaluation groups. You can update these evaluation groups on to the
asset master record.
What are group assets?
The tax requirements in some countries require calculation of
depreciation at a higher group or level of assets. For this purpose you
can group assets together into so-called group assets.
What are the steps to be taken into account during a depreciation
run to ensure that the integration with the general ledger works
smoothly?
For each depreciation area and company code, specify the following:
1 The frequency of posting depreciation(monthly,quarterly etc)
2 CO account assignment (cost center)
3 For each company code you must define a document type for
automatic depreciation posting: This document type requires its
own external number range.
4 You also need to specify the accounts for posting. (Account
determination)
Finally to ensure consistency between Asset Accounting and Financial
Accounting, you must process the batch input session created by the
posting report. If you fail to process the batch input session, an error
message will appear at the next posting run.
The depreciation calculation is a month end process which is run in
batches and then once the batch input is run the system posts the
accounting entries into Finance.
How do you change fiscal year in Asset Accounting?
n Run The fiscal year change program which would open new annual
value fields for each asset. i e next year
 The earliest you can start this program is in the last posting period of
the current year.
 You have to run the fiscal year change program for your whole
company code.
 You can only process a fiscal year change in a subsequent year if the
previous year has already been closed for business.
Take care not to confuse the fiscal year change program with year-end
closing for accounting purposes. This fiscal year change is needed only in
Asset Accounting for various technical reasons.
Is it possible to have depreciation calculated to the day?
Yes it is possible. You need to switch on the indicator Dep to the day in
the depreciation key configuration.
Is it possible to ensure that no capitalization be posted in the
subsequent years?
Yes it is possible. You need to set it in the depreciation key
configuration.
How are Capital Work in Progress and Assets accounted for in SAP?
Capital WIP is referred to as Assets under Construction in SAP and are
represented by a specific Asset class. Usually depreciation is not charged
on Capital WIP.
All costs incurred on building a capital asset can be booked to an
Internal Order and through the settlement procedure can be posted onto
an Asset Under Construction. Subsequently on the actual readiness of
the asset for commercial production, the Asset Under Construction gets
capitalized to an actual asset.
The company has procured 10 cars. You want to create asset
masters for each of this car. How do you create 10 asset masters at
the same time?
While creating asset master there is a field on the initial create screen
called as number of similar assets. Update this field with 10. When you
finally save this asset master you will get a pop up asking whether you
want to maintain different texts for these assets. You can update
different details for all the 10 cars.
FI-MM-SD Integration
How do you go about setting the FI MM account determination ?
FI MM settings are maintained in transaction code OBYC. Within these
there are various transaction keys to be maintained like BSX, WRX,
GBB, PRD etc. In each of these transaction keys you specify the GL
accounts which gets automatically passed at the time of entry.
Few examples could be: BSX- Stands for Inventory Posting Debit
GBB-Standsfor Goods Issue/Scrapping/delivery
of goods etc
PRD- Stands for Price Differences.
At what level is the FI-MM, FI-SD account determination settings?
They are at the chart of accounts level.
What are the additional settings required while maintaining or
creating the GL codes for Inventory accounts?
In the Inventory GL accounts (Balance sheet) you should switch on the
Post automatically only tick. It is also advisable to maintain the
aforesaid setting for all FI-MM accounts and FI-SD accounts. This helps
in preserving the sanctity of those accounts and prevents from having
any difference between FI and MM, FI and SD.
What is Valuation and Account assignment in SAP?
This is actually the link between Materials Management and Finance.
The valuation in SAP can be at the plant level or the company code level.
If you define valuation at the plant level then you can have different
prices for the same material in the various plants. If you keep it at the
company code level you can have only price across all plants.
Valuation also involves the Price Control .Each material is assigned to a
material type in Materials Management and every material is valuated
either in Moving Average Price or Standard Price in SAP. These are the
two types of price control available.
What is Valuation Class?
The Valuation Class in the Accounting 1 View in Material Master is the
main link between Material Master and Finance. This Valuation Class
along with the combination of the transaction keys (BSX,WRX,GBB,PRD )
defined above determine the GL account during posting.
We can group together different materials with similar properties by
valuation class. Eg Raw material,Finsihed Goods, Semi Finished
We can define the following assignments in customizing :
All materials with same material type are assigned to just one valuation
class.
Different materials with the same material type can be assigned to
different valuation classes.
Materials with different material types are assigned to a single valuation
class.
Can we change the valuation class in the material master once it is
assigned?
Once a material is assigned to a valuation class in the material master
record, we can change it only if the stocks for that material are nil. If the
stock exists for that material, then we cannot change the valuation class.
In such a case, if the stock exists, we have to transfer the stocks or issue
the stocks and make the stock nil for the specific valuation class. Then
only we will be able to change the valuation class.
Does the moving average price change in the material master during
issue of the stock assuming that the price control for the material is
Moving Average?
The moving average price in the case of goods issue remains unchanged.
Goods issue are always valuated at the current moving average price. It
is only in goods receipt that the moving average price might change. A
goods issue only reduces the total quantity and the total value in relation
to the price and the moving price remains unchanged. Also read the
next question to learn more about this topic.
If the answer to the above question is Yes, then list the scenario in
which the moving average price of the material in the material
master changes when the goods are issued.
The moving average price in the material master changes in the scenario
of Split Valuation which is sometimes used by many organizations. If the
material is subject to split valuation, the material is managed as Several
partial stocks and each partial stock is valuated separately.
In split valuation, the material with valuation header record will have v
moving average price. This is where the individual stocks of a material
are managed cumulatively. Here two valuation types are created, one
valuation type can have v (MAP) and the other valuation type can have
s(standard price).
In this case, whenever the goods are issued from the respective valuation
types, always the MAP for the valuation header changes.
What is the accounting entry in the Financial books of accounts
when the goods are received in unrestricted use stock? Also
mention the settings to be done in the Automatic postings in SAP
for the specific G/L accounts.
On receipt of the goods in unrestricted-use stock, the Inventory account
is debited and the GR/IR account gets credited. In customization, in the
automatic postings, the Inventory G/L account is assigned to the
Transaction event key BSX and the GR/IR account is assigned to the
Transaction event key WRX.
If a material has no material code in SAP, can you default the G/L
account in Purchase order or it has to be manually entered?.
If a material has no material code in SAP, we can still, default the G/L
account with the help of material groups. We can assign the valuation
class to a material group and then in FI-automatic posting, we can
assign the relevant G/L account in the Transaction event key. The
assignment of a valuation class to a material group enables the system to
determine different G/L accounts for the individual material groups.
What is the procedure in SAP for Initial stock uploading? Mention
the accounting entries also.
Initial stock uploading in SAP from the legacy system is done with
inventory movement type 561( a MM transaction which is performed).
Material valuated at standard price: For a material valuated at
standard price, the initial entry of inventory data is valuated on the basis
of standard price in the material master. If you enter an alternative value
at the time of the movement type 561, then the system posts the
difference to the price difference account.
Material valuated at moving average price: The initial entry of
inventory data is valuated as follows : If you enter a value when
uploading the initial data, the quantity entered is valuated at this price.
If you do not enter a value when entering initial data, then the quantity
entered is valuated at the MAP present in the material master.
The accounting entries are: Inventory account is debited and Inventory
Historical upload account is credited.
How do you configure FI-SD account determination?
The FI-SD account determination happens through an access sequence.
The system goes about finding accounts from more specific criteria to
less specific criteria.
This is the sequence it would follow:
1) It will first access and look for the combination of Customer
accounts assignment grp/ Material account assignment grp/
Account key.
2) If it does not find the accounts for the first combination it will look
for Customer account assignment grp and account key
combination.
3) Furthermore, if it does not find accounts for the first 2 criterias
then it will look for Material account assignment grp/Account key.
4) If it does not find accounts for the all earlier criterias then finally it
will look for Account key and assign the GL code.
Thus posting of Sales Invoices into FI are effected on the basis of a
combination of Sales organization, Account type, or Customer and
Material Account assignment groups and following are the options
available.
a. Customer AAG/Material AAG/Account type
b. Material AAG/Account type
c. Customer AAG/Account type
For each of this option you can define a Gl account. Thus the system
uses this gl account to automatically pass the entries.
Logistics Invoice Verification
Can you assign multiple G/L accounts in the Purchase order for the
same line item?
Yes, we can assign multiple G/L accounts in the Purchase order for the
same line item. The costs can be allocated on a percentage or quantity
basis. If the partial goods receipt and partial invoice receipt has already
taken place, then the partial invoice amount can be distributed
proportionally, i.e. evenly among the account assigned items of a
Purchase order. Alternatively the partial invoice amount can be
distributed on a progressive fill-up basis, i.e. the invoiced amount is
allocated to the individual account assignment items one after the other.
What is Credit memo and subsequent debit in Logistics Invoice
verification?
The term credit memo refers to the credit memo from the vendor.
Therefore posting a credit memo always leads to a debit posting on the
vendor account. Credit memos are used if the quantity invoiced is higher
than the quantity received or if part of the quantity was returned.
Accounting entries are : Vendor account is debited and GR/IR account is
credited.
Subsequent debit : If a transaction has already been invoiced and
additional costs are invoiced later, then subsequent debit is necessary. In
this case you can debit the material with additional costs, i.e. GR/IR
account debit and Vendor account credit. When entering the Subsequent
debit, if there is no sufficient stock coverage, only the portion for the
available stock gets posted to the stock account and rest is posted to the
price difference account.
What do you mean by Invoice parking, Invoice saving and Invoice
confirmation?
Invoice parking : Invoice Parking is a functionality which allows you to
create incomplete documents and the system does not check whether the
entries are balanced or not. An accounting documents is also not created
when the invoice is in parked mode.
Thus you can create incomplete documents and then post it later to
accounting when you feel it is complete. You can even rectify the Parked
invoice. This feature is used by many companies as on many occasions
all data relating to the invoice might not be available.
Invoice saving : This is also called Invoice processing or Invoice posting.
The accounting document gets created when the invoice is posted in SAP.
Invoice confirmation : There is no terminology in SAP as Invoice
confirmation.
What are Planned delivery costs and Unplanned delivery costs?
Planned delivery costs: are entered at the time of Purchase order. At
goods receipt, a provision is posted to the freight or customs clearing
account.
e.g. FRE is the account key for freight condition, hence the system can
post the freight charges to the relevant freight revenue account and FR3
is the account key for Customs duty, hence the system can post the
customs duty to the relevant G/L account.
These account keys are assigned to the specific condition types in the
MM Pricing schema.
In terms of Invoice verification : If the freight vendor and the material
vendor is the same : then we can choose the option : Goods service items
+ Planned delivery costs.
If the freight vendor is different from the material vendor: then for
crediting only the delivery costs, we can choose the option: Planned
delivery costs.
Unplanned delivery costs: are the costs which are not specified in the
Purchase order and are only entered when you enter the invoice.
What is the basis on which the apportionment is done of unplanned
delivery costs?
Unplanned delivery costs are either uniformly distributed among the
items or posted to a separate G/L account.
For a material subjected to Moving average price, the unplanned delivery
costs are posted to the stock account, provided sufficient stock coverage
exists.
For a material subjected to Standard price, the unplanned delivery costs
are posted to the Price difference account.
There are cases where Invoice verification is done first before the
Goods receipt is made for the purchase order . In these cases with
what values would the Goods receipt be posted ?
Since the invoice verification has been done first the Goods Receipts will
be valued with the Invoice value.
FI Month End Closing Activities
What are the Month End Closing Activities in Finance?
1. Recurring Documents.
a) Create Recurring documents
b) Create Batch Input for Posting Recurring Documents
c) Run the Batch Input Session
2. Posting Accruals or Provisions entries at month end
3. Managing the GR/IR Account-Run the GR/Ir Automatic Clearing
4. Foreign Currency Open Item Revaluation-Revalue Open Items in
AR.AP
5. Maintain Exchange Rates
6. Run Balance Sheets Run Financial Statement Version
7. Reclassify Payables and Receivables if necessary
8. Run the Depreciation Calculation
9. Fiscal Year Change of Asset Accounting if it is year end
10. Run the Bank Reconciliation
11. Open Next Accounting Period
Controlling Module
Explain the organizational assignment in the controlling module?
Company codes are assigned to the controlling area. A controlling area
is assigned to the operating concern.
Controlling Area is the umbrella under which all controlling activities of
Cost Center Accounting, Product costing, Profitability Analysis and Profit
Center are stored.
Operating Concern is the highest node in Profitability Analysis
What is primary Cost element and secondary cost element?
Every Profit and Loss GL account that needs to be controlled has to be
defined as a cost element in SAP. Just as in FI General Ledger Accounts
exist, in Controlling we have Cost element.
Each FI General Ledger Account that is a Profit and Loss Account is also
created as a Cost element in SAP.
Primary Cost Elements are those which are created from FI general
Ledger Accounts and impact the financial accounts eg. Travelling
expenses, consumption account infact, any Profit and Loss GL account
Secondary Cost Elements are those which are created only in
controlling and does not affect the financials of the company. It is used
for internal reporting only. The postings to these accounts do not affect
the Profit or Loss of the company.
The following categories exist for secondary cost elements:
21 Internal Settlement:
Cost elements of this category is used to settle order costs to objects in
controlling such as cost centers, pa segments etc.
31 Order/Results Analysis:
Used to calculate WIP on the order/project
41 Overhead
Used to calculate indirect costs from cost centers to orders
42. Assessment
Used to calculate costs during assessment
43 Internal Activity Allocation
Used to allocate costs during internal activity allocation such as Machine
Labour etc
What are cost objects?
A cost object means a cost or a revenue collector wherein all the costs or
revenues are collected for a particular cost object. Examples of this could
be cost center, production order, internal order, projects, sales order
So whenever you look at any controlling function the basic thing you
need to ask yourself is What is the cost element(expense) I want to
control and what is the cost object ( i.e. either the production order, sales
order, internal order) I am using to control this cost element. Sounds
confusing read it again it is very simple
Controlling is all about knowing the cost element and the cost
object. Every time pose this question to yourself what is the cost
element what is the cost object.
At the end of the period all costs or revenues in the cost object are settled
to their respective receivers which could be a gl account, a cost center,
profitability analysis or asset.
It is very important that you understand this otherwise you would
struggle to understand Controlling.
Cost Center Accounting:
How is cost center accounting related to profit center?
In the master data of the Cost Center there is a provision to enter the
profit center. This way all costs which flow to the cost center are also
captured in the profit center.
Cost centers are basically created to capture costs e.g. admin cost center,
canteen cost center etc
Profit centers are created to capture cost and revenue for a particular
plant, business unit or product line.
What is a cost element group?
Cost element group is nothing but a group of cost elements which help
one to track and control cost more effectively. You can make as many
number of cost element groups as you feel necessary by combining
various logical cost elements.
What is a cost center group?
In a similar line the cost center group is also a group of cost centers
which help one to track and control the cost of a department more
effectively. You can make as many number of cost centers as you feel
necessary by combining various logical cost centers
Infact you can use various combinations of cost center group with the
cost element group to track and control your costs per department or
across departments
What is the difference between Distribution and Assessment?
Distribution uses the original cost element for allocating cost to the
sender cost center. Thus on the receiving cost center we can see the
original cost element from the sender cost center. Distribution only
allocates primary cost.
Assessment uses assessment cost element No 43 defined above to
allocate cost. Thus various costs are summarized under a single
assessment cost element. In receiver cost center the original cost
breakup from sender is not available. Assessment allocates both primary
as well as secondary cost.
What are the other activities in Cost center?
If you have a manufacturing set up, entering of Activity prices per cost
center/activity type is an important exercise undertaken in Cost center
accounting.
What is an Activity Type?
Activity types classify the activities produced in the cost centers.
Examples of Activity Type could be Machine, Labour, Utilities
You want to calculate the activity price through system? What are
the requirements for that?
In the activity type master you need to select price indicator 1 Plan
price, automatically based on activity.
When activity price is calculated through system whether activity
price is shown as fixed or variable?
Normally when activity price is calculated through system it is shown as
fixed activity price since primary cost are planned as activity independent
costs.
What is required to be done if activity price is to be shown both
fixed and variable?
In this case you need to plan both activity independent cost which are
shown as fixed costs and activity dependent costs which are shown as
variable costs.
Is it possible to calculate the planned activity output through
system?
Yes. It is possible to calculate the planned activity output through
system by using Long term Planning process in PP module.
Explain the process of calculating the planned activity output
through Long term planning?
In Long term planning process the planned production quantities are
entered for the planning year in a particular scenario. The Long term
planning is executed for the scenario. This generates the planned activity
requirements taking the activity quantities from the routing and
multiplying with the planned production.
The activity requirements are then transferred to the controlling module
as scheduled activity quantities. Thereafter you execute a plan activity
reconciliation which will reconcile the schedule activity and the activity
you have planned manually. The reconciliation program updates the
scheduled activity quantity as the planned activity in the controlling
module.
You want to revalue the production orders using actual activity
prices. Is there any configuration setting?
Yes. There is a configuration setting to be done.
Where is the configuration setting to be done for carrying out
revaluation of planned activity prices in various cost objects?
The configuration setting is to be done in the cost center accounting
version maintenance for fiscal year. This has to be maintained for version
0. You need to select revalue option either using own business
transaction or original business transaction.
At month end you calculate actual activity prices in the system.
You want to revalue the production orders with this actual activity
prices. What are the options available in the system for revaluation?
The options available are as follows:-
You can revalue the transactions using periodic price, average price or
cumulative price.
Further you can revalue the various cost objects as follows:-
Own business transaction Differential entries are posted
Original business transaction The original business transaction is
changed.
Internal orders
What is the purpose of defining Internal orders.?
An example would help us understand this much better.
Lets say in an organization there are various events such as trade fairs,
training seminars, which occur during the year. Now lets assume for a
second that these Trade fairs are organized by the Marketing cost center
of the organization. Therefore in this case marketing cost center is
responsible for all the trade fairs costs. All these trade fairs costs are
posted to the marketing cost centers. Now if the management wants an
analysis of the cost incurred for each of the trade fair organized by
the marketing cost center how would the marketing manager get
this piece of information across to them? The cost center report
would not give this piece of info
Now this is where Internal Order steps in .If you go through all cost
center reports this information is not readily available since all the costs
are posted to the cost center.
SAP, therefore provides the facility of using internal orders which comes
in real handy in such situations. In the above scenario the controlling
department would then need to create an internal order for each of the
trade fair organized. The cost incurred for each of the trade fair will be
posted to the internal orders during the month. At the month end, these
costs which are collected in the internal order will be settled from these
orders to the marketing cost center. Thus the controlling person is now
in a position to analyze the cost for each of the trade fair separately.
Thus internal order is used to monitor costs for short term events,
activities. It helps in providing more information than that is provided on
the cost centers. It can be widely used for various purposes .
How can you default certain items while creation of internal order
master data?
You can do so by creating a model order and then update the fields
which you want to default in this model order. Finally attach this model
order in the internal order type in the field reference order.
Once the above is done whenever you create an internal order for this
order type the field entries will get copied from the model order.
What is the configuration setting for the release of the internal
order immediately after creation?
You have to check the release immediately check box in the
internal order type.
Product Costing
What are the important Terminologies in Product Costing?:
Results Analysis Key This key determines how the Work in Progress is
calculated
Cost Components - The break up of the costs which get reflected in
the product costing eg. Material Cost, Labour Cost, Overhead etc
Costing Sheets - This is used to calculate the overhead in
Controlling
Costing Variant - For All manufactured products the price control
recommended is Standard Price. To come up with this standard price for
the finished good material this material has to be costed. This is done
using Costing Variant. Further questions down below will explain this
concept better.
What are the configuration settings maintained in the costing
variant?
Costing variant forms the link between the application and Customizing,
since all cost estimates are carried out and saved with reference to a
costing variant. The costing variant contains all the control parameters
for costing.
The configuration parameters are maintained for costing type, valuation
variants, date control, and quantity structure control.
In costing type we specify which field in the material master should be
updated.
In valuation variant we specify the following
a) the sequence or order the system should go about accessing
prices for the material master (planned price, standard price,
moving average price etc).
b) It also contains which price should be considered for activity price
calculation and .
c) How the system should select BOM and routing.
How does SAP go about costing a Product having multiple Bill of
materials within it?
SAP first costs the lowest level product, arrives at the cost and then goes
and cost the next highest level and finally arrives at the cost of the final
product.
What does the concept of cost roll up mean in product costing
context?
The purpose of the cost roll up is to include the cost of goods
manufactured of all materials in a multilevel production structure at the
topmost level of the BOM(Bill of Material)
The costs are rolled up automatically using the costing levels.
1) The system first calculates the costs for the materials with the
lowest costing level and assigns them to cost components.
2) The materials in the next highest costing level (such as semifinished
materials) are then costed. The costs for the materials
costed first are rolled up and become part of the material costs of
the next highest level.
What is a settlement profile and why is it needed?
All the costs or revenues which are collected in the Production order or
Sales order for example have to be settled to a receiver at the end of the
period. This receiver could be a Gl account, a cost center, profitability
analysis or asset. Also read the question What is a cost object in the
section Controlling.
In order to settle the costs of the production order or sales order a
settlement profile is needed.
In a settlement profile you define a range of control parameters for
settlement. You must define the settlement profile before you can enter a
settlement rule for a sender.
The Settlement Profile is maintained in the Order Type and defaults
during creating of order.
Settlement profile includes:-
1) the retention period for the settlement documents.
2) Valid receivers GL account, cost center, order, WBS element, fixed
asset, material, profitability segment, sales order, cost objects, order
items, business process
3) Document type is also attached here
4) Allocation structure and PA transfer structure is also attached to the
settlement profile e.g. A1
The settlement profile created is then attached to the order type.
What is Transfer or Allocation structure?
The transfer structure is what helps in settling the cost from one cost
object to the receiver. It is maintained in the Settlement profile defined
above.
The Transfer structure has 2 parts:
a) Source of cost elements you want to settle
b) Target receiver whether it is a Profitability segment or fixed asset or
cost center
So basically for settling the costs of a cost object you need
to define the Transfer structure where you mention what
are the costs you want to settle and the target receiver for
that.
This information you fit it in the settlement profile which
contains various other parameters and this settlement
profile is defaulted in the Order type. So every time a
order is executed the relevant settlement rule is stored
and at the month end by running the transaction of the
settlement of orders all the cost is passed on to the
receiver
So to put in simple terms:
a) You define your cost object which could be a
production order a sales order for eg
b) You collect costs or revenues for it
c) You determine where you want to pass these costs or
revenues to for eg if the sales order is the cost object
all the costs or revenues of a sales order could be
passed to Profitability Analysis
What do you mean by primary cost compon

Not able to see hierarchial org structure by clicking on Expand this branch

Dear experts,
I am currently using the Online data extraction via sap for Nakisa Integration with SAP Landscape.
I have completed the configuration of Nakisa with the help of configuration guide and administrator guide - After completing administrator steps the org chart is visible - When i navigate to the org structure i can see the org unit under the org structure root that i configured as an administrator in the general settings section.
When i click the + sign ie on expand this branch i am not able to see all teh org units under the displayed branch.
Can you please guide me regarding how one can view the org structure below the selected branch when i click on expand this branch section.
Manager Personnel Id is not maintained for this org unit - Should the user clicking on the expand this branch be the manager of the org unit to see the org structure.
Regards
HKishan

Dear Luke,
I am not able to see that navigation icons within an org chart box - The org unit that is displayed on clicking the orgchart does have branches in SAP but i am not able to see these navigation icons that lead me to these branches.
Is there any specific step that needs to be done to see these branches.
By the way what is the log file you are refering to is it the "PresentationResources.xml " or is it any other log file.
Regards
Hkishan

Financial Accounting - Org. Structure

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