Increase Number of Processes

Hello,
I have Oracle 9.2.0.7 on Windows. How do you increase the "Maximum Number of Processes"?
Thank you.

SQL> show parameter process
processes integer 250
SQL> show parameter session
sessions integer 280
Since this is a static parameter you have to change it in
spfile or init.ora and bounce the database.
SQL> alter system set processes=300 scope=spfile;
System altered.
SQL> alter system set sessions=300 scope=spfile;
System altered.
If you try to set these parameters in memory you will get
ORA-02095: specified initialization parameter cannot be modified
Interestingly enough if you set the number of processes
the number of sessions will be auto calculated for you.
Example:-
Once you set the number of processes to 300, if you try
to set the number of sessions to 200 it will still be
value of 345.
Processes->300
Sessions -> 345

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Question:
- What is the cause of this error message? How to avoid?
- I intended to deploy my application to 9IAS server. Will the same problem occurs too?
Thanks for your reply!

Hi Pig,
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java.lang.Exception: ORA-00020: maximum number of processes (150) exceeded
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Question:
- What is the cause of this error message? How to avoid?.
From the Oracle error message documentation:
ORA-00020 maximum number of processes (string) exceeded
Cause: All process state objects are in use.
Action: Increase the value of the PROCESSES initialization parameter.
Another alternative approach may be to configure your Connection pool and/or your ApplicationModule pool to optimize the use of
database connections and/or restrict the number of database connections used by the application. For example, if your application
has declared many root ApplicationModules (i.e. more than one ApplicationModule pool is in use) then it may help to enable the
jbo.doconnectionpooling switch so that each ApplicationModule instance in the pools does not maintain a dedicated database
connection while not in use. Another alternative if you are using the BC4J connection pool (not a JDBC datasource) may be to
restrict the number of connections the pool can create to < 150 with the jbo.maxpoolsize switch. However, please note that this
may have an impact on throughput.
- I intended to deploy my application to 9IAS server. Will the same problem occurs too?.
This is a database issue. So, yes.
Hope this helps.
JR

How to increase the per-process file descriptor limit for JDBC connection 15

If I need JDBC connection more that 15, the only solution is increase the per-process file descriptor limit. But how to increase this limit? modify the oracle server or JDBC software?
I'm using JDBC thin driver connect to Oracle 806 server.
From JDBC faq:
Is there any limit on number of connections for jdbc?
No. As such JDBC drivers doesn't have any scalability restrictions by themselves.
It may be it restricted by the no of 'processes' (in the init.ora file) on the server. However, now-a-days we do get questions that even when the no of processes is 30, we are not able to open more than 16 active JDBC-OCI connections when the JDK is running in the default (green) thread model. This is because the no. of per-process file descriptor limit exceeded. It is important to note that depending on whether you are using OCI or THIN, or Green Vs Native, a JDBC sql connection can consume any where from 1-4 file descriptors. The solution is to increase the per-process file descriptor limit.
null

maybe it is OS issue, but the suggestion solution is from Oracle document. However, it is not provide a clear enough solution, just state "The solution is to increase the per-process file descriptor limit"
Now I know the solution, but not know how to increase it.....
pls help.

How to set a limit on the number of processes a session can start?

I have an Oracle db version 10.2.0.4 running on Solaris 10. My parallel_max_servers parameter is set to 650 and the processes parameter is set to 700. But I don see one session that is spawning 129 processes and another one that is spwaning 65 processes. Is there a way to limit the number of processes that a session can spawn?

check processes
$ ps -ef | grep $ORACLE_SID|wc -l
SQL> select * from v$resource_limit where resource_name ='processes';
My parallel_max_servers parameter is set to 650 and the processes parameter is set to 700.
PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS
specifies the maximum number of parallel execution processes and parallel recovery processes for an instance. As demand increases, Oracle increases the number of processes from the number created at instance startup up to this value.
Do you use query with parallel?
example:
-> create table xxx PARALLEL (degree 5)
-> select /*+ PARALLEL
if you don't use parallel on execution processes... so, your processes not increase ;)
By the way your db have limited proceses= 700 (Dedicated Server Processes)

ORA-00020: maximum number of processes (%s) exceeded

nobody was able to log into the database. when I tried 'sqlplus / as sysdba' I got : ORA-00020: maximum number of processes 1000 exceeded
database is 11.2.0.2 with patch 12
I've bounced the database and increased the processes..
my question is.. is there a way to tell what the processes were? what machine they were coming from? in a log somewhere..
Since I was unable to log in, I couldn't tell what had happened.. who was causing it..
if it happens again.. is there a way to log it?
also, this machine has DataGuard to a standby system.. is it possible for something to go wrong with dataguard and cause this?

>
my question is.. is there a way to tell what the processes were? what machine they were coming from? in a log somewhere..
Since I was unable to log in, I couldn't tell what had happened.. who was causing it..
if it happens again.. is there a way to log it?
also, this machine has DataGuard to a standby system.. is it possible for something to go wrong with dataguard and cause this?
>
You have only treated the symptom and not fixed the cause. As fellow members said, you could kill some "non-critical" processes and log in to the database.
But you will have to find out why there were so many processes in place. I am sure you might have set the definite number of processes after your planning before you went live. If you suddenly see too many processes, you will have to find out why and where they are coming from. Also check if there are any rogue processes.
To find out if there are any processes which have no sessions attached
select spid from v$process where addr not in (select paddr from v$session);
To answer your question, data guard shouldn't be affected by this. Nor would dataguard cause this issue in primary.
Fix this processes issue before it's too late. Otherwise, there will be a situation when you will have to keep increasing the processes until you hit the OS limit
Regards
Venkat

ORA-00020: maximum number of processes (500) exceeded

Problem Details:
In our Database we are getting huge number of open connection from remote system.
Let say, our application A and remote application name is B.
Some common users of application A are USER0, USER1, USER2.
Remote Application B uses USER0 to create views on application A's table through Database Link.
Those views (nearly 100) are accessed in application B at several places from the Java code.
Since those views are getting called almost all the times from the application B's code, DB link is in use almost all the time - holding many number of connections (check the first row of the query output).
Many times the open connections remaining high and any other application, users trying to connect to application A,
getting the ORA-00020 error.
Note :
1. Application B is very old application and does not use open DB link or close DB link.
2. Application B tried with "alter session close Database link xxx", it decrease the number of open connection but its degrading the performance of application B at large scale.
3. To cope up with this problem Application A recently incraesed the parameter process=500, but not sure if this limit can also be broken through Application B
Questions/Doubts:
1) What is best approach to handle this problem??
'alter session close database link xxx' is the only option from application B's point ??
What other approach can be taken??
2) We are not sure the risk associated with increasing the process parameter value ??
Appreciate your suggestion !!
SQL>conn / as sysdba
SQL> select substr(username,1,8),
       substr(machine,1,11),
       substr(module,1,40),
       substr(osuser,1,7),
       status,
       count(1)
from v$session
group by username, machine, module, osuser, status;
USERNAME MACHINE     STATUS                        OSUSER     COUNT(1)
USER0    remotedb9      INACTIVE                              oracle        450
USER1    app_dev        INACTIVE                              beaadmin        1
USER0    svr01test      ACTIVE                                bdgp_dev        1
USER1    app_test       INACTIVE                              bbk09           2
USER0    app_dev        ACTIVE                                dj0494          1
USER1    app_test       INACTIVE                              pd0269          2
USER2    app_test       INACTIVE                              oracle         12
USER0    app_dev        ACTIVE                                oracle          2
USER2    app_test       INACTIVE                              www             8
USER2    dbr9db01       ACTIVE                                oracle          2
USER2    svr01dv        INACTIVE                              bdgp_dev        1
USER0    app_dev        INACTIVE                              scott           3
USER2    app_test       INACTIVE                              clerk           2
USER2    moose          ACTIVE                                john            2
USER2    titan.homer    INACTIVE                              voipdu          1
NEWUSER floradbdv1     INACTIVE                              oracle          8
SYS      app_test       ACTIVE                                oracle          1
20 rows selected.
SQL>conn USER0@csmip_st
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-00020: maximum number of processes (500) exceeded
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.

semmsl in Linux tells what the max number of processes are. You have to make sure this is equal to the process parameter of all instances plus 10.
It is usually in /etc/sysctl.conf
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
SEMMSL
The SEMMSL kernel parameter is used to control the maximum number of semaphores per semaphore set.
Oracle recommends setting SEMMSL to the largest PROCESS instance parameter setting in the init.ora file for all databases hosted on the Linux system plus 10. Also, Oracle recommends setting the SEMMSL to a value of no less than 100.
SEMMNI
The SEMMNI kernel parameter is used to control the maximum number of semaphore sets on the entire Linux system.
Oracle recommends setting the SEMMNI to a value of no less than 100.
SEMMNS
The SEMMNS kernel parameter is used to control the maximum number of semaphores (not semaphore sets) on the entire Linux system.
Oracle recommends setting the SEMMNS to the sum of the PROCESSES instance parameter setting for each database on the system, adding the largest PROCESSES twice, and then finally adding 10 for each Oracle database on the system. To summarize:
SEMMNS = sum of PROCESSES setting for each database on the system
+ ( 2 * [largest PROCESSES setting])
+ (10 * [number of databases on system]
To determine the maximum number of semaphores that can be allocated on a Linux system, use the following calculation. It will be the lesser of:
SEMMNS -or- (SEMMSL * SEMMNI)
SEMOPM
The SEMOPM kernel parameter is used to control the number of semaphore operations that can be performed per semop system call.
The semop system call (function) provides the ability to do operations for multiple semaphores with one semop system call. A semaphore set can have the maximum number of SEMMSL semaphores per semaphore set and is therefore recommended to set SEMOPM equal to SEMMSL.
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App B could try using connection pooling or something to reduce the number of connections to the DB.

Way to increase "MAXIMUM UPTIME PROCESSES" during preprocessing phase

Hi All,
It has always been frustrated when your ACT_UPG, SHADOW_IMPORT_INC phases are running very slow due to low number of MAX UPTIME PROCESSES enter earlier.
I've been looking for a method to increase MAX UPTIME PROCESSES during upgrade, or shadow instance creation, but to no avail and guru here said there's no way to amend the Uptime Processes after you input the value during the preparation phase, but just to wait until it finish.
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For my situation, my colleague has insert value "2" for MAX UPTIME PROCESSES and it's veryslow due to only 2 R3trans is running and the clock is ticking for us. I change the parameter to "6" after some analysis done how EHP read the value. The good news is i can see 6 R3trans are running and 6 Support Packages are importing in /EHPI/abap/tmp.
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> Please provide any feedback on how it works if youu2019ve tried it or going to try it in future.
Just to throw in my EUR 0.02:
In most cases you do an upgrade not only one on a production system but also before on a test system - or at best - on a copy of the production.
At the end of the upgrade you get an UPGEVAL.XML file that lists the runtime of the various phases and also the configuration.
For such huge upgrades ('real' upgrades or e. g. EHP4) we do this upgrade several times with copies of the production (3+ TB database) and try to optimize the runtime for us plus avoiding most of the errors during activation and upgrade phases. For our EHP4 project I did a total of 6 upgrades in a copy of the production to find the optimum number of processes. This implies however, that resources are available (in sense of time and hardware) but we found out from the past, that this invest is of much more use than having a trembling administrator on a sunday evening sitting there and hoping that there'll be no restore of the database necessary.
With todays database and/or storage technologies (snaphots/clones) it's no more a big administrative task to copy a system and reset it after the upgrade and start over if it was too slow.
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What is a normal number of processes to appear in activity monitor?

When I go into Activity Monitor and click on "All Processes", I have anywhere from 50-62 processes going on. A friend told me this was far too many, but she uses a different operating system than I do.
I have a 10.4.11 OS on a Macbook that I bought in January of 2007.
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How to increase no. of processes

Dear friends,
I need to increase no. of processes.
Kindly anybody tell me the proces how to icrease it?
Thanx in advance.
Prashant T.

do you use a pfile or spfile, sysdba privileges are needed
to tell:
SQL> show parameter spfile
NAME TYPE VALUE
spfile string $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfilehmdw10.ora
if you get a value u have spfile
spfile:
alter system set processes=151 scope=spfile;
stop start db.
pfile:
edit your init.ora file parameter process=new value
stop start db.
Note: The default values of the SESSIONS and TRANSACTIONS parameters are derived from this parameter. Therefore, if you change the value of PROCESSES, you should evaluate whether to adjust the values of those derived parameters.
Message was edited by:
Slater

Increase Number of Processes

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