Swap Space in Linux

Hi,
I am newbie to Linux.How to increase the Swap Space in Linux for Oracle 10g Installation.Is it possible to create the Swap space without Reboot in Resue Mode.Tell some commands about Swap space and File system.
Thank You,
With Regards,

1. Find a filesystem or partition on which you want to create swap space. Lets say root filesystem /
2. Example -> dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count=65536
3. Making of swapfile -> mkswap /swapfile
4. Immediately enable swap -> swapon /swapfile
5. To enable it at boot time edit /etc/fstab to include -> */swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0*
Finally Check with you Unix system administrator before doing these commands.
Ss

Similar Messages

  • Linux swap space size?

    I am use script to install a data guard, and get ORA-27072 error, the metalink tell my maybe "all available swap space on the system has been used".
    and tell me
    "According Note 169706.1 : Oracle® Database on AIX®,HP-UX®,Linux®,Mac OS® X,Solaris®,Tru64 Unix® Operating Systems Install
    ation and Configuration Requirements Quick Reference (8.0.5 to 11.1)
    Oracle has the following recommend on the swap sapce for linux x86 system
    If RAM = 1024MB to 2048Mb
    then 1.5 times RAM
    elseif RAM > 2048MB and < 8192MB
    then match RAM
    else RAM > 8192MB
    then .75 times RAM"
    ORA-27072: File I/O error
    Linux Error: 25: Inappropriate ioctl for device
    My os has 8G RAM and 2G swap space size, do i need chang swap space size to 6G?

    >
    I am use script to install a data guard, and get ORA-27072 error, the metalink tell my maybe "all available swap space on the system has been used".
    and tell me
    "According Note 169706.1 : Oracle® Database on AIX®,HP-UX®,Linux®,Mac OS® X,Solaris®,Tru64 Unix® Operating Systems Install
    ation and Configuration Requirements Quick Reference (8.0.5 to 11.1)
    Oracle has the following recommend on the swap sapce for linux x86 systemWell, for a start you could try clearly telling us what your OS is! Above
    you mention a "linux x86" system.
    If RAM = 1024MB to 2048Mb
    then 1.5 times RAM
    elseif RAM > 2048MB and < 8192MB
    then match RAM
    else RAM > 8192MB
    then .75 times RAM"
    ORA-27072: File I/O error
    Linux Error: 25: Inappropriate ioctl for device
    My os has 8G RAM and 2G swap space size, do i need chang swap space size to 6G?Sorry - I'm confused - here you mention 8GB of RAM. Do you have
    High Memory Support on your kernel?
    You might want to look at
    http://www.puschitz.com/InstallingOracle10g.shtml
    however more info on your configuration is necessary. BTW, you can also
    improve performance by spreading the swap over different disks.
    HTH.
    Paul...
    When asking database related questions, please give other posters
    some clues, like OS (with version), version of Oracle being used and DDL.
    Other trivia such as CPU, RAM + Disk configuration might also be useful.
    The exact text and/or number of error messages is useful (!= "it didn't work!"). Thanks.
    Furthermore, as a courtesy to those who spend time analysing and attempting to help,
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  • Problem on Creating a Swapfile for adding swap space

    Folks,
    Hello. I am using Oracle Linux 5.6. At this time, the Linux swap space is 0 KB by using the command:
    [root@rac1 /]# grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo
    I need 150MB swap space to install Oracle Database. I create the swap space using the following commands:
    Step 1:
    [root@rac1 /]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/swapfile bs=1024 count15360 hit enter
    Output: 153600 to records in
    153600 to records out
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    Step 2:
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    Output: Command not found.
    Step 3:
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    Output: Command not found.
    Step 4:
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    Add this line into the file: /swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
    Save and close the file fstab.
    Step 5:
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    Output: SwapTotal: 0 KB
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    When you execute a program, the command shell will walk through the locations specified by $PATH environment variable in order to find it. The "./" path is the current working directory and should not be in the $PATH environment to make sure applications are run only from locations defined by $PATH and not the current working directory. You can bypass this behavior iif you specify the full absolute path to the program at the command prompt, e.g. cd /sbin, ./mkswap or /sbin/mkswap. Other programs and administration tasks will use Linux utilities located in /sbin without specifying the full path and will not work if /sbin is not part of your PATH environment.
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  • Swap space

    Hi
    I intend to install oracle 10 R2 on redhat linux 5 , my system have 64 gb ram
    how much swap space i need to setup for this size of ram
    i check some installation docoment it mention
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    if it is more than 8 gig then it should be 0.75 of mrmory size
    if this is the method then for my ram size i need to set 48 Gb
    is this is right size , i am wondering this size seems like very huge size
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    RDS

    The documentation states:
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  • What is normal swap space utilization on Solaris 10

    Hi all,
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    Server A has only one database and total memory free = 30G.
    Server A
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    swap -s:   total: 27249744k bytes allocated + 13873764k reserved = 41123508k used, 1000552k available
    prstat: 
    NPROC USERNAME  SWAP   RSS MEMORY      TIME  CPU
       257 oracle     39G   38G    53% 222:11:52 5.6%
        31 root       57M   59M   0.1% 414:47:23 0.1%
         1 smmsp    1776K 7736K   0.0%   0:00:34 0.0%
         6 zabbix   4752K 4092K   0.0%   0:58:31 0.0%
         4 daemon   3864K 6456K   0.0%   0:00:35 0.0%Server B has two databases and total memory free = 9G.
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    top:  Memory: 72G phys mem, 9890M free mem, 16G total swap, 16G free swap
    swap -s:  total: 29223360k bytes allocated + 627312k reserved = 29850672k used, 16926320k available
    prstat:
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       157 oracle     28G   28G    39%  15:38:41 0.4%
        34 root       58M   65M   0.1%   2:56:57 0.0%
         6 zabbix   5580K 4816K   0.0%   0:00:31 0.0%
         1 smmsp    1776K 5724K   0.0%   0:00:00 0.0%
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    Next question is should I be concerned.
    When I check vmstat, I do not see any paging in or out or blocked processes.
    See below for server A
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    kthr      memory            page            disk          faults      cpu
    r b w   swap  free  si  so pi po fr de sr s0 s1 s2 s5   in   sy   cs us sy id
    0 0 0 1059868 30507176 0 0  0  0  0  0  2  7 -0 123 30 13742 25008 7264 5 2 93
    0 0 0 1024076 30982140 0 0  0  0  0  0  0 23  0  0 122 4433 14793 6854 6 2 92
    0 0 0 1030292 30987500 0 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 102 4055 15049 7014 8 1 91
    0 0 0 1044484 30999572 0 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 129 5905 19196 8127 6 1 93
    0 0 0 1028584 30987636 0 0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0  0 114 10611 19925 7259 6 3 90

    974632 wrote:
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    free: /usr/man/man3c/free.3cdarn!
    Realize that SWAP is purely an OS facility; which is 100% external to Oracle.
    The OS send little used or idle processes into SWAP when RAM is scarce resource.
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    as long as vmstat shows that BI+BO > SI+SO I would ignore the Chicken Little warnings.

  • Swap space/dump devices for large RAM systems

    We are in the process of changing our standards for our server builds and need some input. Currently, we match the swap space on local disk with the size of RAM. I know this isn't necessary for "swap" any more, but we use the swap area as the dump device as well, so we are sure to have enough space there to contain a full memory dump if the server crashes.
    Now we have systems coming in with 128 or even 192 GB of ram. They contain only two disks (146GB), which we mirror. Obviously there isn't enough space on these disks for 192GB of swap or a dedicated dump deivce.
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    Compressed dumps have been supported in UNIX flavors for many years, so you need to dig further into it. It is supported in linux, so I can't imagine why it wouldn't in Solaris. Tru64UNIX, HP-UX, AIX, and others all provide this capability.
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  • Observation: SAP uses swap space even when OS has available unused memory

    Hi Folks,
       It is my understanding that any memory not used by the Linux OS itself or the SAP application is available for Linux to use for I/O buffers and file caching.  When the SAP application requires more memory I would expect Linux to take memory away from itself (release I/O buffer and/or file caching memory).
       We have observed that SAP uses swap space even when there is  memory available.  Is there some feature in SAP kernel or some ABAP construct that causes SAP to prefer swap space over available memory?  Or maybe there is a Linux kernel setting that influences SAP's use of swapping.
    Regards,
    Zaz

    Hi Mike
    You did not mention which distribution you have. Under SLES there is is a parameter called SWAPPINESS, which controls the buffering/swapping.
    cat /proc/sys/vm/swappiness
    If you don't already know, you can see the memory usage with the free command.
    root # free -m
                 total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
    Mem:          7987       7901         85          0        364       4262
    -/+ buffers/cache:       3274       4712
    Swap:        15999          0      15999
    As far as i know, in this example 3274 is memory used by SAP and other processes and 4712 is cache. Please correct me if i am wrong.
    Regards
    Michael
    Edit: a low swappines, for example 10 means to reduce cache first, a high swappiness (example 100) means page out processes first
    Edited by: mho on Jun 20, 2008 11:21 AM

  • Swap space used is above threshold of 90

    Hi all,
    i am facing an issues in linux box which is Swap space used is above threshold of 90
    [oracle@gbaheovl21 scripts]$ free
                 total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached
    Mem:       8388608    8354400      34208          0      32748    4354904
    -/+ buffers/cache:    3966748    4421860
    Swap:      6257992    5816940     441052
    scripts]$ sar -r
    07:00:01    kbmemfree kbmemused  %memused kbbuffers  kbcached kbswpfree kbswpused  %swpused  kbswpcad
    07:10:01        15868   8372740     99.81     16348   4356644    479720   5778272     92.33    767516
    07:20:01        93232   8295376     98.89     17624   4304864    433200   5824792     93.08    773240
    07:30:01        29092   8359516     99.65     22664   4328688    442496   5815496     92.93    800512
    07:40:01        39700   8348908     99.53     28584   4348424    441392   5816600     92.95    768592
    Average:        57576   8331032     99.31     56029   4292652    349858   5908134     94.41    775742
    Is their any fix to this issue with out reboot ? please any one help me on this ?

    Hi ,
    sorry for that , i am pasting the info below.
    Linux venkat.gb.com 2.6.18-238.el5xen #1 SMP Sun Dec 19 14:42:02 EST 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
    it is a Oracle virtual linux and here few databases are running
    [root@ ~]# sysctl vm.swappiness
    vm.swappiness = 60
    [root@~]# df /dev/shm
    Filesystem           1K-blocks      Used Available Use% Mounted on
    tmpfs                  4194304    249220   3945084   6% /dev/shm
    [root@ ~]# ipcs -um
    ------ Shared Memory Status --------
    segments allocated 31
    pages allocated 2099310
    pages resident  1003699
    pages swapped   881584
    Swap performance: 0 attempts     0 successes
    [root@ ~]# cat /proc/meminfo
    MemTotal:      8388608 kB
    MemFree:         29556 kB
    Buffers:         39224 kB
    Cached:        4458580 kB
    SwapCached:     625964 kB
    Active:        6728908 kB
    Inactive:       548592 kB
    HighTotal:           0 kB
    HighFree:            0 kB
    LowTotal:      8388608 kB
    LowFree:         29556 kB
    SwapTotal:     6257992 kB
    SwapFree:       512504 kB
    Dirty:            3360 kB
    Writeback:           0 kB
    AnonPages:     2442472 kB
    Mapped:        3943420 kB
    Slab:           256204 kB
    PageTables:     525464 kB
    NFS_Unstable:        0 kB
    Bounce:              0 kB
    CommitLimit:  10452296 kB
    Committed_AS: 21157240 kB
    VmallocTotal: 34359738367 kB
    VmallocUsed:     34920 kB
    VmallocChunk: 34359703427 kB
    thanks
    Venkat

  • Swap space becomes critically low in the system

    Hi,
    We are facing a situation where the swap space space  is critically low in the system, there is just 10 % available swap space in the system
    And we can't see the swap space being released to the OS .
    This is one of the  Application servers we have for R3 system.
    SAP environment:
    SAP Netweaver 7.01
    LINUX RHEL
    Oracle 11g
    $free -m //outut
    As you can see we have 64G physical memory allocated to this application server whereas the configured swap space is around 20G.
    This Linux box houses two application server one for R3 and the other for CRM.
    Would appreciate if you can tell me what should be done to release the swap space as above shows that 18 gig of 20 is being used right now.
    Regards,
    Rakesh

    Thanks Gaurav..
    what you have said makes sense we will check that parameter which determines to what extent swap space should be used between 0 to 100 %.
    However, I have found that there are many swaps in the SAP buffer (ST02) that we will be tuning soon in both of the application servers that I had mentioned above,
    I have checked the ST06 and couldn't found any page in/out activity.
    see below the screen shots of  ST02 and ST06 for both application servers.
    Regards,
    Rakesh

  • Do we need SWAP Space?

    Hi Folks!
    I am running Archlinux 64bit on my System with 4096 Mb RAM. I use my System for Programming (Java, C), Gaming (UT2004, Enemy Territory, True Combat Elite, Doom3, ....), Distributed Computing (Boinc), Email, Surfing the Net, Watching and Converting Videos , Picture processing (Gimp) and Office work in general (Printing, Writing, ...).
    There was never a lack of memory on my System and my Swap Space, which have an amount of 2000 Mb, is never used.
    I would shrink it to 512 Mb, but i would not delete this partition.
    By the way: i do not use the hibernate Funktion. In that case i should give at least 4096 Mb to the Swap Partition.
    Here are some interesting Articles about that Problem:
    http://sourcefrog.net/weblog/software/l … /swap.html
    http://kerneltrap.org/node/3660
    http://www.linux.com/feature/121916
    What do you thing about this issue?
    Greetz
    roost

    iphitus wrote:In shining's case, something must have been forking off, possibly make starting new compilation processes.
    Actually, I just checked some old mails and here are some precisions :
    1) the first time, the box was totally unresponsive, and nothing visible had been killed
    2) the second time, it killed both firefox and gnome. I suspect I had the compilation running in screen, so that was still going on.
    And with firefox and gnome killed, the box was much more responsive
    Also I believe that I was using makeflags -j3 in both cases. So probably that does not help with memory usage.
    And it could also indeed makes the task of oom killer more difficult.
    So if I ever want to compile it again, I can do two things : running outside X to free a lot of mem, and with -j1
    Besides, I have only 1gb. So people with 2gb and more probably don't need to care about this.
    But I still think that it is better to have some swap space, and have the system slows down because of swap usage in extreme conditions, rather than having the oom killer kill tasks and losing potentially important data / work / whatever.
    Now if you know that the maximum memory usage you can achieve doing something productive is lower than your mem, then it is fine.
    Actually I have only 1gb and no swap, the only times I had problems is with this octave compilation, and I was not even using the box at this point, I just let it compile, so I did not lose anything.

  • How to find Oracle is using swap space or not?

    Hi,
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    I can see a very little swap space is being used in the server while there is almost 100% RAM utlization.
    I want to know if my Oracle databases are using swap or not. If it is using, how much of swap being used currently by each Oracle database?
    Can someone please guide me on how to do that?
    Thanks in advance for your help.
    Regards,
    Murali Mohan

    I did "vmstat 1 10" and here is the output.
    What I want to know how much swap space is used by each of my oracle database while the below output is for total swap usage
    procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- system ----cpu----
    r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa
    0 0 2366860 36996 81660 9458664 67 44 4160 356 9 13 5 3 82 9
    0 0 2366860 38224 81748 9458576 0 0 0 512 1041 369 0 0 99 1
    1 0 2366860 38224 81748 9458576 0 0 4 80 1053 293 6 0 93 0
    2 0 2366860 38224 81752 9458572 0 0 80 40 1467 956 22 7 70 1
    2 1 2366860 38248 81760 9458564 0 0 0 580 1150 444 32 17 50 1
    1 1 2366860 38124 81808 9458516 0 0 360 1040 1672 1158 28 13 51 8
    2 0 2366860 38124 81832 9458492 0 0 84 288 1380 931 33 10 57 1
    2 0 2366860 36596 81884 9458388 52 0 52 4088 1098 475 36 16 46 1
    2 0 2366860 38188 81916 9458356 0 0 144 1096 1251 570 36 12 49 2
    2 0 2366860 38180 81916 9458356 0 0 68 136 1595 1134 28 9 63 1

  • How is SWAP space and Oracle's Shared Memory related ?

    Platform: RHEL 5.4
    Oracle Version: 11.2
    I was trying to increase MEMORY_TARGET to 15g. Then I encountered the following error
    SQL> alter system set memory_max_target=20g scope=spfile;
    System altered.
    SQL> alter system set memory_target=15g scope=spfile;
    System altered.
    SQL> shutdown immediate;
    Database closed.
    Database dismounted.
    ORACLE instance shut down.
    SQL>
    SQL>
    SQL>
    SQL> startup
    ORA-32004: obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance
    ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
    SQL>
    SQL>
    SQL> select name from v$database;
    select name from v$database
    ERROR at line 1:
    ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
    Process ID: 0
    Session ID: 189 Serial number: 9From the below post
    MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
    I gathered that In Linux, if you want to set MEMORY_TARGET, MEMORY_MAX_TARGET to nGB , then you should have a SWAP ( /dev/shm ) of nGB.
    My Swap was only 16gb and I was trying to set memory_max_target to 20g
    $ df -h /dev/shm
    Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
    tmpfs                  16G  7.2G  8.6G  46% /dev/shmNow, I am wondering how is Oracle's Shared Memory (SGA+PGA) related to SWAP space in a server ? Shouldn't Oracle's Shared Memory be related to Physical RAM rather than disk based SWAP space ?

    related question:
    In the above mentioned OTN article it says ,
    You could encounter ORA-00845 if your shared memory is not mapped to /dev/shm
    I think he meant
    You could encounter ORA-00845 if your SWAP space is not mapped to /dev/shm .
    Am I right ?

  • Excess Swap Space....

    Hi all,
    Please I would like to find out if large swap space has any effect on the performance of a Server.
    Thanks

    No. Generally not a good idea.
    Oh, details? Sure.
    To begin with you do <u>not</u> want any active paging going on; it kills performance quickly. It is normal to see some memory pages being evicted to paging store; the kernel does some proactive evictions of stale memory pages just in case the room is needed sometime in the future.
    $ top -n1
    top - 07:37:55 up 3 days, 19:58,  1 user,  load average: 0.01, 0.82, 1.26
    Tasks: 302 total,  15 running, 287 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
    Cpu(s):  4.5%us,  6.2%sy,  0.1%ni, 88.2%id,  0.8%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.1%si,  0.0%st
    Mem:   6902244k total,  6486860k used,   415384k free,   600968k buffers
    Swap:  8392696k total,    14496k used,  8378200k free,  1290552k cachedThe swap utilization reported by top(1) is misleading because it shows a static picture of how much swap space is being used. The problem is that you can't distinguish between the stale-memory evictions and the unwanted paging activity. Better to use the vmstat(1) tool for this:
    $ vmstat 1 3
    procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu-----
    r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
    1  0  14496 411440 601624 1293196    0    0    48   103   28   24  5  6 88  1  0
    61  0  14496 411316 601632 1293196    0    0     0   212 5224 6751  2  4 93  2  0
    5  0  14496 411152 601640 1293188    0    0     0    16 7205 8826  5 11 83  1  0The interesting metric here is the swap-in (si) column, which counts the number of pages read into memory from the paging store. It is OK for this to show some minor values, but should the count increase rapidly for some time you should regard this as a sign of swap activity and fix it.
    Lots of installation documentation suggests that the size of paging store be at least equal to the physical memory size or even larger. On anything much larger than an old desktop this is simply too much space: the system will become unusably slow long before this amount of space is utilized.
    Ancient history: at one time some UNIX ports used the swap space to temporarily store a memory image of a system oops. Every boot, the kernel checked the swap space for a special signature pattern to see if the swap space held such an image.
    Back to the present: having an excessively-large paging store simply wastes disk space. Sometimes the extra paging store can be useful to have because it can postpone a Linux out-of-memory (OOM) kill by the kernel if you have a run-away program leaking memory, but most likely this simply trades an OOM kill for really poor performance. Your mileage may vary, as they say.

  • Swap Space Recommendations

    Hi,
    Is there a recommendation when it comes to setting the swap space for the system running the endeca server?
    We are using EID 2.3 on Linux.
    Our machines are currently freezing once the swap space gets consumed.
    Thanks,
    Will

    Will,
    Is the machine running Endeca Server also receiving incremental updates or does your solution operate as more of a "kill and fill" operation where the index is being fully loaded each time?
    Some other information that would be helpful would be the size of your index and the amount of RAM available on the machine. If you're not comfortable sharing that, a ratio would also suffice (i.e. I have 48GB of RAM and my index size on disk is 12GB so the ratio of RAM to index size is 4:1).
    Typically, I've seen the "high water mark" of addressable memory reach about 2 to 2.5x the index size. Keep in mind that it only ratchets up to that level on rare occasions when an index that has been in use for a while (warm cache) is in the final stages of a bulk update, the usual running amount is much lower. And of course, swap should only come into play when your available memory is constraining the system.
    Hope that helps,
    Patrick Rafferty
    Branchbird

  • Performance: swap space vs. swap file?

    After install of Red Hat Linux ES 3.0 UL3, I found that the swap space is set to only 2 GB. The SA claims that to increase the swap space, he must reinstall Linux because the partition is full.
    Another option would be to add a swap file to a free partition.
    Are there any issues with having swap files vs. swap space?

    You should be able to use the free partition as swap space as well, without reinstall of Linux.
    More information is available from the Redhat website :
    http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-8.0-Manual/custom-guide/s1-swap-adding.html

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