Updated : No question, just example web cam capture code

Question

Hi,
I posted this example a while back, but it had some cosmetic bugs in it.
Here's an updated version.
Quick Start
1. Install JMF 2.1.1e (performance pack version)
( see imports list in source code if you really want to run it using the older version 2.1.1c )
2. You have to set the JMF_HOME or JMFHOME environment variable. Can't remember which one.
"Nearly sure" it's JMF_HOME.
3. Connect your camera
4. run jmfinit ( may need to do a few times until it detects your camera )
When it does, you're in business, and you can try to run the code
5. Run java -cp .;%JMF_HOME%\lib\jmf.jar JWebCam
known issue
Under Java 1.5 / 5 - When capturing a frame, and then resizing that snapshots JFrame, the image did not always scale up and display.
That does work under Java 1.3.1_06 .
Tested on Win98 2nd edition, Java 1.3.1_06, and Creative Web Cam Pro.
Legal stuff in plain english : This code is available for use by everyone, personal or commercial, no need to mention me in licenses or anything. It's just a demo I knocked up for myself. So I am under no obligation to support this. Use it at your own risk.... that implies you can't blame or sue me for anything that goes wrong.
If you like the code, I'd be happy to hear whereabouts you are in the world :-)
Also note : this is the limits of my JMF experience at present.
If you've a separate question, post it to a new topic!
regards,
Owen ( Dublin, Ireland )
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.media.*;
import javax.media.datasink.*;
import javax.media.format.*;
import javax.media.protocol.*;
import javax.media.util.*;
import javax.media.control.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.*;
// import com.sun.media.vfw.VFWCapture;         // JMF 2.1.1c version
import com.sun.media.protocol.vfw.VFWCapture;   // JMF 2.1.1e version
public class JWebCam extends JFrame
    implements WindowListener,  ComponentListener
    protected final static int MIN_WIDTH  = 100;  // 320;
    protected final static int MIN_HEIGHT = 100;  // 240;
    protected static int shotCounter = 1;
    protected JLabel statusBar = null;
    protected JPanel visualContainer = null;
    protected Component visualComponent = null;
    protected JToolBar toolbar = null;
    protected MyToolBarAction formatButton    = null;
    protected MyToolBarAction captureButton   = null;
    protected Player player = null;
    protected CaptureDeviceInfo webCamDeviceInfo = null;
    protected MediaLocator ml = null;
    protected Dimension imageSize = null;
    protected FormatControl formatControl = null;
    protected VideoFormat currentFormat = null;
    protected Format[] videoFormats = null;
    protected MyVideoFormat[] myFormatList = null;
    protected MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] myCaptureDevices = null;
    protected boolean initialised = false;
     * Constructor
    public JWebCam ( String frameTitle )
        super ( frameTitle );
        try
            UIManager.setLookAndFeel("javax.swing.plaf.metal.MetalLookAndFeel");
        catch ( Exception cnfe )
            System.out.println ("Note : Cannot load look and feel settings");
        setSize ( 320, 260 ); // default size...
        addWindowListener ( this );
        addComponentListener ( this );
        getContentPane().setLayout ( new BorderLayout() );
        visualContainer = new JPanel();
        visualContainer.setLayout ( new BorderLayout() );
        getContentPane().add ( visualContainer, BorderLayout.CENTER );
        statusBar = new JLabel ("")
            // Nasty bug workaround
            // The minimum JLabel size was determined by the text in the status bar
            // So the layoutmanager wouldn't shrink the window for the video image
            public Dimension getPreferredSize (  )
                // get the JLabel to "allow" a minimum of 10 pixels width
                // not to work out the minimum size from the text length
                return ( new Dimension ( 10, super.getPreferredSize().height ) );
        statusBar.setBorder ( new EtchedBorder() );
        getContentPane().add ( statusBar, BorderLayout.SOUTH );
     * Initialise
     * @returns true if web cam is detected
    public boolean initialise ( )
        throws Exception
        MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] cams = autoDetect();
        if ( cams.length > 0 )
            if ( cams.length == 1 )
                 System.out.println ("Note : 1 web cam detected");
                 return ( initialise ( cams[0].capDevInfo ) );
            else
                System.out.println ("Note : " + cams.length + " web cams detected");
                Object selected = JOptionPane.showInputDialog (this,
                                                               "Select Video format",
                                                               "Capture format selection",
                                                               JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
                                                               null,        //  Icon icon,
                                                               cams, // videoFormats,
                                                               cams[0] );
                if ( selected != null )
                    return ( initialise ( ((MyCaptureDeviceInfo)selected).capDevInfo ) );
                else
                    return ( initialise ( null ) );
        else
            return ( initialise ( null ) );
     * Initialise
     * @params _deviceInfo, specific web cam device if not autodetected
     * @returns true if web cam is detected
    public boolean initialise ( CaptureDeviceInfo _deviceInfo )
        throws Exception
        statusBar.setText ( "Initialising...");
        webCamDeviceInfo = _deviceInfo;
        if ( webCamDeviceInfo != null )
            statusBar.setText ( "Connecting to : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
            try
                setUpToolBar();
                getContentPane().add ( toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH );
                ml = webCamDeviceInfo.getLocator();
                if ( ml != null )
                    player = Manager.createRealizedPlayer ( ml );
                    if ( player != null )
                        player.start();
                        formatControl = (FormatControl)player.getControl ( "javax.media.control.FormatControl" );
                        videoFormats = webCamDeviceInfo.getFormats();
                        myFormatList = new MyVideoFormat[videoFormats.length];
                        for ( int i=0; i<videoFormats.length; i++ )
                            myFormatList[i] = new MyVideoFormat ( (VideoFormat)videoFormats[i] );
                        Format currFormat = formatControl.getFormat();
                        visualComponent = player.getVisualComponent();
                        if ( visualComponent != null )
                            visualContainer.add ( visualComponent, BorderLayout.CENTER );
                            if ( currFormat instanceof VideoFormat )
                                 currentFormat = (VideoFormat)currFormat;
                                 imageSize = currentFormat.getSize();
                                 visualContainer.setPreferredSize ( imageSize );
                                 setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height + statusBar.getHeight() + toolbar.getHeight() );
                            else
                                System.err.println ("Error : Cannot get current video format");
                            invalidate();
                            pack();
                            return ( true );
                        else
                            System.err.println ("Error : Could not get visual component");
                            return ( false );
                    else
                        System.err.println ("Error : Cannot create player");
                        statusBar.setText ( "Cannot create player" );
                        return ( false );
                else
                    System.err.println ("Error : No MediaLocator for " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                    statusBar.setText ( "No Media Locator for : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                    return ( false );
            catch ( IOException ioEx )
                System.err.println ("Error connecting to [" + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() + "] : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
                statusBar.setText ( "Connecting to : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                return ( false );
            catch ( NoPlayerException npex )
                statusBar.setText ("Cannot create player");
                return ( false );
            catch ( CannotRealizeException nre )
                statusBar.setText ( "Cannot realize player");
                return ( false );
        else
            return ( false );
     * Dynamically create menu items
     * @returns the device info object if found, null otherwise
    public void setFormat ( VideoFormat selectedFormat )
        if ( formatControl != null )
            // player.stop();       // not needed and big performance hit
            currentFormat = selectedFormat;
            if ( visualComponent != null )
                 visualContainer.remove ( visualComponent );
            imageSize = currentFormat.getSize();
            visualContainer.setPreferredSize ( imageSize );
            statusBar.setText ( "Format : " + currentFormat );
            System.out.println ("Format : " + currentFormat );
            formatControl.setFormat ( currentFormat );
            // player.start();  // not needed and big performance hit
            visualComponent = player.getVisualComponent();
            if ( visualComponent != null )
                visualContainer.add ( visualComponent, BorderLayout.CENTER );
            invalidate();       // let the layout manager work out the sizes
            pack();
        else
            System.out.println ("Visual component not an instance of FormatControl");
            statusBar.setText ( "Visual component cannot change format" );
    public VideoFormat getFormat ( )
        return ( currentFormat );
    protected void setUpToolBar ( )
        toolbar = new JToolBar();
        // Note : due to cosmetic glitches when undocking and docking the toolbar,
        //        I've set this to false.
        toolbar.setFloatable(false);
        // Note : If you supply the 16 x 16 bitmaps then you can replace
        // the commented line in the MyToolBarAction constructor
        formatButton    = new MyToolBarAction ( "Resolution", "BtnFormat.jpg" );
        captureButton   = new MyToolBarAction ( "Capture",    "BtnCapture.jpg" );
        toolbar.add ( formatButton );
        toolbar.add ( captureButton );
        getContentPane().add ( toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH );
    protected void toolbarHandler ( MyToolBarAction actionBtn )
        if ( actionBtn == formatButton )
            Object selected = JOptionPane.showInputDialog (this,
                                                           "Select Video format",
                                                           "Capture format selection",
                                                           JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
                                                           null,        //  Icon icon,
                                                           myFormatList, // videoFormats,
                                                           currentFormat );
            if ( selected != null )
                setFormat ( ((MyVideoFormat)selected).format );
        else if ( actionBtn == captureButton )
            Image photo = grabFrameImage ( );
            if ( photo != null )
                MySnapshot snapshot = new MySnapshot ( photo, new Dimension ( imageSize ) );
            else
                System.err.println ("Error : Could not grab frame");
     * autoDetects the first web camera in the system
     * searches for video for windows ( vfw ) capture devices
     * @returns the device info object if found, null otherwise
    public MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] autoDetect ( )
        Vector list = CaptureDeviceManager.getDeviceList ( null );
        CaptureDeviceInfo devInfo = null;
        String name;
        Vector capDevices = new Vector();
        if ( list != null )
            for ( int i=0; i<list.size(); i++ )
                devInfo = (CaptureDeviceInfo)list.elementAt ( i );
                name = devInfo.getName();
                if ( name.startsWith ("vfw:") )
                    System.out.println ("DeviceManager List : " + name );
                    capDevices.addElement ( new MyCaptureDeviceInfo ( devInfo ) );
        else
            for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
                try
                    name = VFWCapture.capGetDriverDescriptionName ( i );
                    if (name != null && name.length() > 1)
                        devInfo = com.sun.media.protocol.vfw.VFWSourceStream.autoDetect ( i );
                        if ( devInfo != null )
                            System.out.println ("VFW Autodetect List : " + name );
                            capDevices.addElement ( new MyCaptureDeviceInfo ( devInfo ) );
                catch ( Exception ioEx )
                    System.err.println ("Error connecting to [" + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() + "] : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
                    // ignore errors detecting device
                    statusBar.setText ( "AutoDetect failed : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
        MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] detected = new MyCaptureDeviceInfo[ capDevices.size() ];
        for ( int i=0; i<capDevices.size(); i++ )
            detected[i] = (MyCaptureDeviceInfo)capDevices.elementAt ( i );
        return ( detected );
     * deviceInfo
     * @note outputs text information
    public void deviceInfo ( )
        if ( webCamDeviceInfo != null )
            Format[] formats = webCamDeviceInfo.getFormats();
            if ( ( formats != null ) && ( formats.length > 0 ) )
            for ( int i=0; i<formats.length; i++ )
                Format aFormat = formats;
if ( aFormat instanceof VideoFormat )
Dimension dim = ((VideoFormat)aFormat).getSize();
// System.out.println ("Video Format " + i + " : " + formats[i].getEncoding() + ", " + dim.width + " x " + dim.height );
else
System.out.println ("Error : No web cam detected");
* grabs a frame's buffer from the web cam / device
* @returns A frames buffer
public Buffer grabFrameBuffer ( )
if ( player != null )
FrameGrabbingControl fgc = (FrameGrabbingControl)player.getControl ( "javax.media.control.FrameGrabbingControl" );
if ( fgc != null )
return ( fgc.grabFrame() );
else
System.err.println ("Error : FrameGrabbingControl is null");
return ( null );
else
System.err.println ("Error : Player is null");
return ( null );
* grabs a frame's buffer, as an image, from the web cam / device
* @returns A frames buffer as an image
public Image grabFrameImage ( )
Buffer buffer = grabFrameBuffer();
if ( buffer != null )
// Convert it to an image
BufferToImage btoi = new BufferToImage ( (VideoFormat)buffer.getFormat() );
if ( btoi != null )
Image image = btoi.createImage ( buffer );
if ( image != null )
return ( image );
else
System.err.println ("Error : BufferToImage cannot convert buffer");
return ( null );
else
System.err.println ("Error : cannot create BufferToImage instance");
return ( null );
else
System.out.println ("Error : Buffer grabbed is null");
return ( null );
* Closes and cleans up the player
public void playerClose ( )
if ( player != null )
player.close();
player.deallocate();
player = null;
public void windowClosing ( WindowEvent e )
playerClose();
System.exit ( 1 );
public void componentResized ( ComponentEvent e )
Dimension dim = getSize();
boolean mustResize = false;
if ( dim.width < MIN_WIDTH )
dim.width = MIN_WIDTH;
mustResize = true;
if ( dim.height < MIN_HEIGHT )
dim.height = MIN_HEIGHT;
mustResize = true;
if ( mustResize )
setSize ( dim );
public void windowActivated ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
public void windowClosed ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
public void windowDeactivated ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
public void windowDeiconified ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
public void windowIconified ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
public void windowOpened ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
public void componentHidden(ComponentEvent e) {   }
public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e) {   }
public void componentShown(ComponentEvent e) {   }
protected void finalize ( ) throws Throwable
playerClose();
super.finalize();
class MyToolBarAction extends AbstractAction
public MyToolBarAction ( String name, String imagefile )
// Note : Use version this if you supply your own toolbar icons
// super ( name, new ImageIcon ( imagefile ) );
super ( name );
public void actionPerformed ( ActionEvent event )
toolbarHandler ( this );
class MyVideoFormat
public VideoFormat format;
public MyVideoFormat ( VideoFormat format )
this.format = format;
public String toString ( )
Dimension dim = format.getSize();
return ( format.getEncoding() + " [ " + dim.width + " x " + dim.height + " ]" );
class MyCaptureDeviceInfo
public CaptureDeviceInfo capDevInfo;
public MyCaptureDeviceInfo ( CaptureDeviceInfo devInfo )
capDevInfo = devInfo;
public String toString ( )
return ( capDevInfo.getName() );
class MySnapshot extends JFrame implements ImageObserver
protected Image photo = null;
protected int shotNumber;
public MySnapshot ( Image grabbedFrame, Dimension imageSize )
super ( );
shotNumber = shotCounter++;
setTitle ( "Photo" + shotNumber );
photo = grabbedFrame;
setDefaultCloseOperation ( WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE );
int imageHeight = photo.getWidth ( this );
int imageWidth = photo.getHeight ( this );
setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height );
final FileDialog saveDialog = new FileDialog ( this, "Save JPEG", FileDialog.SAVE );
final JFrame thisCopy = this;
saveDialog.setFile ( "Photo" + shotNumber );
addWindowListener ( new WindowAdapter()
public void windowClosing ( WindowEvent e )
saveDialog.show();
String filename = saveDialog.getFile();
if ( filename != null )
if ( saveJPEG ( filename ) )
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog ( thisCopy, "Saved " + filename );
setVisible ( false );
dispose();
else
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog ( thisCopy, "Error saving " + filename );
else
setVisible ( false );
dispose();
setVisible ( true );
public void paint ( Graphics g )
super.paint ( g );
g.drawImage ( photo, 0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), Color.black, this );
* Saves an image as a JPEG
* @params the image to save
* @params the filename to save the image as
public boolean saveJPEG ( String filename )
boolean saved = false;
BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage ( photo.getWidth(null),
photo.getHeight(null),
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB );
Graphics2D g2 = bi.createGraphics();
g2.drawImage ( photo, null, null );
FileOutputStream out = null;
try
out = new FileOutputStream ( filename );
JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder ( out );
JPEGEncodeParam param = encoder.getDefaultJPEGEncodeParam ( bi );
param.setQuality ( 1.0f, false ); // 100% high quality setting, no compression
encoder.setJPEGEncodeParam ( param );
encoder.encode ( bi );
out.close();
saved = true;
catch ( Exception ex )
System.out.println ("Error saving JPEG : " + ex.getMessage() );
return ( saved );
} // of MySnapshot
public static void main (String[] args )
try
JWebCam myWebCam = new JWebCam ( "Web Cam Capture" );
myWebCam.setVisible ( true );
if ( !myWebCam.initialise() )
System.out.println ("Web Cam not detected / initialised");
catch ( Exception ex )
ex.printStackTrace();

Answer 1

Hi,
Here's a working version.
If there are no spaces after the "<" symbol, it thinks it's a HTML tag.
Putting spaces in, stops this.
cheers,
Owen
import javax.swing.*;
import javax.swing.border.*;
import java.io.*;
import javax.media.*;
import javax.media.datasink.*;
import javax.media.format.*;
import javax.media.protocol.*;
import javax.media.util.*;
import javax.media.control.*;
import java.util.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.*;
// import com.sun.media.vfw.VFWCapture;         // JMF 2.1.1c version
import com.sun.media.protocol.vfw.VFWCapture;   // JMF 2.1.1e version
public class JWebCam extends JFrame
    implements WindowListener,  ComponentListener
    protected final static int MIN_WIDTH  = 100;  // 320;
    protected final static int MIN_HEIGHT = 100;  // 240;
    protected static int shotCounter = 1;
    protected JLabel statusBar = null;
    protected JPanel visualContainer = null;
    protected Component visualComponent = null;
    protected JToolBar toolbar = null;
    protected MyToolBarAction formatButton    = null;
    protected MyToolBarAction captureButton   = null;
    protected Player player = null;
    protected CaptureDeviceInfo webCamDeviceInfo = null;
    protected MediaLocator ml = null;
    protected Dimension imageSize = null;
    protected FormatControl formatControl = null;
    protected VideoFormat currentFormat = null;
    protected Format[] videoFormats = null;
    protected MyVideoFormat[] myFormatList = null;
    protected MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] myCaptureDevices = null;
    protected boolean initialised = false;
     * Constructor
    public JWebCam ( String frameTitle )
        super ( frameTitle );
        try
            UIManager.setLookAndFeel("javax.swing.plaf.metal.MetalLookAndFeel");
        catch ( Exception cnfe )
            System.out.println ("Note : Cannot load look and feel settings");
        setSize ( 320, 260 ); // default size...
        addWindowListener ( this );
        addComponentListener ( this );
        getContentPane().setLayout ( new BorderLayout() );
        visualContainer = new JPanel();
        visualContainer.setLayout ( new BorderLayout() );
        getContentPane().add ( visualContainer, BorderLayout.CENTER );
        statusBar = new JLabel ("")
            // Nasty bug workaround
            // The minimum JLabel size was determined by the text in the status bar
            // So the layoutmanager wouldn't shrink the window for the video image
            public Dimension getPreferredSize (  )
                // get the JLabel to "allow" a minimum of 10 pixels width
                // not to work out the minimum size from the text length
                return ( new Dimension ( 10, super.getPreferredSize().height ) );
        statusBar.setBorder ( new EtchedBorder() );
        getContentPane().add ( statusBar, BorderLayout.SOUTH );
     * Initialise
     * @returns true if web cam is detected
    public boolean initialise ( )
        throws Exception
        MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] cams = autoDetect();
        if ( cams.length > 0 )
            if ( cams.length == 1 )
                 System.out.println ("Note : 1 web cam detected");
                 return ( initialise ( cams[0].capDevInfo ) );
            else
                System.out.println ("Note : " + cams.length + " web cams detected");
                Object selected = JOptionPane.showInputDialog (this,
                                                               "Select Video format",
                                                               "Capture format selection",
                                                               JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
                                                               null,        //  Icon icon,
                                                               cams, // videoFormats,
                                                               cams[0] );
                if ( selected != null )
                    return ( initialise ( ((MyCaptureDeviceInfo)selected).capDevInfo ) );
                else
                    return ( initialise ( null ) );
        else
            return ( initialise ( null ) );
     * Initialise
     * @params _deviceInfo, specific web cam device if not autodetected
     * @returns true if web cam is detected
    public boolean initialise ( CaptureDeviceInfo _deviceInfo )
        throws Exception
        statusBar.setText ( "Initialising...");
        webCamDeviceInfo = _deviceInfo;
        if ( webCamDeviceInfo != null )
            statusBar.setText ( "Connecting to : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
            try
                setUpToolBar();
                getContentPane().add ( toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH );
                ml = webCamDeviceInfo.getLocator();
                if ( ml != null )
                    player = Manager.createRealizedPlayer ( ml );
                    if ( player != null )
                        player.start();
                        formatControl = (FormatControl)player.getControl ( "javax.media.control.FormatControl" );
                        videoFormats = webCamDeviceInfo.getFormats();
                        myFormatList = new MyVideoFormat[videoFormats.length];
                        for ( int i=0; i < videoFormats.length; i++ )
                            myFormatList[i] = new MyVideoFormat ( (VideoFormat)videoFormats[i] );
                        Format currFormat = formatControl.getFormat();
                        visualComponent = player.getVisualComponent();
                        if ( visualComponent != null )
                            visualContainer.add ( visualComponent, BorderLayout.CENTER );
                            if ( currFormat instanceof VideoFormat )
                                 currentFormat = (VideoFormat)currFormat;
                                 imageSize = currentFormat.getSize();
                                 visualContainer.setPreferredSize ( imageSize );
                                 setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height + statusBar.getHeight() + toolbar.getHeight() );
                            else
                                System.err.println ("Error : Cannot get current video format");
                            invalidate();
                            pack();
                            return ( true );
                        else
                            System.err.println ("Error : Could not get visual component");
                            return ( false );
                    else
                        System.err.println ("Error : Cannot create player");
                        statusBar.setText ( "Cannot create player" );
                        return ( false );
                else
                    System.err.println ("Error : No MediaLocator for " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                    statusBar.setText ( "No Media Locator for : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                    return ( false );
            catch ( IOException ioEx )
                System.err.println ("Error connecting to [" + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() + "] : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
                statusBar.setText ( "Connecting to : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                return ( false );
            catch ( NoPlayerException npex )
                statusBar.setText ("Cannot create player");
                return ( false );
            catch ( CannotRealizeException nre )
                statusBar.setText ( "Cannot realize player");
                return ( false );
        else
            return ( false );
     * Dynamically create menu items
     * @returns the device info object if found, null otherwise
    public void setFormat ( VideoFormat selectedFormat )
        if ( formatControl != null )
            player.stop();
            currentFormat = selectedFormat;
            if ( visualComponent != null )
                 visualContainer.remove ( visualComponent );
            imageSize = currentFormat.getSize();
            visualContainer.setPreferredSize ( imageSize );
            statusBar.setText ( "Format : " + currentFormat );
            System.out.println ("Format : " + currentFormat );
            formatControl.setFormat ( currentFormat );
            player.start();
            visualComponent = player.getVisualComponent();
            if ( visualComponent != null )
                visualContainer.add ( visualComponent, BorderLayout.CENTER );
            invalidate();       // let the layout manager work out the sizes
            pack();
        else
            System.out.println ("Visual component not an instance of FormatControl");
            statusBar.setText ( "Visual component cannot change format" );
    public VideoFormat getFormat ( )
        return ( currentFormat );
    protected void setUpToolBar ( )
        toolbar = new JToolBar();
        // Note : due to cosmetic glitches when undocking and docking the toolbar,
        //        I've set this to false.
        toolbar.setFloatable(false);
        // Note : If you supply the 16 x 16 bitmaps then you can replace
        // the commented line in the MyToolBarAction constructor
        formatButton    = new MyToolBarAction ( "Resolution", "BtnFormat.jpg" );
        captureButton   = new MyToolBarAction ( "Capture",    "BtnCapture.jpg" );
        toolbar.add ( formatButton );
        toolbar.add ( captureButton );
        getContentPane().add ( toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH );
    protected void toolbarHandler ( MyToolBarAction actionBtn )
        if ( actionBtn == formatButton )
            Object selected = JOptionPane.showInputDialog (this,
                                                           "Select Video format",
                                                           "Capture format selection",
                                                           JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
                                                           null,        //  Icon icon,
                                                           myFormatList, // videoFormats,
                                                           currentFormat );
            if ( selected != null )
                setFormat ( ((MyVideoFormat)selected).format );
        else if ( actionBtn == captureButton )
            Image photo = grabFrameImage ( );
            if ( photo != null )
                MySnapshot snapshot = new MySnapshot ( photo, new Dimension ( imageSize ) );
            else
                System.err.println ("Error : Could not grab frame");
     * autoDetects the first web camera in the system
     * searches for video for windows ( vfw ) capture devices
     * @returns the device info object if found, null otherwise
    public MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] autoDetect ( )
        Vector list = CaptureDeviceManager.getDeviceList ( null );
        CaptureDeviceInfo devInfo = null;
        String name;
        Vector capDevices = new Vector();
        if ( list != null )
            for ( int i=0; i < list.size(); i++ )
                devInfo = (CaptureDeviceInfo)list.elementAt ( i );
                name = devInfo.getName();
                if ( name.startsWith ("vfw:") )
                    System.out.println ("DeviceManager List : " + name );
                    capDevices.addElement ( new MyCaptureDeviceInfo ( devInfo ) );
        else
            for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
                try
                    name = VFWCapture.capGetDriverDescriptionName ( i );
                    if (name != null && name.length() > 1)
                        devInfo = com.sun.media.protocol.vfw.VFWSourceStream.autoDetect ( i );
                        if ( devInfo != null )
                            System.out.println ("VFW Autodetect List : " + name );
                            capDevices.addElement ( new MyCaptureDeviceInfo ( devInfo ) );
                catch ( Exception ioEx )
                    System.err.println ("Error connecting to [" + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() + "] : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
                    // ignore errors detecting device
                    statusBar.setText ( "AutoDetect failed : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
        MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] detected = new MyCaptureDeviceInfo[ capDevices.size() ];
        for ( int i=0; i < capDevices.size(); i++ )
            detected[i] = (MyCaptureDeviceInfo)capDevices.elementAt ( i );
        return ( detected );
     * deviceInfo
     * @note outputs text information
    public void deviceInfo ( )
        if ( webCamDeviceInfo != null )
            Format[] formats = webCamDeviceInfo.getFormats();
            if ( ( formats != null ) && ( formats.length > 0 ) )
            for ( int i=0; i < formats.length; i++ )
                Format aFormat = formats;
if ( aFormat instanceof VideoFormat )
Dimension dim = ((VideoFormat)aFormat).getSize();
// System.out.println ("Video Format " + i + " : " + formats[i].getEncoding() + ", " + dim.width + " x " + dim.height );
else
System.out.println ("Error : No web cam detected");
* grabs a frame's buffer from the web cam / device
* @returns A frames buffer
public Buffer grabFrameBuffer ( )
if ( player != null )
FrameGrabbingControl fgc = (FrameGrabbingControl)player.getControl ( "javax.media.control.FrameGrabbingControl" );
if ( fgc != null )
return ( fgc.grabFrame() );
else
System.err.println ("Error : FrameGrabbingControl is null");
return ( null );
else
System.err.println ("Error : Player is null");
return ( null );
* grabs a frame's buffer, as an image, from the web cam / device
* @returns A frames buffer as an image
public Image grabFrameImage ( )
Buffer buffer = grabFrameBuffer();
if ( buffer != null )
// Convert it to an image
BufferToImage btoi = new BufferToImage ( (VideoFormat)buffer.getFormat() );
if ( btoi != null )
Image image = btoi.createImage ( buffer );
if ( image != null )
return ( image );
else
System.err.println ("Error : BufferToImage cannot convert buffer");
return ( null );
else
System.err.println ("Error : cannot create BufferToImage instance");
return ( null );
else
System.out.println ("Error : Buffer grabbed is null");
return ( null );
* Closes and cleans up the player
public void playerClose ( )
if ( player != null )
player.close();
player.deallocate();
player = null;
public void windowClosing ( WindowEvent e )
playerClose();
System.exit ( 1 );
public void componentResized ( ComponentEvent e )
Dimension dim = getSize();
boolean mustResize = false;
if ( dim.width < MIN_WIDTH )
dim.width = MIN_WIDTH;
mustResize = true;
if ( dim.height < MIN_HEIGHT )
dim.height = MIN_HEIGHT;
mustResize = true;
if ( mustResize )
setSize ( dim );
public void windowActivated ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
public void windowClosed ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
public void windowDeactivated ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
public void windowDeiconified ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
public void windowIconified ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
public void windowOpened ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
public void componentHidden(ComponentEvent e) {   }
public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e) {   }
public void componentShown(ComponentEvent e) {   }
protected void finalize ( ) throws Throwable
playerClose();
super.finalize();
class MyToolBarAction extends AbstractAction
public MyToolBarAction ( String name, String imagefile )
// Note : Use version this if you supply your own toolbar icons
// super ( name, new ImageIcon ( imagefile ) );
super ( name );
public void actionPerformed ( ActionEvent event )
toolbarHandler ( this );
class MyVideoFormat
public VideoFormat format;
public MyVideoFormat ( VideoFormat format )
this.format = format;
public String toString ( )
Dimension dim = format.getSize();
return ( format.getEncoding() + " [ " + dim.width + " x " + dim.height + " ]" );
class MyCaptureDeviceInfo
public CaptureDeviceInfo capDevInfo;
public MyCaptureDeviceInfo ( CaptureDeviceInfo devInfo )
capDevInfo = devInfo;
public String toString ( )
return ( capDevInfo.getName() );
class MySnapshot extends JFrame implements ImageObserver
protected Image photo = null;
protected int shotNumber;
public MySnapshot ( Image grabbedFrame, Dimension imageSize )
super ( );
shotNumber = shotCounter++;
setTitle ( "Photo" + shotNumber );
photo = grabbedFrame;
setDefaultCloseOperation ( WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE );
int imageHeight = photo.getWidth ( this );
int imageWidth = photo.getHeight ( this );
setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height );
final FileDialog saveDialog = new FileDialog ( this, "Save JPEG", FileDialog.SAVE );
final JFrame thisCopy = this;
saveDialog.setFile ( "Photo" + shotNumber );
addWindowListener ( new WindowAdapter()
public void windowClosing ( WindowEvent e )
saveDialog.show();
String filename = saveDialog.getFile();
if ( filename != null )
if ( saveJPEG ( filename ) )
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog ( thisCopy, "Saved " + filename );
setVisible ( false );
dispose();
else
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog ( thisCopy, "Error saving " + filename );
else
setVisible ( false );
dispose();
setVisible ( true );
public void paint ( Graphics g )
super.paint ( g );
g.drawImage ( photo, 0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), Color.black, this );
* Saves an image as a JPEG
* @params the image to save
* @params the filename to save the image as
public boolean saveJPEG ( String filename )
boolean saved = false;
BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage ( photo.getWidth(null),
photo.getHeight(null),
BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB );
Graphics2D g2 = bi.createGraphics();
g2.drawImage ( photo, null, null );
FileOutputStream out = null;
try
out = new FileOutputStream ( filename );
JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder ( out );
JPEGEncodeParam param = encoder.getDefaultJPEGEncodeParam ( bi );
param.setQuality ( 1.0f, false ); // 100% high quality setting, no compression
encoder.setJPEGEncodeParam ( param );
encoder.encode ( bi );
out.close();
saved = true;
catch ( Exception ex )
System.out.println ("Error saving JPEG : " + ex.getMessage() );
return ( saved );
} // of MySnapshot
public static void main (String[] args )
try
JWebCam myWebCam = new JWebCam ( "Web Cam Capture" );
myWebCam.setVisible ( true );
if ( !myWebCam.initialise() )
System.out.println ("Web Cam not detected / initialised");
catch ( Exception ex )
ex.printStackTrace();