I should know this...
I can't seem to find where I can adjust the number of rings (or time) my iPhone rings until voice mail kicks in... that, combined with (in my opinion) the low volume of the iPhone... I'm always missing calls. Surely there must be a way to do this???
You might want to also refer to this thread about ringer volume resetting itself and some fixes that people are trying: http://discussions.apple.com/thread.jspa?threadID=1599434&tstart=125
Similar Messages
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Ive been using logic for a while now and this has never been a problem. When I record audio lets say vocals and I have the overlap option on, when we swing around for a new take because he or she mess up why does the audio underneath not go away. Answer: Because I have overlap on. True or False. Ok so now we lay vocals again he needs two tracks to get his 16 bars down. So after all is said and done I try to slice the start and end points so I can combine the tracks, But the other takes are getting in the way. Like when I select a certain region to move it, the other mistakes start to show and I cant seem to get rid of them. From now on Im going to delete any take we dont use right then and there during the time of recording. Im not into being spoon feed, just help me define what it is Im doing so I can know what to look for in the manual. Is it under managing audio or what. Thanks to all. I know this is something by now I should understand but hay what can I say.
mvee.
FYI, you probably would benefit from using "replace mode". This is enabled by clicking on the orange X in the transport.
This will make Logic behave more like a tape machine, in that any punch ins will replace the audio its recording over. The main difference from a tape machine though, is that the audio is still on the hard drive. You can either simply undo, or "peel back" the original audio.
Also, understanding that Logic can have many tracks assigned to the same audio object will help here, if you were unaware.
So each time you take a new pass at the vocal, simply mute the previous track, and record on the new track (same audio object) This way, you don't have multiple passes piling up on top of each other, should you decide to work that way. -
I should know this by now–timed out port?
I recently moved and I can no longer receive/send mail from my MacBook Pro.
When I click on the triangle to the right of my Inbox, the following message pops up:
Unable to Connect
There may be a problem with the mail server or network.
Verify the settings for account "MobileMe" or try again.
The server returned the error: The connection to the server
"p03-imap.mail.me.com" on port 993 timed out.
STAY OFFLINE TAKE ALL ACCOUNTS ONLINE
I'm not sure I've ever seen the p03- in my incoming mail server address before. My instinct would be to go in and try and delete that but the entire box is gray-ed over so it cannot be changed nor edited.mvee.
FYI, you probably would benefit from using "replace mode". This is enabled by clicking on the orange X in the transport.
This will make Logic behave more like a tape machine, in that any punch ins will replace the audio its recording over. The main difference from a tape machine though, is that the audio is still on the hard drive. You can either simply undo, or "peel back" the original audio.
Also, understanding that Logic can have many tracks assigned to the same audio object will help here, if you were unaware.
So each time you take a new pass at the vocal, simply mute the previous track, and record on the new track (same audio object) This way, you don't have multiple passes piling up on top of each other, should you decide to work that way. -
While Updating to Fire Fox 4. It said Adobe Acrobat -Create PDF 1.0 is not supported.How come 3.6 supports but not 4. I believe you people have never heard of the term "Backward Compatibility" .U people will loose your customer/support base if every new version doesn't support some existing stuff.
'''Problem Solved FINALLY !'''
Solution:
I just updated my '''Adobe Acrobat X Pro''' to '''Version 10.1.0'''.By the way, I have to complain, Adobe is really slow in solving this problem...
Here is the official link for the Adobe Acrobat update.[http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/detail.jsp?ftpID=5135 <click me!>http://www.adobe.com/support/downloads/detail.jsp?ftpID=5135<click me!>]
After update, the extention changed from "Adobe Acrobat -Create PDF 1.0" into "Adobe Acrobat - Create PDF 1.1". And the '''"Adobe Acrobat - Create PDF 1.1" is compatiable with the firefox 4.0.1'''. A screenshot is attached as a proof. -
Silly question - I should know this ....
When my Mac boots, I have a couple of servers which are in the login items, so they auto-mount on the desktop. One is the Time Capsule disc and another is a Windoze PC shared drive. All works fine.
The only annoying bit is that on boot, the servers auto mount and open a finder window to show the contents - even if I close the window down before shutdown, or anything else, the same windows pop up on automount.
Anyone know what I need to do so just the server icons mount, but the annoying Finder window don't appear ?
ThanksOpen the Script Editor in the /Applications/AppleScript/ folder and enter:
delay 5--time in seconds
tell application "Finder"
close window 1
close window 1
end tell
Save it as an application and add it as a login item.
(47516) -
I should know this but is iLife included with Lion?
I have a 2008 iMac 24" and upgraded to Lion today, iLife 08 was installed when I received the machine and I never upgraded to iLife 09. After upgrading this morning I was surprised to see that ILife 11 did not appear, was iLife 11 including in the Lion install? Is there something I am missing on upgrading to the newest version of iLife. Thanks.
bobwild wrote:
iLife and Lion are independent of each other. You upgraded Lion and that does not include iLife. You have to upgrade ($$$) to iLife 11 if you want it.
With the App Store, you can now select the iLife App's you want, so if only iPhoto is needed, cost is $15 -
Display a tooltip over a word [was: I should know this....]
I don't remember what it's called or how to do it.
I want to create a little text bubble that appears on mouseover a particular word, similar to the Alt text that appears upon mouseover an image.
The word I want to mouseover may or may not be a link - not sure yet.
Thanks for your help.
J
[Subject line edited by moderator to indicate nature of question]The delay is set automatically by the browser. To get a faster response, you can use CSS. You'll find a lot of results if you Google "CSS tooltips".
Unfortunately, IE6 supports the :hover pseudo-class only on links. If you're using Dreamweaver CS4, you can use the Spry Tooltip widget, which works cross-browser (as long as JavaScript is enabled). -
Hi, I don't really know wether I should post this message in the iPad sect
Hi,
I don't really know wether I should post this message in the iPad section or in this section... Anyway.
Here is my problem :
I would like to stream music from my iPad to my living room soundsystem, so I bought an Airport Express. BUT my router is upstairs, and I can't set up a permanent Ethernet connection between my router & Airport Express.
So my question is : Is it possible to set up the Airport Express as a "distinct network" (not connected to the internet) and Have the iPad connect on Both networks ?
* my usual LAN to surf the net & everything else
* The airport Network to stream music to the soundsystem
If my setup is wrong, i'm obviously open to any advice... Just keep in mind that I can't have a wired connection between the Airport Express & the Router...
Many thanks in advance for your answers.Before to close this topic and mark it as solved, I will explain the whole process, so if you find this, you can try it directly... French version hereunder.
Hardware setup :
- Bbox2 Modem router provided by my ISP
- PC with latest version of Airport Utility
- Airport Express connected to amplifier (Jack - Double RCA) and to the router through Ethernet (the whole purpose of this is to remove this Ethernet cable).
Before you begin :
Open your router configuration utility (typically 192.168.1.1 or 192.168.0.1 in your browser). Change your network password (by default, mine was the 26 characters WEP key - 13 letters and 13 numbers). Choose a 13 characters password. I chose one with 7 letters followed by 6 numbers. Waring : This operation might (should ?) crash your current internet connexion and you may experience problems reconnectiong. Under Win 7, Go to the properties --> security of your network to type your new password & connect again.
Once this is done :
1. Open the Airport Utility on your computer
2. Do a "hard reset" of the Airport Express" (AE) using a pen or a paperclip --> the AE disappears from the Airport utility, then shows up again.
3. Select "replace the settings with default settings" to clean up the mess your previous attempts might have caused
4. You're back to the default configuration
5. On the Airport utility window you see now, invent a new password for the AE & clic continue
6. Select "I want AE to join my current network" (3rd option), clic on "Continue".
7. Select "I want AE to wirelessly join my current network" (1st Option), clic on continue
8. Select your network in the drop down menu and select "WEP 128 bits" as encryption mode (Your network obviously has to use WEP encryption. If it's not the case, go back to your router management utility and set the security to WEP or write another tutorial
9. Clic on "Update"
10. Watch your LAN crash
11. Say "What the F**" and unplug the Ethernet cable from the AE. Your LAN should get better very quickly.
12. Accidentally unplug the AE from the wall. Plug it again quickly with 2 or 3 "Sh** !"
You're done !
French version :
Préalable :
Configuration hardware :
- Modem router Bbox2 fourni par mon FAI (Belgacom)
- PC avec la dernière version de Airport Utility
- Airport Express connecté à un ampli (Jack - Double cinch) et au routeur via un câble Ethernet (le but de la manoeuvre est de virer ledit câble Ethernet)
Ouvrir l'utilitaire de configuration de votre routeur (192.198.1.1 dans le navigateur par exemple) et changer là le mot de passe du réseau (anciennement chez moi : la clé WEP de 26 caractères) en choisissant un mot de passe d'exactement 13 caractères (chiffres et lettres mêlées ont fonctionné pour moi). Attention, cette opération peut avoir des retombées un peu bizarres sur votre connexion... Deux redémarrages de Bbox et pas mal d'essais de reconnexion m'ont été nécessaires.
Une fois cela fait :
1. Ouvrez l'Airport utility
2. Opérez un Hard reset de l'airport avec un trombone --> l'AE disparait de l'utility, puis réapparaît
3. Sélectionner "Replace the settings with default settings" histoire de virer tout merdier d'essais précédents.
4. Vous êtes de retour à la configuration "de base"
5. Sur l'écran qui s'affiche alors, inventez un nouveau mot de passe pour l'AE puis Cliquez sur "continuer"
6. Sélectionnez "I want Export Express to Join my current network (3ième option)" puis cliquez sur "continuer"
7. Choisissez "I want AE to wirelessly Join my current network (1ière option)" puis cliquez sur "continuer"
8. Sélectionnez votre réseau dans la liste déroulante et sélectionnez "WEP" comme mode de cryptage (il faut évidemment que votre réseau soit crypté en WEP. Si ce n'est pas le cas, passez en WEP ou faites un nouveau tuto...
9. Cliquez sur "Update"
10. Regardez votre réseau local se planter en beauté...
11. Débranchez le câble de l'AE. Le réseau local devrait se sentir beaucoup mieux
12. Retirez accidentellement l'AE de la prise. Rebranchez-le vite fait avec 2-3 "Mert".
You're done ! -
I can't help thinking i should know the answer to this...
How do I initiallise a long string across more than one line in the editor?
(CVI 5.0.1).Ta very much. Thought I should know ;-)
> I guess you are talking about setting an intial value for a string in
> the source editor. If so, you just close the quotes at the end of the
> line and reopen them on the next line. For example:
>
> char message[100] = "We create innovative computer-based "
> "products that improve everyday life. ";
>
> Best Regards,
>
> Chris Matthews
> Measurement Studio Support Manager -
Can you print from an iPad 2 using 3G in a home with no other computer or wifi by using an iPhone 5 hot spot connection if the printer has been set up in another place with live wifi? I know this question is loaded but my dad lives in a rural area and is wanting a printer to use occasionally. He doesn't want to deal with a computer and I keep his iPad updated for him at my home. Please shed some light on this for us PLEASE. Thanks
In that case, it should be possible. I haven't tried this directly, but I believe it should work.
You'll need to get an actual AirPrint compatible Printer.
Check here for a list of Printers you can choose from.
http://support.apple.com/kb/ht4356
Once you have the compatible printer, using the Hotspot feature from the iPhone he'll have to create the Wifi bubble form the iPhone, and connect the Printer to that Wifi network.
Then connect the iPad to that same Wifi network provided by the iPhone. When all that is done, the printer should appear in any of the Apps that can Print under the Action Arrow button.
For instance in email, pressing the action arrow should show a Print option. In there the printer should appear.
Alternatively you can simply buy a wireless router and setup the network through there even if there is no internet attached. Connect the wireless printer to the router network, and connect the iPad or iPhone to that same wifi network to print. -
Things to know before building a Mega 651 (and other things you should know afte
Okay, following hot on the heels of the "things to know" series on Mega 180 and 865, I thought I'd just chip in with this short post on what you should know before splashing out on a nice budget Mega 651
PROCESSOR SUPPORT:
The official list of supported CPUs can be found here:
http://www.msi.com.tw/program/products/slim_pc/slm/pro_slm_cpu_support_detail.php?UID=431&kind=4
Basically the ageing SiS651 chipset does not support Celeron / P4 cpus above 533mhz, and does NOT support the newer "Prescott" core cpus
Celeron > 400Mhz FSB
P4 Northwood > 533mhz FSB (512kb L2 cache)
MEMORY:
Basically to add to what is listed in the 865 "things to know"; from my own experience of using MSI motherboards in the past, ALWAYS use good quality branded memory, as using cheaper "generic" types inevitably leads to major problems. I know for a fact that Crucial, Kingston and Samsung types work well in MSI motherboards, and you should be okay with other high-end brands like Corsair and Geil.
DRIVERS:
DON'T bother using MSI LiveUpdate! The drivers provided on the cd supplied will work, but if you wish to download the latest drivers, you will find them here:
http://download.sis.com/
Download and install the:
Chipset Software > SiS AGP (Gart) Driver
IGP Graphics Drivers > SiS650 and 740 series
http://www.realtek.com.tw/downloads/dlac97-2.aspx?lineid=5&famid=12&series=8&Software=True
for Realtek AC97 Audio drivers
http://www.realtek.com.tw/downloads/downloads1-3.aspx?lineid=1&famid=3&series=16&Software=True
For Realtek Onboard Network interface
The modem drivers supplied on the CD should work, I really don't know much about them as I have never used them (sorry). Failing that, if you are connected to the internet, Windows Update should be able to find them for you.
OPERATING SYSTEM SUPPORT
MSI state that only Windows XP is supported on Mega 651 (and other Mega barebones). Other versions of Windows (98, ME, 2000) will work provided you have drivers for hardware devices, all of which are provided on the install CD or from the links supplied above.
You'll find that earlier versions of Windows won't have the drivers for the built-in card reader, so you may have to do a "google" search to get them. On my Mega 651, they are listed in Device Manager as "OEI-USB" devices.
If you haven't already got Windows XP then I suggest you consider upgrading at the earliest opportunity; Microsoft themselves no longer support Win 98 / ME and most new software is being designed to work only with Windows XP
Please note that MSI do NOT supply or support drivers for Linux; if you wish to attempt to install Linux on a Mega 651 (or other Mega PC model) you will need to obtain drivers yourself. The remote and LCD display functions will also not be available under Linux, unless some clever bod has developed drivers to do so.
MEGA RADIO AND LCD DISPLAY:
Download the Mega LiveUpdate for Mega 651 from here:
http://www.msi.com.tw/program/support/software/swr/spt_swr_detail.php?UID=431&kind=4
This will update your MEGA Radio program, update the BlueBird HIFi module firmware and allow you to set a "greeting" displayed on the LCD display when you switch on HiFi mode. Apart from that the LCD display serves NO other purpose in PC mode.
After updating the firmware, you should power off your Mega 651, unplug the mains power cord for a few seconds then reconnect and restart for changes to take place.
OTHER MSI SOFTWARE:
If you REALLY must try out MSI Media Center III, it does work on the Mega 651, but I don't think the remote will work correctly.
Although PCAlert 4 has been reported to work on the Mega 651 - having read the numerous problems most users have, I don't advise installing it. If you do get it to work correctly, unlike on the Mega 180 and 865, it will not display temps or fan speeds on the LCD display, as this feature only works on the 180 and 865, as they use diferent LCD displays.
EXPANSION CARDS:
Same as with other Megas, you get 1 AGP and 1 PCI slot.
The AGP slot only supports up to 4x cards; a faster card will work, but only at 4x.
Space is limited, if you decide to fit a PCI TV tuner card, you will be limited as to which AGP card you can fit. A full length card is probably not recommended, and a model with a slimline (or even passive) heatsink would be best.
A better alternative would be to go for a VGA card with built in TV tuner, such as MSI TV5200-VTDF128 or an ATI Radeon All-In-Wonder card (ATI AIW is supported in WinXP MCE05)
ON-BOARD VGA
The SiS651 chipset is pretty old now, and the on-board SiS650 VGA is not up to playing any of the latest games, as it is only DirectX 7.0 compliant and does not support Hardware Texture & Lighting. However, it is adequate for playing back DVDs as it supports hardware acceleration (in PowerDVD for example), and general video output is decent. The maximum shared video memory size is 64mb.
The Mega 651 does NOT feature TV-out as standard. You can however either buy an AGP video card which includes TV-out feature, or the Mega TV-out card (availble in UK from www.dabs.com). Please note, this card is ONLY for Mega 651, and does NOT work with the 865 model. (The 180 does however, thanks to nforce2 chipset, support TV-out as standard)
ON-BOARD AUDIO
The Realtek ALC650 AC97 audio codec offers 5.1 surround sound (with suitable speakers of course ) as well as SP-DIF for digital output.
The sound quality is quite reasonable; i'm currently listening to MP3s through a set of Creative Inspire 5.1 speakers, and its certainly good enough for me.
There are three audio connectors on the rear, they default to:
GREEN - Front speakers
BLUE - Line In
PINK - Mic
To connect surround sound speakers correctly, you need to use the Realtek audio configuration tool (located in the Taskbar by the clock). Set the speaker config to 4 or 6 channel (5.1) and then click on the boxes to the right to configure the rear ports correctly
GREEN - Front speakers
BLUE - Rear Speakers
PINK - Subwoofer / Centre Speaker
NOTE: If you do decide you want to install a PCI soundcard, be aware that you will lose the Radio function in PC mode, and for audio output in Hi-Fi mode you will need to reconnect audio plugs from your soundcard to onboard sockets. The Hi-Fi mode and Radio only work with the onboard audio.
POWER SUPPLY
All the Mega series barebones come with a 200w PSU. Don't even think about upgrading to a higher output type, as the Mega PSU is a non-standard type. A standard ATX PSU will NOT physically fit inside the Mega case. Besides which, the Mega series have a special connector which powers the Bluebird hi-fi module and on-board sound when the PC is off. And there is a special Molex power connector for the CD/DVD drive, also for that to be used when PC is off.
WINDOWS XP MCE 2005
Media Center 2005 requires a DirectX 8.1 / 9.0 compliant video card with a minimum of 64mb RAM, 128mb RAM is recommended, however, for best performance. So you will need an AGP card, because SiS do not provide any MCE-compatible drivers. The TV@anywhere TV tuner (MS8606-10) and Mega TV Tuner (MS8606-40) are not supported by MCE05, because MCE2005 requires a TV card that will provide a direct MPEG2 stream, which a PVR card such as the Hauppage PVR MCE series can do (as a hardware card, MSIs card are software only and rely on drivers to do MPEG encoding), or a dedicated DVB-T card which receives an MPEG2 signal over the air.
MEGA 651 REMOTE
If you fit an MSI TV@anywhere card to your Mega 651, the Mega remote can be used to control the MSIPVS software, providing you use the remote receiver supplied with the TV@nywhere card. The Mega remote is designed to work natively with the MSI Media Center, and MSI Mega Radio programs only.
If you wish to program the remote to operate other programs within windows, then you will need a program called Girder, and the accompanying MSI plugin, kindly provided by nathan. please see his sticky thread for more info, about his plugin, and how to obtain Girder.
BROKEN HEATSINK MOUNTING CLIPS
https://forum-en.msi.com/index.php?topic=96148.0
Phew, thats about it. If any other Mega 651 users think I've missed anything out, please feel free to tell me.
For other general hints and tips, look through the "things to know" posts regarding the 865 and 180.
MEGA 651 =Quote
PROCESSOR SUPPORT:
The official list of supported CPUs can be found here:
http://www.msi.com.tw/program/products/slim_pc/slm/pro_slm_cpu_support_detail.php?UID=431&kind=4
Basically the ageing SiS651 chipset does not support Celeron / P4 cpus above 533mhz, and does NOT support the newer "Prescott" core cpus
Celeron > 400Mhz FSB
P4 Northwood > 533mhz FSB (512kb L2 cache)
your processor is not supported. please start a new thread if you need help -
What every developer should know about character encoding
This was originally posted (with better formatting) at Moderator edit: link removed/what-every-developer-should-know-about-character-encoding.html. I'm posting because lots of people trip over this.
If you write code that touches a text file, you probably need this.
Lets start off with two key items
1.Unicode does not solve this issue for us (yet).
2.Every text file is encoded. There is no such thing as an unencoded file or a "general" encoding.
And lets add a codacil to this – most Americans can get by without having to take this in to account – most of the time. Because the characters for the first 127 bytes in the vast majority of encoding schemes map to the same set of characters (more accurately called glyphs). And because we only use A-Z without any other characters, accents, etc. – we're good to go. But the second you use those same assumptions in an HTML or XML file that has characters outside the first 127 – then the trouble starts.
The computer industry started with diskspace and memory at a premium. Anyone who suggested using 2 bytes for each character instead of one would have been laughed at. In fact we're lucky that the byte worked best as 8 bits or we might have had fewer than 256 bits for each character. There of course were numerous charactersets (or codepages) developed early on. But we ended up with most everyone using a standard set of codepages where the first 127 bytes were identical on all and the second were unique to each set. There were sets for America/Western Europe, Central Europe, Russia, etc.
And then for Asia, because 256 characters were not enough, some of the range 128 – 255 had what was called DBCS (double byte character sets). For each value of a first byte (in these higher ranges), the second byte then identified one of 256 characters. This gave a total of 128 * 256 additional characters. It was a hack, but it kept memory use to a minimum. Chinese, Japanese, and Korean each have their own DBCS codepage.
And for awhile this worked well. Operating systems, applications, etc. mostly were set to use a specified code page. But then the internet came along. A website in America using an XML file from Greece to display data to a user browsing in Russia, where each is entering data based on their country – that broke the paradigm.
Fast forward to today. The two file formats where we can explain this the best, and where everyone trips over it, is HTML and XML. Every HTML and XML file can optionally have the character encoding set in it's header metadata. If it's not set, then most programs assume it is UTF-8, but that is not a standard and not universally followed. If the encoding is not specified and the program reading the file guess wrong – the file will be misread.
Point 1 – Never treat specifying the encoding as optional when writing a file. Always write it to the file. Always. Even if you are willing to swear that the file will never have characters out of the range 1 – 127.
Now lets' look at UTF-8 because as the standard and the way it works, it gets people into a lot of trouble. UTF-8 was popular for two reasons. First it matched the standard codepages for the first 127 characters and so most existing HTML and XML would match it. Second, it was designed to use as few bytes as possible which mattered a lot back when it was designed and many people were still using dial-up modems.
UTF-8 borrowed from the DBCS designs from the Asian codepages. The first 128 bytes are all single byte representations of characters. Then for the next most common set, it uses a block in the second 128 bytes to be a double byte sequence giving us more characters. But wait, there's more. For the less common there's a first byte which leads to a sersies of second bytes. Those then each lead to a third byte and those three bytes define the character. This goes up to 6 byte sequences. Using the MBCS (multi-byte character set) you can write the equivilent of every unicode character. And assuming what you are writing is not a list of seldom used Chinese characters, do it in fewer bytes.
But here is what everyone trips over – they have an HTML or XML file, it works fine, and they open it up in a text editor. They then add a character that in their text editor, using the codepage for their region, insert a character like ß and save the file. Of course it must be correct – their text editor shows it correctly. But feed it to any program that reads according to the encoding and that is now the first character fo a 2 byte sequence. You either get a different character or if the second byte is not a legal value for that first byte – an error.
Point 2 – Always create HTML and XML in a program that writes it out correctly using the encode. If you must create with a text editor, then view the final file in a browser.
Now, what about when the code you are writing will read or write a file? We are not talking binary/data files where you write it out in your own format, but files that are considered text files. Java, .NET, etc all have character encoders. The purpose of these encoders is to translate between a sequence of bytes (the file) and the characters they represent. Lets take what is actually a very difficlut example – your source code, be it C#, Java, etc. These are still by and large "plain old text files" with no encoding hints. So how do programs handle them? Many assume they use the local code page. Many others assume that all characters will be in the range 0 – 127 and will choke on anything else.
Here's a key point about these text files – every program is still using an encoding. It may not be setting it in code, but by definition an encoding is being used.
Point 3 – Always set the encoding when you read and write text files. Not just for HTML & XML, but even for files like source code. It's fine if you set it to use the default codepage, but set the encoding.
Point 4 – Use the most complete encoder possible. You can write your own XML as a text file encoded for UTF-8. But if you write it using an XML encoder, then it will include the encoding in the meta data and you can't get it wrong. (it also adds the endian preamble to the file.)
Ok, you're reading & writing files correctly but what about inside your code. What there? This is where it's easy – unicode. That's what those encoders created in the Java & .NET runtime are designed to do. You read in and get unicode. You write unicode and get an encoded file. That's why the char type is 16 bits and is a unique core type that is for characters. This you probably have right because languages today don't give you much choice in the matter.
Point 5 – (For developers on languages that have been around awhile) – Always use unicode internally. In C++ this is called wide chars (or something similar). Don't get clever to save a couple of bytes, memory is cheap and you have more important things to do.
Wrapping it up
I think there are two key items to keep in mind here. First, make sure you are taking the encoding in to account on text files. Second, this is actually all very easy and straightforward. People rarely screw up how to use an encoding, it's when they ignore the issue that they get in to trouble.
Edited by: Darryl Burke -- link removedDavidThi808 wrote:
This was originally posted (with better formatting) at Moderator edit: link removed/what-every-developer-should-know-about-character-encoding.html. I'm posting because lots of people trip over this.
If you write code that touches a text file, you probably need this.
Lets start off with two key items
1.Unicode does not solve this issue for us (yet).
2.Every text file is encoded. There is no such thing as an unencoded file or a "general" encoding.
And lets add a codacil to this – most Americans can get by without having to take this in to account – most of the time. Because the characters for the first 127 bytes in the vast majority of encoding schemes map to the same set of characters (more accurately called glyphs). And because we only use A-Z without any other characters, accents, etc. – we're good to go. But the second you use those same assumptions in an HTML or XML file that has characters outside the first 127 – then the trouble starts. Pretty sure most Americans do not use character sets that only have a range of 0-127. I don't think I have every used a desktop OS that did. I might have used some big iron boxes before that but at that time I wasn't even aware that character sets existed.
They might only use that range but that is a different issue, especially since that range is exactly the same as the UTF8 character set anyways.
>
The computer industry started with diskspace and memory at a premium. Anyone who suggested using 2 bytes for each character instead of one would have been laughed at. In fact we're lucky that the byte worked best as 8 bits or we might have had fewer than 256 bits for each character. There of course were numerous charactersets (or codepages) developed early on. But we ended up with most everyone using a standard set of codepages where the first 127 bytes were identical on all and the second were unique to each set. There were sets for America/Western Europe, Central Europe, Russia, etc.
And then for Asia, because 256 characters were not enough, some of the range 128 – 255 had what was called DBCS (double byte character sets). For each value of a first byte (in these higher ranges), the second byte then identified one of 256 characters. This gave a total of 128 * 256 additional characters. It was a hack, but it kept memory use to a minimum. Chinese, Japanese, and Korean each have their own DBCS codepage.
And for awhile this worked well. Operating systems, applications, etc. mostly were set to use a specified code page. But then the internet came along. A website in America using an XML file from Greece to display data to a user browsing in Russia, where each is entering data based on their country – that broke the paradigm.
The above is only true for small volume sets. If I am targeting a processing rate of 2000 txns/sec with a requirement to hold data active for seven years then a column with a size of 8 bytes is significantly different than one with 16 bytes.
Fast forward to today. The two file formats where we can explain this the best, and where everyone trips over it, is HTML and XML. Every HTML and XML file can optionally have the character encoding set in it's header metadata. If it's not set, then most programs assume it is UTF-8, but that is not a standard and not universally followed. If the encoding is not specified and the program reading the file guess wrong – the file will be misread.
The above is out of place. It would be best to address this as part of Point 1.
Point 1 – Never treat specifying the encoding as optional when writing a file. Always write it to the file. Always. Even if you are willing to swear that the file will never have characters out of the range 1 – 127.
Now lets' look at UTF-8 because as the standard and the way it works, it gets people into a lot of trouble. UTF-8 was popular for two reasons. First it matched the standard codepages for the first 127 characters and so most existing HTML and XML would match it. Second, it was designed to use as few bytes as possible which mattered a lot back when it was designed and many people were still using dial-up modems.
UTF-8 borrowed from the DBCS designs from the Asian codepages. The first 128 bytes are all single byte representations of characters. Then for the next most common set, it uses a block in the second 128 bytes to be a double byte sequence giving us more characters. But wait, there's more. For the less common there's a first byte which leads to a sersies of second bytes. Those then each lead to a third byte and those three bytes define the character. This goes up to 6 byte sequences. Using the MBCS (multi-byte character set) you can write the equivilent of every unicode character. And assuming what you are writing is not a list of seldom used Chinese characters, do it in fewer bytes.
The first part of that paragraph is odd. The first 128 characters of unicode, all unicode, is based on ASCII. The representational format of UTF8 is required to implement unicode, thus it must represent those characters. It uses the idiom supported by variable width encodings to do that.
But here is what everyone trips over – they have an HTML or XML file, it works fine, and they open it up in a text editor. They then add a character that in their text editor, using the codepage for their region, insert a character like ß and save the file. Of course it must be correct – their text editor shows it correctly. But feed it to any program that reads according to the encoding and that is now the first character fo a 2 byte sequence. You either get a different character or if the second byte is not a legal value for that first byte – an error.
Not sure what you are saying here. If a file is supposed to be in one encoding and you insert invalid characters into it then it invalid. End of story. It has nothing to do with html/xml.
Point 2 – Always create HTML and XML in a program that writes it out correctly using the encode. If you must create with a text editor, then view the final file in a browser.
The browser still needs to support the encoding.
Now, what about when the code you are writing will read or write a file? We are not talking binary/data files where you write it out in your own format, but files that are considered text files. Java, .NET, etc all have character encoders. The purpose of these encoders is to translate between a sequence of bytes (the file) and the characters they represent. Lets take what is actually a very difficlut example – your source code, be it C#, Java, etc. These are still by and large "plain old text files" with no encoding hints. So how do programs handle them? Many assume they use the local code page. Many others assume that all characters will be in the range 0 – 127 and will choke on anything else.
I know java files have a default encoding - the specification defines it. And I am certain C# does as well.
Point 3 – Always set the encoding when you read and write text files. Not just for HTML & XML, but even for files like source code. It's fine if you set it to use the default codepage, but set the encoding.
It is important to define it. Whether you set it is another matter.
Point 4 – Use the most complete encoder possible. You can write your own XML as a text file encoded for UTF-8. But if you write it using an XML encoder, then it will include the encoding in the meta data and you can't get it wrong. (it also adds the endian preamble to the file.)
Ok, you're reading & writing files correctly but what about inside your code. What there? This is where it's easy – unicode. That's what those encoders created in the Java & .NET runtime are designed to do. You read in and get unicode. You write unicode and get an encoded file. That's why the char type is 16 bits and is a unique core type that is for characters. This you probably have right because languages today don't give you much choice in the matter.
Unicode character escapes are replaced prior to actual code compilation. Thus it is possible to create strings in java with escaped unicode characters which will fail to compile.
Point 5 – (For developers on languages that have been around awhile) – Always use unicode internally. In C++ this is called wide chars (or something similar). Don't get clever to save a couple of bytes, memory is cheap and you have more important things to do.
No. A developer should understand the problem domain represented by the requirements and the business and create solutions that appropriate to that. Thus there is absolutely no point for someone that is creating an inventory system for a stand alone store to craft a solution that supports multiple languages.
And another example is with high volume systems moving/storing bytes is relevant. As such one must carefully consider each text element as to whether it is customer consumable or internally consumable. Saving bytes in such cases will impact the total load of the system. In such systems incremental savings impact operating costs and marketing advantage with speed. -
Good evening, my name is Ludmila I have a problem. im buy second hand iphone 5 but I can not use the screen shows asking me apple id but I do not know this is my first iphone I do not know what the police thought it was stolen or lost but I you can help me. Someone told me we should stop function Find my iphone but how?? email does not even know the first lord. It cost me 400 euros but may not use iphone. someone laugh at me because I deceived. Please help me tell me his email talk to you should stop off iCloud or ID
Scuzati de engleza google translate
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I know this can be done with javascript, but how precisely?
Hi there, I have a personal art website that I've been having trouble with. The website in question is http://www.aidenart.com. The issue that I'm dealing has to do with the concept art page which you can click on using the top navigation bar. On that page there are thumbnails of images and when you click on any one of those image thumbnails you should be taken to a new WEB PAGE with the full image on it. The fact that the link brings you to a new web page is important. On each of the web pages that shows the full image I want to provide some navigation for the visitor to use. There's going to be a button that will link back to the main concept art page and a jump menu that will let the visitor go to any of the other concept art pages that they want. Both of those things I already know how to do. The thing is I also want put in NEXT and PREVIOUS buttons that will allow the visitor to go to the next or previous page in the list of concept art pages even if they've never visited the page before.
I know this can be done because I've seen other websites that have it. I took a look at their source code and most of them seem to be using some sort of javascript code with an onClick or onChange behavior. If someone could just help me find the basic coding for making this happen in Dreamweaver with maybe at least two or three pages then I could probably figure the rest out from there.
The last time I asked this forum about this problem everyone seemed to think that I wanted to create an image gallery, but I don't. I want the visitor to be able to cycle through the WEB PAGES that have the image and might have more images in the future, not just the images themselves. And using some sort of code that has to do with the web browser's history isn't going to do what I want.
Here's some code from other websites that I found using just what I want to accomplish.
<TD ALIGN=RIGHT><INPUT TYPE=BUTTON Value=' < Prev ' onClick="self.location='/s/3112627/1/Yami_no_Game_Dark_Saga'"> <SELECT title='chapter navigation' Name=chapter onChange="self.location = '/s/3112627/'+ this.options[this.selectedIndex].value + '/Yami_no_Game_Dark_Saga';"><option value=1 >1. Meet and Duel<option value=2 selected>2. Voyage to the Kingdom<option value=3 >3. The Great Insect Combos: Yami vs Haga<option value=4 >4. Scented Scheme Tactics: Mai vs Jou<option value=5 >5. Ocean Madness: Yami vs Kajiki<option value=6 >6. The Messenger from Hell<option value=7 >7. Prehistoric Battle: Ryuzaki vs Jou<option value=8 >8. Hunters of the Night: Eliminator Panik<option value=9 >9. Arrivals and Secrets Revealed<option value=10 >10. Escaping Death: Jou vs Kozuka<option value=11 >11. Battle in the Labyrinth for Freedom<option value=12 >12. Duel of Fate, part 1<option value=13 >13. Duel of Fate, part 2<option value=14 >14. A Brother's Promise<option value=15 >15. First Round of Finals: Yami vs Mai<option value=16 >16. Second Round of Finals, part 1<option value=17 >17. Second Round of Finals, part 2<option value=18 >18. Duel of Kings, part 1<option value=19 >19. Duel of Kings, part 2<option value=20 >20. Closing: Duelist Kingdom<option value=21 >21. Virtual Adventure: Start!<option value=22 >22. Virtual Adventure: First Task<option value=23 >23. Virtual Adventure: Final Dungeon Appears<option value=24 >24. Closing: Virtual Adventure<option value=25 >25. The Shop of Broken Hearts<option value=26 >26. Gaining the Upper Hand<option value=27 >27. Emotional Rollercoaster<option value=28 >28. Closing: Dungeon Dice Monsters<option value=29 >29. Mysterious New Force<option value=30 >30. Start of a New Tournament<option value=31 >31. The Decision<option value=32 >32. The Announcement<option value=33 >33. The Ambush<option value=34 >34. Battle City: Start!</select> <INPUT TYPE=BUTTON Value=' Next > ' onClick="self.location='/s/3112627/3/Yami_no_Game_Dark_Saga'"></TD>
</TR>
The first example is from http://www.fanfiction.net/. If you click on any of the stories there that have more than one chapter then you should see code somewhere that looks like the above example. This type of navigation, which can be seen in the upper right corner of stories that use it, is exactly what I've been trying to accomplish for quite some time now.
Here's another example.
<form method="" action="" name="hero_form">
<select name="hero_choices" onChange="swap_hero(this.options[this.selectedIndex].value);">
<option value='1'>Jeran</option><option value='2'>Space Faerie</option><option value='3'>Fyora</option><option value='4'>Lisha</option><option value='5' SELECTED>Illusen</option><option value='6'>Kayla</option><option value='7'>King Skarl</option><option value='8'>Psellia</option><option value='9'>Jhuidah</option><option value='10'>The Soup Faerie</option><option value='11'>Hannah</option><option value='12'>Master Vex</option><option value='13'>Galgarroth</option><option value='14'>Cylara</option><option value='15'>Gorix</option><option value='16'>Commander Gormos</option><option value='17'>King Kelpbeard</option><option value='18'>Swordmaster Talek</option><option value='19'>Garin</option><option value='20'>Jacques</option><option value='21'>General Dacon</option><option value='22'>Nabile</option><option value='23'>Tomos</option><option value='24'>Armin</option><option value='25'>Judge Hog</option><option value='26'>Hanso</option>
</select>
</form>
</center>
<table width="200" border=0 align=center>
<tr>
<td align=center>
<a href='showhero.phtml?hero=4'><img src="http://images.neopets.com/galleryofheroes/goh_left_arrow.gif" border=0 width=80 height=80></a>
</td>
<td align=center><a href='../hero.phtml'><img src="http://images.neopets.com/galleryofheroes/goh_home.gif" width=50 height=50 border=0></a></td>
<td align=center>
<a href='showhero.phtml?hero=6'><img src="http://images.neopets.com/galleryofheroes/goh_right_arrow.gif" border=0 width=80 height=80></a>
With this example the website even used images as the buttons instead of just simple input buttons. I'd like to use my own images for buttons if I can.
My computer is a Macbook with the most recent operating system (as far as I know) and I have Dreamweaver CS5 installed on my computer.Your example uses straight text links. Nothing fancy, no complicated JavaScripts are used. Just a lot of manual linking.
Example: http://www.aidenart.com/Concept%20Art%20Pages/ConceptImage1.html
PREVIOUS: http://www.aidenart.com/Concept%20Art%20Pages/ConceptPage2Arga.html
MAIN: http://www.aidenart.com/ConceptArtMain.html
NEXT: http://www.aidenart.com/Concept%20Art%20Pages/ConceptPostitTiratsu.html
Each page contains a different PREVIOUS and NEXT link depending on where it appears within the site.
Hopefully this answers your question.
Nancy O.
Alt-Web Design & Publishing
Web | Graphics | Print | Media Specialists
http://alt-web.com/
http://twitter.com/altweb -
I currently have a DROID RAZR M and I'm 1 year into my 2 year contract. Since the Kitkat update, the phone won't stay charged and it's very buggy. I know this is not Verizons fault but it's also not mine. I would like to change my phone to an iPhone 5s and keep my same plan but switch to the Edge program. Is this possible? I don't think I should have to pay an early termination fee or anything like that since my phone has become almost unusable. I know under normal circumstances you have to wait 2 yrs to upgrade but due to the update and the poor service I'm now getting I hope Verizon can make an exception. Thank you.
How recently did you switch? If it's less than 60 days, then Verizon simply reinstates your previous account. The fact that you were on the EDGE plan and mailed the devices back, and they apparently are somewhere in the system, could cause complications, and it might just work out that you just go back on the same plan and they set you up with the same devices. I'm not sure how it will go - but since you are still being billed for the devices...
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