Video camera capture/streaming: example implementation

If anyone is interested I have put together a very simple video capture app using LTI-CIVIL (an open source video streaming library for Java) and using JavaFX. This is a more complete/useful example of some code I posted months ago doing something similar.
Performance and reliability seems to be reasonable but I have not tested heavily.
The code (ANT build included) can be found at: http://code.google.com/p/jfxcamera/source/browse/trunk/
The code is simple (one class only) and intended to be demonstration so you can copy/paste and hack at to get it into your own project if you want. Note that the LTI-CIVIL project is nothing to do with me, I've just integrated it. If you find this at all useful thank whoever made LTI-CIVIL - my effort was trivial.
According to the website LTI-CIVIL supports the big 3 OS's but I have only tested it on Windows (only runs on a 32 bit windows JVM, there is no 64bit version of LTI-CIVIL). The code should be the same however.
http://lti-civil.org/
I realise this is hardly the full/proper support for media capture that this request is asking for but if you're really needing something while the JFX guys are working on a more integrated solution, this could be your answer.
Questions/problems: reply to this thread and I will try and answer.

This gives some useful info on the Lumia Video Camera 
http://allaboutwindowsphone.com/reviews/item/13757_Nokia_Lumia_800-Part_2b-Camcor.php
If I have helped at all, a click on the White Star is always appreciated :
you can also help others by marking 'accept as solution' 

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  • Updated : No question, just example web cam capture code

    Hi,
    I posted this example a while back, but it had some cosmetic bugs in it.
    Here's an updated version.
    Quick Start
    1. Install JMF 2.1.1e (performance pack version)
    ( see imports list in source code if you really want to run it using the older version 2.1.1c )
    2. You have to set the JMF_HOME or JMFHOME environment variable. Can't remember which one.
    "Nearly sure" it's JMF_HOME.
    3. Connect your camera
    4. run jmfinit ( may need to do a few times until it detects your camera )
    When it does, you're in business, and you can try to run the code
    5. Run java -cp .;%JMF_HOME%\lib\jmf.jar JWebCam
    known issue
    Under Java 1.5 / 5 - When capturing a frame, and then resizing that snapshots JFrame, the image did not always scale up and display.
    That does work under Java 1.3.1_06 .
    Tested on Win98 2nd edition, Java 1.3.1_06, and Creative Web Cam Pro.
    Legal stuff in plain english : This code is available for use by everyone, personal or commercial, no need to mention me in licenses or anything. It's just a demo I knocked up for myself. So I am under no obligation to support this. Use it at your own risk.... that implies you can't blame or sue me for anything that goes wrong.
    If you like the code, I'd be happy to hear whereabouts you are in the world :-)
    Also note : this is the limits of my JMF experience at present.
    If you've a separate question, post it to a new topic!
    regards,
    Owen ( Dublin, Ireland )
    import javax.swing.*;
    import javax.swing.border.*;
    import java.io.*;
    import javax.media.*;
    import javax.media.datasink.*;
    import javax.media.format.*;
    import javax.media.protocol.*;
    import javax.media.util.*;
    import javax.media.control.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.image.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.*;
    // import com.sun.media.vfw.VFWCapture;         // JMF 2.1.1c version
    import com.sun.media.protocol.vfw.VFWCapture;   // JMF 2.1.1e version
    public class JWebCam extends JFrame
        implements WindowListener,  ComponentListener
        protected final static int MIN_WIDTH  = 100;  // 320;
        protected final static int MIN_HEIGHT = 100;  // 240;
        protected static int shotCounter = 1;
        protected JLabel statusBar = null;
        protected JPanel visualContainer = null;
        protected Component visualComponent = null;
        protected JToolBar toolbar = null;
        protected MyToolBarAction formatButton    = null;
        protected MyToolBarAction captureButton   = null;
        protected Player player = null;
        protected CaptureDeviceInfo webCamDeviceInfo = null;
        protected MediaLocator ml = null;
        protected Dimension imageSize = null;
        protected FormatControl formatControl = null;
        protected VideoFormat currentFormat = null;
        protected Format[] videoFormats = null;
        protected MyVideoFormat[] myFormatList = null;
        protected MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] myCaptureDevices = null;
        protected boolean initialised = false;
         * Constructor
        public JWebCam ( String frameTitle )
            super ( frameTitle );
            try
                UIManager.setLookAndFeel("javax.swing.plaf.metal.MetalLookAndFeel");
            catch ( Exception cnfe )
                System.out.println ("Note : Cannot load look and feel settings");
            setSize ( 320, 260 ); // default size...
            addWindowListener ( this );
            addComponentListener ( this );
            getContentPane().setLayout ( new BorderLayout() );
            visualContainer = new JPanel();
            visualContainer.setLayout ( new BorderLayout() );
            getContentPane().add ( visualContainer, BorderLayout.CENTER );
            statusBar = new JLabel ("")
                // Nasty bug workaround
                // The minimum JLabel size was determined by the text in the status bar
                // So the layoutmanager wouldn't shrink the window for the video image
                public Dimension getPreferredSize (  )
                    // get the JLabel to "allow" a minimum of 10 pixels width
                    // not to work out the minimum size from the text length
                    return ( new Dimension ( 10, super.getPreferredSize().height ) );
            statusBar.setBorder ( new EtchedBorder() );
            getContentPane().add ( statusBar, BorderLayout.SOUTH );
         * Initialise
         * @returns true if web cam is detected
        public boolean initialise ( )
            throws Exception
            MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] cams = autoDetect();
            if ( cams.length > 0 )
                if ( cams.length == 1 )
                     System.out.println ("Note : 1 web cam detected");
                     return ( initialise ( cams[0].capDevInfo ) );
                else
                    System.out.println ("Note : " + cams.length + " web cams detected");
                    Object selected = JOptionPane.showInputDialog (this,
                                                                   "Select Video format",
                                                                   "Capture format selection",
                                                                   JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
                                                                   null,        //  Icon icon,
                                                                   cams, // videoFormats,
                                                                   cams[0] );
                    if ( selected != null )
                        return ( initialise ( ((MyCaptureDeviceInfo)selected).capDevInfo ) );
                    else
                        return ( initialise ( null ) );
            else
                return ( initialise ( null ) );
         * Initialise
         * @params _deviceInfo, specific web cam device if not autodetected
         * @returns true if web cam is detected
        public boolean initialise ( CaptureDeviceInfo _deviceInfo )
            throws Exception
            statusBar.setText ( "Initialising...");
            webCamDeviceInfo = _deviceInfo;
            if ( webCamDeviceInfo != null )
                statusBar.setText ( "Connecting to : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                try
                    setUpToolBar();
                    getContentPane().add ( toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH );
                    ml = webCamDeviceInfo.getLocator();
                    if ( ml != null )
                        player = Manager.createRealizedPlayer ( ml );
                        if ( player != null )
                            player.start();
                            formatControl = (FormatControl)player.getControl ( "javax.media.control.FormatControl" );
                            videoFormats = webCamDeviceInfo.getFormats();
                            myFormatList = new MyVideoFormat[videoFormats.length];
                            for ( int i=0; i<videoFormats.length; i++ )
                                myFormatList[i] = new MyVideoFormat ( (VideoFormat)videoFormats[i] );
                            Format currFormat = formatControl.getFormat();
                            visualComponent = player.getVisualComponent();
                            if ( visualComponent != null )
                                visualContainer.add ( visualComponent, BorderLayout.CENTER );
                                if ( currFormat instanceof VideoFormat )
                                     currentFormat = (VideoFormat)currFormat;
                                     imageSize = currentFormat.getSize();
                                     visualContainer.setPreferredSize ( imageSize );
                                     setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height + statusBar.getHeight() + toolbar.getHeight() );
                                else
                                    System.err.println ("Error : Cannot get current video format");
                                invalidate();
                                pack();
                                return ( true );
                            else
                                System.err.println ("Error : Could not get visual component");
                                return ( false );
                        else
                            System.err.println ("Error : Cannot create player");
                            statusBar.setText ( "Cannot create player" );
                            return ( false );
                    else
                        System.err.println ("Error : No MediaLocator for " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                        statusBar.setText ( "No Media Locator for : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                        return ( false );
                catch ( IOException ioEx )
                    System.err.println ("Error connecting to [" + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() + "] : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
                    statusBar.setText ( "Connecting to : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                    return ( false );
                catch ( NoPlayerException npex )
                    statusBar.setText ("Cannot create player");
                    return ( false );
                catch ( CannotRealizeException nre )
                    statusBar.setText ( "Cannot realize player");
                    return ( false );
            else
                return ( false );
         * Dynamically create menu items
         * @returns the device info object if found, null otherwise
        public void setFormat ( VideoFormat selectedFormat )
            if ( formatControl != null )
                // player.stop();       // not needed and big performance hit
                currentFormat = selectedFormat;
                if ( visualComponent != null )
                     visualContainer.remove ( visualComponent );
                imageSize = currentFormat.getSize();
                visualContainer.setPreferredSize ( imageSize );
                statusBar.setText ( "Format : " + currentFormat );
                System.out.println ("Format : " + currentFormat );
                formatControl.setFormat ( currentFormat );
                // player.start();  // not needed and big performance hit
                visualComponent = player.getVisualComponent();
                if ( visualComponent != null )
                    visualContainer.add ( visualComponent, BorderLayout.CENTER );
                invalidate();       // let the layout manager work out the sizes
                pack();
            else
                System.out.println ("Visual component not an instance of FormatControl");
                statusBar.setText ( "Visual component cannot change format" );
        public VideoFormat getFormat ( )
            return ( currentFormat );
        protected void setUpToolBar ( )
            toolbar = new JToolBar();
            // Note : due to cosmetic glitches when undocking and docking the toolbar,
            //        I've set this to false.
            toolbar.setFloatable(false);
            // Note : If you supply the 16 x 16 bitmaps then you can replace
            // the commented line in the MyToolBarAction constructor
            formatButton    = new MyToolBarAction ( "Resolution", "BtnFormat.jpg" );
            captureButton   = new MyToolBarAction ( "Capture",    "BtnCapture.jpg" );
            toolbar.add ( formatButton );
            toolbar.add ( captureButton );
            getContentPane().add ( toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH );
        protected void toolbarHandler ( MyToolBarAction actionBtn )
            if ( actionBtn == formatButton )
                Object selected = JOptionPane.showInputDialog (this,
                                                               "Select Video format",
                                                               "Capture format selection",
                                                               JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
                                                               null,        //  Icon icon,
                                                               myFormatList, // videoFormats,
                                                               currentFormat );
                if ( selected != null )
                    setFormat ( ((MyVideoFormat)selected).format );
            else if ( actionBtn == captureButton )
                Image photo = grabFrameImage ( );
                if ( photo != null )
                    MySnapshot snapshot = new MySnapshot ( photo, new Dimension ( imageSize ) );
                else
                    System.err.println ("Error : Could not grab frame");
         * autoDetects the first web camera in the system
         * searches for video for windows ( vfw ) capture devices
         * @returns the device info object if found, null otherwise
        public MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] autoDetect ( )
            Vector list = CaptureDeviceManager.getDeviceList ( null );
            CaptureDeviceInfo devInfo = null;
            String name;
            Vector capDevices = new Vector();
            if ( list != null )
                for ( int i=0; i<list.size(); i++ )
                    devInfo = (CaptureDeviceInfo)list.elementAt ( i );
                    name = devInfo.getName();
                    if ( name.startsWith ("vfw:") )
                        System.out.println ("DeviceManager List : " + name );
                        capDevices.addElement ( new MyCaptureDeviceInfo ( devInfo ) );
            else
                for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
                    try
                        name = VFWCapture.capGetDriverDescriptionName ( i );
                        if (name != null && name.length() > 1)
                            devInfo = com.sun.media.protocol.vfw.VFWSourceStream.autoDetect ( i );
                            if ( devInfo != null )
                                System.out.println ("VFW Autodetect List : " + name );
                                capDevices.addElement ( new MyCaptureDeviceInfo ( devInfo ) );
                    catch ( Exception ioEx )
                        System.err.println ("Error connecting to [" + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() + "] : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
                        // ignore errors detecting device
                        statusBar.setText ( "AutoDetect failed : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
            MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] detected = new MyCaptureDeviceInfo[ capDevices.size() ];
            for ( int i=0; i<capDevices.size(); i++ )
                detected[i] = (MyCaptureDeviceInfo)capDevices.elementAt ( i );
            return ( detected );
         * deviceInfo
         * @note outputs text information
        public void deviceInfo ( )
            if ( webCamDeviceInfo != null )
                Format[] formats = webCamDeviceInfo.getFormats();
                if ( ( formats != null ) && ( formats.length > 0 ) )
                for ( int i=0; i<formats.length; i++ )
                    Format aFormat = formats;
    if ( aFormat instanceof VideoFormat )
    Dimension dim = ((VideoFormat)aFormat).getSize();
    // System.out.println ("Video Format " + i + " : " + formats[i].getEncoding() + ", " + dim.width + " x " + dim.height );
    else
    System.out.println ("Error : No web cam detected");
    * grabs a frame's buffer from the web cam / device
    * @returns A frames buffer
    public Buffer grabFrameBuffer ( )
    if ( player != null )
    FrameGrabbingControl fgc = (FrameGrabbingControl)player.getControl ( "javax.media.control.FrameGrabbingControl" );
    if ( fgc != null )
    return ( fgc.grabFrame() );
    else
    System.err.println ("Error : FrameGrabbingControl is null");
    return ( null );
    else
    System.err.println ("Error : Player is null");
    return ( null );
    * grabs a frame's buffer, as an image, from the web cam / device
    * @returns A frames buffer as an image
    public Image grabFrameImage ( )
    Buffer buffer = grabFrameBuffer();
    if ( buffer != null )
    // Convert it to an image
    BufferToImage btoi = new BufferToImage ( (VideoFormat)buffer.getFormat() );
    if ( btoi != null )
    Image image = btoi.createImage ( buffer );
    if ( image != null )
    return ( image );
    else
    System.err.println ("Error : BufferToImage cannot convert buffer");
    return ( null );
    else
    System.err.println ("Error : cannot create BufferToImage instance");
    return ( null );
    else
    System.out.println ("Error : Buffer grabbed is null");
    return ( null );
    * Closes and cleans up the player
    public void playerClose ( )
    if ( player != null )
    player.close();
    player.deallocate();
    player = null;
    public void windowClosing ( WindowEvent e )
    playerClose();
    System.exit ( 1 );
    public void componentResized ( ComponentEvent e )
    Dimension dim = getSize();
    boolean mustResize = false;
    if ( dim.width < MIN_WIDTH )
    dim.width = MIN_WIDTH;
    mustResize = true;
    if ( dim.height < MIN_HEIGHT )
    dim.height = MIN_HEIGHT;
    mustResize = true;
    if ( mustResize )
    setSize ( dim );
    public void windowActivated ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowClosed ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowDeactivated ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowDeiconified ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowIconified ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowOpened ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void componentHidden(ComponentEvent e) {   }
    public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e) {   }
    public void componentShown(ComponentEvent e) {   }
    protected void finalize ( ) throws Throwable
    playerClose();
    super.finalize();
    class MyToolBarAction extends AbstractAction
    public MyToolBarAction ( String name, String imagefile )
    // Note : Use version this if you supply your own toolbar icons
    // super ( name, new ImageIcon ( imagefile ) );
    super ( name );
    public void actionPerformed ( ActionEvent event )
    toolbarHandler ( this );
    class MyVideoFormat
    public VideoFormat format;
    public MyVideoFormat ( VideoFormat format )
    this.format = format;
    public String toString ( )
    Dimension dim = format.getSize();
    return ( format.getEncoding() + " [ " + dim.width + " x " + dim.height + " ]" );
    class MyCaptureDeviceInfo
    public CaptureDeviceInfo capDevInfo;
    public MyCaptureDeviceInfo ( CaptureDeviceInfo devInfo )
    capDevInfo = devInfo;
    public String toString ( )
    return ( capDevInfo.getName() );
    class MySnapshot extends JFrame implements ImageObserver
    protected Image photo = null;
    protected int shotNumber;
    public MySnapshot ( Image grabbedFrame, Dimension imageSize )
    super ( );
    shotNumber = shotCounter++;
    setTitle ( "Photo" + shotNumber );
    photo = grabbedFrame;
    setDefaultCloseOperation ( WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE );
    int imageHeight = photo.getWidth ( this );
    int imageWidth = photo.getHeight ( this );
    setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height );
    final FileDialog saveDialog = new FileDialog ( this, "Save JPEG", FileDialog.SAVE );
    final JFrame thisCopy = this;
    saveDialog.setFile ( "Photo" + shotNumber );
    addWindowListener ( new WindowAdapter()
    public void windowClosing ( WindowEvent e )
    saveDialog.show();
    String filename = saveDialog.getFile();
    if ( filename != null )
    if ( saveJPEG ( filename ) )
    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog ( thisCopy, "Saved " + filename );
    setVisible ( false );
    dispose();
    else
    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog ( thisCopy, "Error saving " + filename );
    else
    setVisible ( false );
    dispose();
    setVisible ( true );
    public void paint ( Graphics g )
    super.paint ( g );
    g.drawImage ( photo, 0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), Color.black, this );
    * Saves an image as a JPEG
    * @params the image to save
    * @params the filename to save the image as
    public boolean saveJPEG ( String filename )
    boolean saved = false;
    BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage ( photo.getWidth(null),
    photo.getHeight(null),
    BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB );
    Graphics2D g2 = bi.createGraphics();
    g2.drawImage ( photo, null, null );
    FileOutputStream out = null;
    try
    out = new FileOutputStream ( filename );
    JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder ( out );
    JPEGEncodeParam param = encoder.getDefaultJPEGEncodeParam ( bi );
    param.setQuality ( 1.0f, false ); // 100% high quality setting, no compression
    encoder.setJPEGEncodeParam ( param );
    encoder.encode ( bi );
    out.close();
    saved = true;
    catch ( Exception ex )
    System.out.println ("Error saving JPEG : " + ex.getMessage() );
    return ( saved );
    } // of MySnapshot
    public static void main (String[] args )
    try
    JWebCam myWebCam = new JWebCam ( "Web Cam Capture" );
    myWebCam.setVisible ( true );
    if ( !myWebCam.initialise() )
    System.out.println ("Web Cam not detected / initialised");
    catch ( Exception ex )
    ex.printStackTrace();

    Hi,
    Here's a working version.
    If there are no spaces after the "<" symbol, it thinks it's a HTML tag.
    Putting spaces in, stops this.
    cheers,
    Owen
    import javax.swing.*;
    import javax.swing.border.*;
    import java.io.*;
    import javax.media.*;
    import javax.media.datasink.*;
    import javax.media.format.*;
    import javax.media.protocol.*;
    import javax.media.util.*;
    import javax.media.control.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.image.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.*;
    // import com.sun.media.vfw.VFWCapture;         // JMF 2.1.1c version
    import com.sun.media.protocol.vfw.VFWCapture;   // JMF 2.1.1e version
    public class JWebCam extends JFrame
        implements WindowListener,  ComponentListener
        protected final static int MIN_WIDTH  = 100;  // 320;
        protected final static int MIN_HEIGHT = 100;  // 240;
        protected static int shotCounter = 1;
        protected JLabel statusBar = null;
        protected JPanel visualContainer = null;
        protected Component visualComponent = null;
        protected JToolBar toolbar = null;
        protected MyToolBarAction formatButton    = null;
        protected MyToolBarAction captureButton   = null;
        protected Player player = null;
        protected CaptureDeviceInfo webCamDeviceInfo = null;
        protected MediaLocator ml = null;
        protected Dimension imageSize = null;
        protected FormatControl formatControl = null;
        protected VideoFormat currentFormat = null;
        protected Format[] videoFormats = null;
        protected MyVideoFormat[] myFormatList = null;
        protected MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] myCaptureDevices = null;
        protected boolean initialised = false;
         * Constructor
        public JWebCam ( String frameTitle )
            super ( frameTitle );
            try
                UIManager.setLookAndFeel("javax.swing.plaf.metal.MetalLookAndFeel");
            catch ( Exception cnfe )
                System.out.println ("Note : Cannot load look and feel settings");
            setSize ( 320, 260 ); // default size...
            addWindowListener ( this );
            addComponentListener ( this );
            getContentPane().setLayout ( new BorderLayout() );
            visualContainer = new JPanel();
            visualContainer.setLayout ( new BorderLayout() );
            getContentPane().add ( visualContainer, BorderLayout.CENTER );
            statusBar = new JLabel ("")
                // Nasty bug workaround
                // The minimum JLabel size was determined by the text in the status bar
                // So the layoutmanager wouldn't shrink the window for the video image
                public Dimension getPreferredSize (  )
                    // get the JLabel to "allow" a minimum of 10 pixels width
                    // not to work out the minimum size from the text length
                    return ( new Dimension ( 10, super.getPreferredSize().height ) );
            statusBar.setBorder ( new EtchedBorder() );
            getContentPane().add ( statusBar, BorderLayout.SOUTH );
         * Initialise
         * @returns true if web cam is detected
        public boolean initialise ( )
            throws Exception
            MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] cams = autoDetect();
            if ( cams.length > 0 )
                if ( cams.length == 1 )
                     System.out.println ("Note : 1 web cam detected");
                     return ( initialise ( cams[0].capDevInfo ) );
                else
                    System.out.println ("Note : " + cams.length + " web cams detected");
                    Object selected = JOptionPane.showInputDialog (this,
                                                                   "Select Video format",
                                                                   "Capture format selection",
                                                                   JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
                                                                   null,        //  Icon icon,
                                                                   cams, // videoFormats,
                                                                   cams[0] );
                    if ( selected != null )
                        return ( initialise ( ((MyCaptureDeviceInfo)selected).capDevInfo ) );
                    else
                        return ( initialise ( null ) );
            else
                return ( initialise ( null ) );
         * Initialise
         * @params _deviceInfo, specific web cam device if not autodetected
         * @returns true if web cam is detected
        public boolean initialise ( CaptureDeviceInfo _deviceInfo )
            throws Exception
            statusBar.setText ( "Initialising...");
            webCamDeviceInfo = _deviceInfo;
            if ( webCamDeviceInfo != null )
                statusBar.setText ( "Connecting to : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                try
                    setUpToolBar();
                    getContentPane().add ( toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH );
                    ml = webCamDeviceInfo.getLocator();
                    if ( ml != null )
                        player = Manager.createRealizedPlayer ( ml );
                        if ( player != null )
                            player.start();
                            formatControl = (FormatControl)player.getControl ( "javax.media.control.FormatControl" );
                            videoFormats = webCamDeviceInfo.getFormats();
                            myFormatList = new MyVideoFormat[videoFormats.length];
                            for ( int i=0; i < videoFormats.length; i++ )
                                myFormatList[i] = new MyVideoFormat ( (VideoFormat)videoFormats[i] );
                            Format currFormat = formatControl.getFormat();
                            visualComponent = player.getVisualComponent();
                            if ( visualComponent != null )
                                visualContainer.add ( visualComponent, BorderLayout.CENTER );
                                if ( currFormat instanceof VideoFormat )
                                     currentFormat = (VideoFormat)currFormat;
                                     imageSize = currentFormat.getSize();
                                     visualContainer.setPreferredSize ( imageSize );
                                     setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height + statusBar.getHeight() + toolbar.getHeight() );
                                else
                                    System.err.println ("Error : Cannot get current video format");
                                invalidate();
                                pack();
                                return ( true );
                            else
                                System.err.println ("Error : Could not get visual component");
                                return ( false );
                        else
                            System.err.println ("Error : Cannot create player");
                            statusBar.setText ( "Cannot create player" );
                            return ( false );
                    else
                        System.err.println ("Error : No MediaLocator for " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                        statusBar.setText ( "No Media Locator for : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                        return ( false );
                catch ( IOException ioEx )
                    System.err.println ("Error connecting to [" + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() + "] : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
                    statusBar.setText ( "Connecting to : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                    return ( false );
                catch ( NoPlayerException npex )
                    statusBar.setText ("Cannot create player");
                    return ( false );
                catch ( CannotRealizeException nre )
                    statusBar.setText ( "Cannot realize player");
                    return ( false );
            else
                return ( false );
         * Dynamically create menu items
         * @returns the device info object if found, null otherwise
        public void setFormat ( VideoFormat selectedFormat )
            if ( formatControl != null )
                player.stop();
                currentFormat = selectedFormat;
                if ( visualComponent != null )
                     visualContainer.remove ( visualComponent );
                imageSize = currentFormat.getSize();
                visualContainer.setPreferredSize ( imageSize );
                statusBar.setText ( "Format : " + currentFormat );
                System.out.println ("Format : " + currentFormat );
                formatControl.setFormat ( currentFormat );
                player.start();
                visualComponent = player.getVisualComponent();
                if ( visualComponent != null )
                    visualContainer.add ( visualComponent, BorderLayout.CENTER );
                invalidate();       // let the layout manager work out the sizes
                pack();
            else
                System.out.println ("Visual component not an instance of FormatControl");
                statusBar.setText ( "Visual component cannot change format" );
        public VideoFormat getFormat ( )
            return ( currentFormat );
        protected void setUpToolBar ( )
            toolbar = new JToolBar();
            // Note : due to cosmetic glitches when undocking and docking the toolbar,
            //        I've set this to false.
            toolbar.setFloatable(false);
            // Note : If you supply the 16 x 16 bitmaps then you can replace
            // the commented line in the MyToolBarAction constructor
            formatButton    = new MyToolBarAction ( "Resolution", "BtnFormat.jpg" );
            captureButton   = new MyToolBarAction ( "Capture",    "BtnCapture.jpg" );
            toolbar.add ( formatButton );
            toolbar.add ( captureButton );
            getContentPane().add ( toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH );
        protected void toolbarHandler ( MyToolBarAction actionBtn )
            if ( actionBtn == formatButton )
                Object selected = JOptionPane.showInputDialog (this,
                                                               "Select Video format",
                                                               "Capture format selection",
                                                               JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
                                                               null,        //  Icon icon,
                                                               myFormatList, // videoFormats,
                                                               currentFormat );
                if ( selected != null )
                    setFormat ( ((MyVideoFormat)selected).format );
            else if ( actionBtn == captureButton )
                Image photo = grabFrameImage ( );
                if ( photo != null )
                    MySnapshot snapshot = new MySnapshot ( photo, new Dimension ( imageSize ) );
                else
                    System.err.println ("Error : Could not grab frame");
         * autoDetects the first web camera in the system
         * searches for video for windows ( vfw ) capture devices
         * @returns the device info object if found, null otherwise
        public MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] autoDetect ( )
            Vector list = CaptureDeviceManager.getDeviceList ( null );
            CaptureDeviceInfo devInfo = null;
            String name;
            Vector capDevices = new Vector();
            if ( list != null )
                for ( int i=0; i < list.size(); i++ )
                    devInfo = (CaptureDeviceInfo)list.elementAt ( i );
                    name = devInfo.getName();
                    if ( name.startsWith ("vfw:") )
                        System.out.println ("DeviceManager List : " + name );
                        capDevices.addElement ( new MyCaptureDeviceInfo ( devInfo ) );
            else
                for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
                    try
                        name = VFWCapture.capGetDriverDescriptionName ( i );
                        if (name != null && name.length() > 1)
                            devInfo = com.sun.media.protocol.vfw.VFWSourceStream.autoDetect ( i );
                            if ( devInfo != null )
                                System.out.println ("VFW Autodetect List : " + name );
                                capDevices.addElement ( new MyCaptureDeviceInfo ( devInfo ) );
                    catch ( Exception ioEx )
                        System.err.println ("Error connecting to [" + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() + "] : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
                        // ignore errors detecting device
                        statusBar.setText ( "AutoDetect failed : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
            MyCaptureDeviceInfo[] detected = new MyCaptureDeviceInfo[ capDevices.size() ];
            for ( int i=0; i < capDevices.size(); i++ )
                detected[i] = (MyCaptureDeviceInfo)capDevices.elementAt ( i );
            return ( detected );
         * deviceInfo
         * @note outputs text information
        public void deviceInfo ( )
            if ( webCamDeviceInfo != null )
                Format[] formats = webCamDeviceInfo.getFormats();
                if ( ( formats != null ) && ( formats.length > 0 ) )
                for ( int i=0; i < formats.length; i++ )
                    Format aFormat = formats;
    if ( aFormat instanceof VideoFormat )
    Dimension dim = ((VideoFormat)aFormat).getSize();
    // System.out.println ("Video Format " + i + " : " + formats[i].getEncoding() + ", " + dim.width + " x " + dim.height );
    else
    System.out.println ("Error : No web cam detected");
    * grabs a frame's buffer from the web cam / device
    * @returns A frames buffer
    public Buffer grabFrameBuffer ( )
    if ( player != null )
    FrameGrabbingControl fgc = (FrameGrabbingControl)player.getControl ( "javax.media.control.FrameGrabbingControl" );
    if ( fgc != null )
    return ( fgc.grabFrame() );
    else
    System.err.println ("Error : FrameGrabbingControl is null");
    return ( null );
    else
    System.err.println ("Error : Player is null");
    return ( null );
    * grabs a frame's buffer, as an image, from the web cam / device
    * @returns A frames buffer as an image
    public Image grabFrameImage ( )
    Buffer buffer = grabFrameBuffer();
    if ( buffer != null )
    // Convert it to an image
    BufferToImage btoi = new BufferToImage ( (VideoFormat)buffer.getFormat() );
    if ( btoi != null )
    Image image = btoi.createImage ( buffer );
    if ( image != null )
    return ( image );
    else
    System.err.println ("Error : BufferToImage cannot convert buffer");
    return ( null );
    else
    System.err.println ("Error : cannot create BufferToImage instance");
    return ( null );
    else
    System.out.println ("Error : Buffer grabbed is null");
    return ( null );
    * Closes and cleans up the player
    public void playerClose ( )
    if ( player != null )
    player.close();
    player.deallocate();
    player = null;
    public void windowClosing ( WindowEvent e )
    playerClose();
    System.exit ( 1 );
    public void componentResized ( ComponentEvent e )
    Dimension dim = getSize();
    boolean mustResize = false;
    if ( dim.width < MIN_WIDTH )
    dim.width = MIN_WIDTH;
    mustResize = true;
    if ( dim.height < MIN_HEIGHT )
    dim.height = MIN_HEIGHT;
    mustResize = true;
    if ( mustResize )
    setSize ( dim );
    public void windowActivated ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowClosed ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowDeactivated ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowDeiconified ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowIconified ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowOpened ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void componentHidden(ComponentEvent e) {   }
    public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e) {   }
    public void componentShown(ComponentEvent e) {   }
    protected void finalize ( ) throws Throwable
    playerClose();
    super.finalize();
    class MyToolBarAction extends AbstractAction
    public MyToolBarAction ( String name, String imagefile )
    // Note : Use version this if you supply your own toolbar icons
    // super ( name, new ImageIcon ( imagefile ) );
    super ( name );
    public void actionPerformed ( ActionEvent event )
    toolbarHandler ( this );
    class MyVideoFormat
    public VideoFormat format;
    public MyVideoFormat ( VideoFormat format )
    this.format = format;
    public String toString ( )
    Dimension dim = format.getSize();
    return ( format.getEncoding() + " [ " + dim.width + " x " + dim.height + " ]" );
    class MyCaptureDeviceInfo
    public CaptureDeviceInfo capDevInfo;
    public MyCaptureDeviceInfo ( CaptureDeviceInfo devInfo )
    capDevInfo = devInfo;
    public String toString ( )
    return ( capDevInfo.getName() );
    class MySnapshot extends JFrame implements ImageObserver
    protected Image photo = null;
    protected int shotNumber;
    public MySnapshot ( Image grabbedFrame, Dimension imageSize )
    super ( );
    shotNumber = shotCounter++;
    setTitle ( "Photo" + shotNumber );
    photo = grabbedFrame;
    setDefaultCloseOperation ( WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE );
    int imageHeight = photo.getWidth ( this );
    int imageWidth = photo.getHeight ( this );
    setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height );
    final FileDialog saveDialog = new FileDialog ( this, "Save JPEG", FileDialog.SAVE );
    final JFrame thisCopy = this;
    saveDialog.setFile ( "Photo" + shotNumber );
    addWindowListener ( new WindowAdapter()
    public void windowClosing ( WindowEvent e )
    saveDialog.show();
    String filename = saveDialog.getFile();
    if ( filename != null )
    if ( saveJPEG ( filename ) )
    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog ( thisCopy, "Saved " + filename );
    setVisible ( false );
    dispose();
    else
    JOptionPane.showMessageDialog ( thisCopy, "Error saving " + filename );
    else
    setVisible ( false );
    dispose();
    setVisible ( true );
    public void paint ( Graphics g )
    super.paint ( g );
    g.drawImage ( photo, 0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight(), Color.black, this );
    * Saves an image as a JPEG
    * @params the image to save
    * @params the filename to save the image as
    public boolean saveJPEG ( String filename )
    boolean saved = false;
    BufferedImage bi = new BufferedImage ( photo.getWidth(null),
    photo.getHeight(null),
    BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB );
    Graphics2D g2 = bi.createGraphics();
    g2.drawImage ( photo, null, null );
    FileOutputStream out = null;
    try
    out = new FileOutputStream ( filename );
    JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder ( out );
    JPEGEncodeParam param = encoder.getDefaultJPEGEncodeParam ( bi );
    param.setQuality ( 1.0f, false ); // 100% high quality setting, no compression
    encoder.setJPEGEncodeParam ( param );
    encoder.encode ( bi );
    out.close();
    saved = true;
    catch ( Exception ex )
    System.out.println ("Error saving JPEG : " + ex.getMessage() );
    return ( saved );
    } // of MySnapshot
    public static void main (String[] args )
    try
    JWebCam myWebCam = new JWebCam ( "Web Cam Capture" );
    myWebCam.setVisible ( true );
    if ( !myWebCam.initialise() )
    System.out.println ("Web Cam not detected / initialised");
    catch ( Exception ex )
    ex.printStackTrace();

  • No Question, just example web cam capture code

    Hi,
    Since loads of people ask for an example of capturing pics from a web cam, here's one that captures pics, lets you take snapshots, which it displays in another frame. When you shut down the frame it asks if you want to save it to a JPEG.
    I'm mainly posting this to spite Eka_Kupkova, who only visits this forum to shamelessly advertise a commercial Twain based package in every single posting on this forum which mentions web cams.
    Notes : ( Could be more, read the install docs for JMF )
    1. you must download the "performance" version of jmf to capture video.
    2. I "think" you need to setup the JMF_HOME environment variable
    3. Run the jmfinit program to detect your camera and register it.
    I had to run it a couple of times before it worked.
    4. I had 2 icons for my toolbar, BtnFormat.jpg and BtnCapture.jpg.
    They were just 16 x 16 pixel bitmaps, you can make them up yourself.
    5. I assume you've got the webcam working and the driver installed already.
    Ps. if you find this useful, then reply back with where you are in the world. I'm in Dublin, Ireland.
    cheers,
    Owen
    import javax.swing.*;
    import javax.swing.border.*;
    import java.io.*;
    import javax.media.*;
    import javax.media.format.*;
    import javax.media.util.*;
    import javax.media.control.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.image.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.*;
    // Ps. I think JMF 2.1.1c used a different package for this class..
    import com.sun.media.vfw.VFWCapture;
    public class JWebCam extends JFrame
                              implements WindowListener,
                                             ComponentListener
         protected final static int MIN_WIDTH  = 320;
         protected final static int MIN_HEIGHT = 240;
         protected static int shotCounter = 1;
         protected JLabel statusBar = null;
         protected Component visualComponent = null;
         protected JToolBar toolbar = null;
         protected MyToolBarAction formatButton  = null;
         protected MyToolBarAction captureButton = null;
        protected Player player = null;
        protected CaptureDeviceInfo webCamDeviceInfo = null;
        protected MediaLocator ml = null;
        protected Dimension imageSize = null;
        protected FormatControl formatControl = null;
        protected VideoFormat currentFormat = null;
        protected Format[] videoFormats = null;
        protected MyVideoFormat[] myFormatList = null;
          * Constructor
        public JWebCam ( String frameTitle )
             super ( frameTitle );
              try
                  UIManager.setLookAndFeel("javax.swing.plaf.metal.MetalLookAndFeel");
             catch ( Exception cnfe )
                  System.out.println ("Note : Cannot load look and feel settings");
             addWindowListener ( this );
             addComponentListener ( this );
             getContentPane().setLayout ( new BorderLayout() );
             statusBar = new JLabel ("Initialising...");
             statusBar.setBorder ( new EtchedBorder() );
             getContentPane().add ( statusBar, BorderLayout.SOUTH );
             setSize ( 320, 260 ); // default size...
             setVisible ( true );
          * Initialise
          * @returns true if web cam is detected
         public boolean initialise ( )
              throws Exception
              return ( initialise ( autoDetect() ) );
          * Initialise
          * @params _deviceInfo, specific web cam device if not autodetected
          * @returns true if web cam is detected
         public boolean initialise ( CaptureDeviceInfo _deviceInfo )
              throws Exception
              webCamDeviceInfo = _deviceInfo;
             if ( webCamDeviceInfo != null )
                  statusBar.setText ( "Connecting to : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                  try
                        // setUpMenu ( );
                        setUpToolBar();
                        getContentPane().add ( toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH );
                       ml = webCamDeviceInfo.getLocator();
                       if ( ml != null )
                          player = Manager.createRealizedPlayer ( ml );
                          if ( player != null )
                               formatControl = (FormatControl)player.getControl ( "javax.media.control.FormatControl" );
                                    videoFormats = webCamDeviceInfo.getFormats();
                                    setFormat ( (VideoFormat)videoFormats[0] );
                               // player.start();
                                    visualComponent = player.getVisualComponent();
                                    getContentPane().add ( visualComponent, BorderLayout.CENTER );
                                    invalidate();
                                    pack();
                                    setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height + statusBar.getHeight() + toolbar.getHeight() );
                                myFormatList = new MyVideoFormat[videoFormats.length];
                                for ( int i=0; i<videoFormats.length; i++ )
                                     myFormatList[i] = new MyVideoFormat ( (VideoFormat)videoFormats[i] );
                     else
                          statusBar.setText ( "No Media Locator for : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                        return ( true );
                   catch ( IOException ioEx )
                       statusBar.setText ( "Connecting to : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                        return ( false );
                   catch ( NoPlayerException npex )
                        statusBar.setText ("Cannot create player");
                        return ( false );
                   catch ( CannotRealizeException nre )
                        statusBar.setText ( "Cannot realize player");
                        return ( false );
             else
                  return ( false );
          * Dynamically create menu items
          * @returns the device info object if found, null otherwise
         public void setFormat ( VideoFormat selectedFormat )
              if ( formatControl != null )
                   player.stop();
                   statusBar.setText ( "Format : " + selectedFormat );
                   imageSize = selectedFormat.getSize();
                   formatControl.setFormat ( selectedFormat );
                   currentFormat = selectedFormat;
                   setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height + statusBar.getHeight() + toolbar.getHeight() );
                   player.start();
              else
                   System.out.println ("Visual component not an instance of FormatControl");
                   statusBar.setText ( "Visual component cannot change format" );
         protected void setUpToolBar ( )
              toolbar = new JToolBar();
              formatButton  = new MyToolBarAction ( "Format",  "BtnFormat.jpg" );
              captureButton = new MyToolBarAction ( "Capture", "BtnCapture.jpg" );
              if ( formatButton != null )
                    toolbar.add ( formatButton );
              toolbar.add ( captureButton );
              getContentPane().add ( toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH );
         protected void toolbarHandler ( MyToolBarAction actionBtn )
              if ( actionBtn == formatButton )
                      // JOptionPane.showConfirmDialog ( this, "Format Dialog" );
                      Object selected = JOptionPane.showInputDialog (this,
                                                                     "Select Video format",
                                                                     "Capture format selection",
                                                                     JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
                                                                     null,          //     Icon icon,
                                                                     myFormatList, // videoFormats,
                                                                     currentFormat );
                   if ( selected != null )
                        setFormat ( ((MyVideoFormat)selected).format );
              else if ( actionBtn == captureButton )
                   Image photo = grabFrameImage ( );
                   MySnapshot snapshot = new MySnapshot ( photo, new Dimension ( imageSize ) );
          * autoDetects the first web camera in the system
          * @returns the device info object if found, null otherwise
        public CaptureDeviceInfo autoDetect ( )
              Vector list = CaptureDeviceManager.getDeviceList ( null );
              CaptureDeviceInfo devInfo = null;
              if ( list != null )
                   String name;
                   for ( int i=0; i<list.size(); i++ )
                        devInfo = (CaptureDeviceInfo)list.elementAt ( i );
                        name = devInfo.getName();
                      if ( name.startsWith ("vfw:") )
                            break;
                   if ( devInfo != null && devInfo.getName().startsWith("vfw:") )
                       return ( devInfo );
                   else
                      for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
                           try
                               name = VFWCapture.capGetDriverDescriptionName ( i );
                               if (name != null && name.length() > 1)
                                       devInfo = com.sun.media.protocol.vfw.VFWSourceStream.autoDetect ( i );
                                       if ( devInfo != null )
                                            return ( devInfo );
                             catch ( Exception ioEx )
                                  // ignore errors detecting device
                                  statusBar.setText ( "AutoDetect failed : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
                       return ( null );
              else
                   return ( null );
          * deviceInfo
          * @note outputs text information
         public void deviceInfo ( )
             if ( webCamDeviceInfo != null )
                  Format[] formats = webCamDeviceInfo.getFormats();
                  if ( ( formats != null ) && ( formats.length > 0 ) )
                  for ( int i=0; i<formats.length; i++ )
                       Format aFormat = formats;
                   if ( aFormat instanceof VideoFormat )
                        Dimension dim = ((VideoFormat)aFormat).getSize();
                        System.out.println ("Video Format " + i + " : " + formats[i].getEncoding() + ", " + dim.width + " x " + dim.height );
                   else
                        System.out.println ("Format " + i + " : " + formats[i].getEncoding() );
         else
              System.out.println ("Error : No web cam detected");
         * grabs a frame's buffer from the web cam / device
         * @returns A frames buffer
         public Buffer grabFrameBuffer ( )
              if ( player != null )
    FrameGrabbingControl fgc = (FrameGrabbingControl)player.getControl ( "javax.media.control.FrameGrabbingControl" );
    Buffer buf = fgc.grabFrame();
    return ( buf );
    else
         return ( null );
         * grabs a frame's buffer, as an image, from the web cam / device
         * @returns A frames buffer as an image
         public Image grabFrameImage ( )
              Buffer buffer = grabFrameBuffer();
              if ( buffer != null )
    // Convert it to an image
    BufferToImage btoi = new BufferToImage ( (VideoFormat)buffer.getFormat() );
    Image image = btoi.createImage ( buffer );
    return ( image );
              else
                   System.out.println ("Error : Buffer grabbed is null");
                   return ( null );
         * Closes and cleans up the player
         public void playerClose ( )
              if ( player != null )
         player.close();
         player.deallocate();
         player = null;
         public void windowClosing ( WindowEvent e )
              playerClose();
              System.exit ( 1 );
         public void componentResized(ComponentEvent e)
              Dimension dim = getSize();
              boolean mustResize = false;
              if ( dim.width < MIN_WIDTH )
              dim.width = MIN_WIDTH;
              mustResize = true;
              if ( dim.height < MIN_HEIGHT )
                   dim.height = MIN_HEIGHT;
                   mustResize = true;
              if ( mustResize )
                   setSize ( dim );
         public void windowActivated ( WindowEvent e )      {       }
         public void windowClosed ( WindowEvent e )      {       }
         public void windowDeactivated ( WindowEvent e )     {     }
         public void windowDeiconified ( WindowEvent e )     {     }
         public void windowIconified ( WindowEvent e )     {     }
         public void windowOpened ( WindowEvent e )          {     }
         public void componentHidden(ComponentEvent e)      {       }
         public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e)     {     }
         public void componentShown(ComponentEvent e)     {     }
         protected void finalize     ( ) throws Throwable
              playerClose();
              super.finalize();
         class MyToolBarAction extends AbstractAction
              public MyToolBarAction ( String name, String imagefile )
                   super ( name, new ImageIcon ( imagefile ) );
              public void actionPerformed ( ActionEvent event )
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                   int imageWidth = photo.getHeight ( this );
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    Doohhh... I posted an old version which didn't work.
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    Owen
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    import javax.swing.border.*;
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    import javax.media.datasink.*;
    import javax.media.format.*;
    import javax.media.protocol.*;
    import javax.media.util.*;
    import javax.media.control.*;
    import java.util.*;
    import java.awt.*;
    import java.awt.image.*;
    import java.awt.event.*;
    import com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.*;
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    import com.sun.media.protocol.vfw.VFWCapture;   // JMF 2.1.1e version
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        protected final static int MIN_HEIGHT = 240;
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        protected JPanel visualContainer = null;
        protected Component visualComponent = null;
        protected JToolBar toolbar = null;
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        protected MyToolBarAction captureButton   = null;
        protected Player player = null;
        protected CaptureDeviceInfo webCamDeviceInfo = null;
        protected MediaLocator ml = null;
        protected Dimension imageSize = null;
        protected FormatControl formatControl = null;
        protected VideoFormat currentFormat = null;
        protected Format[] videoFormats = null;
        protected MyVideoFormat[] myFormatList = null;
        protected boolean initialised = false;
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        public JWebCam ( String frameTitle )
            super ( frameTitle );
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                UIManager.setLookAndFeel("javax.swing.plaf.metal.MetalLookAndFeel");
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                System.out.println ("Note : Cannot load look and feel settings");
            setSize ( 320, 260 ); // default size...
            addWindowListener ( this );
            addComponentListener ( this );
            getContentPane().setLayout ( new BorderLayout() );
            visualContainer = new JPanel();
            visualContainer.setLayout ( new BorderLayout() );
            getContentPane().add ( visualContainer, BorderLayout.CENTER );
            statusBar = new JLabel ("");
            statusBar.setBorder ( new EtchedBorder() );
            getContentPane().add ( statusBar, BorderLayout.SOUTH );
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         * @returns true if web cam is detected
        public boolean initialise ( )
            throws Exception
            return ( initialise ( autoDetect() ) );
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         * @returns true if web cam is detected
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            throws Exception
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            if ( webCamDeviceInfo != null )
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                try
                    setUpToolBar();
                    getContentPane().add ( toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH );
                    ml = webCamDeviceInfo.getLocator();
                    if ( ml != null )
                        player = Manager.createRealizedPlayer ( ml );
                        if ( player != null )
                            player.start();
                            formatControl = (FormatControl)player.getControl ( "javax.media.control.FormatControl" );
                            videoFormats = webCamDeviceInfo.getFormats();
                            visualComponent = player.getVisualComponent();
                            if ( visualComponent != null )
                                visualContainer.add ( visualComponent, BorderLayout.CENTER );
                                myFormatList = new MyVideoFormat[videoFormats.length];
                                for ( int i=0; i<videoFormats.length; i++ )
                                    myFormatList[i] = new MyVideoFormat ( (VideoFormat)videoFormats[i] );
                                Format currFormat = formatControl.getFormat();
                                if ( currFormat instanceof VideoFormat )
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                                     imageSize = currentFormat.getSize();
                                     visualContainer.setPreferredSize ( imageSize );
                                     setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height + statusBar.getHeight() + toolbar.getHeight() );
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                                invalidate();
                                pack();
                                return ( true );
                            else
                                System.err.println ("Error : Could not get visual component");
                                return ( false );
                        else
                            System.err.println ("Error : Cannot create player");
                            statusBar.setText ( "Cannot create player" );
                            return ( false );
                    else
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                        statusBar.setText ( "No Media Locator for : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                        return ( false );
                catch ( IOException ioEx )
                    statusBar.setText ( "Connecting to : " + webCamDeviceInfo.getName() );
                    return ( false );
                catch ( NoPlayerException npex )
                    statusBar.setText ("Cannot create player");
                    return ( false );
                catch ( CannotRealizeException nre )
                    statusBar.setText ( "Cannot realize player");
                    return ( false );
            else
                return ( false );
         * Dynamically create menu items
         * @returns the device info object if found, null otherwise
        public void setFormat ( VideoFormat selectedFormat )
            if ( formatControl != null )
                player.stop();
                imageSize = selectedFormat.getSize();
                formatControl.setFormat ( selectedFormat );
                player.start();
                statusBar.setText ( "Format : " + selectedFormat );
                currentFormat = selectedFormat;
                visualContainer.setPreferredSize ( currentFormat.getSize() );
                setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height + statusBar.getHeight() + toolbar.getHeight() );
            else
                System.out.println ("Visual component not an instance of FormatControl");
                statusBar.setText ( "Visual component cannot change format" );
        public VideoFormat getFormat ( )
            return ( currentFormat );
        protected void setUpToolBar ( )
            toolbar = new JToolBar();
            // Note : If you supply the 16 x 16 bitmaps then you can replace
            // the commented line in the MyToolBarAction constructor
            formatButton    = new MyToolBarAction ( "Resolution", "BtnFormat.jpg" );
            captureButton   = new MyToolBarAction ( "Capture",    "BtnCapture.jpg" );
            toolbar.add ( formatButton );
            toolbar.add ( captureButton );
            getContentPane().add ( toolbar, BorderLayout.NORTH );
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            if ( actionBtn == formatButton )
                Object selected = JOptionPane.showInputDialog (this,
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                                                               "Capture format selection",
                                                               JOptionPane.INFORMATION_MESSAGE,
                                                               null,        //  Icon icon,
                                                               myFormatList, // videoFormats,
                                                               currentFormat );
                if ( selected != null )
                    setFormat ( ((MyVideoFormat)selected).format );
            else if ( actionBtn == captureButton )
                Image photo = grabFrameImage ( );
                if ( photo != null )
                    MySnapshot snapshot = new MySnapshot ( photo, new Dimension ( imageSize ) );
                else
                    System.err.println ("Error : Could not grab frame");
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         * searches for video for windows ( vfw ) capture devices
         * @returns the device info object if found, null otherwise
        public CaptureDeviceInfo autoDetect ( )
            Vector list = CaptureDeviceManager.getDeviceList ( null );
            CaptureDeviceInfo devInfo = null;
            if ( list != null )
                String name;
                for ( int i=0; i<list.size(); i++ )
                    devInfo = (CaptureDeviceInfo)list.elementAt ( i );
                    name = devInfo.getName();
                    if ( name.startsWith ("vfw:") )
                        break;
                if ( devInfo != null && devInfo.getName().startsWith("vfw:") )
                    return ( devInfo );
                else
                    for ( int i = 0; i < 10; i++ )
                        try
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                            if (name != null && name.length() > 1)
                                devInfo = com.sun.media.protocol.vfw.VFWSourceStream.autoDetect ( i );
                                if ( devInfo != null )
                                    return ( devInfo );
                        catch ( Exception ioEx )
                            // ignore errors detecting device
                            statusBar.setText ( "AutoDetect failed : " + ioEx.getMessage() );
                    return ( null );
            else
                return ( null );
         * deviceInfo
         * @note outputs text information
        public void deviceInfo ( )
            if ( webCamDeviceInfo != null )
                Format[] formats = webCamDeviceInfo.getFormats();
                if ( ( formats != null ) && ( formats.length > 0 ) )
                for ( int i=0; i<formats.length; i++ )
                    Format aFormat = formats;
    if ( aFormat instanceof VideoFormat )
    Dimension dim = ((VideoFormat)aFormat).getSize();
    // System.out.println ("Video Format " + i + " : " + formats[i].getEncoding() + ", " + dim.width + " x " + dim.height );
    else
    System.out.println ("Error : No web cam detected");
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    * @returns A frames buffer
    public Buffer grabFrameBuffer ( )
    if ( player != null )
    FrameGrabbingControl fgc = (FrameGrabbingControl)player.getControl ( "javax.media.control.FrameGrabbingControl" );
    if ( fgc != null )
    return ( fgc.grabFrame(); );
    else
    System.err.println ("Error : FrameGrabbingControl is null");
    return ( null );
    else
    System.err.println ("Error : Player is null");
    return ( null );
    * grabs a frame's buffer, as an image, from the web cam / device
    * @returns A frames buffer as an image
    public Image grabFrameImage ( )
    Buffer buffer = grabFrameBuffer();
    if ( buffer != null )
    // Convert it to an image
    BufferToImage btoi = new BufferToImage ( (VideoFormat)buffer.getFormat() );
    if ( btoi != null )
    Image image = btoi.createImage ( buffer );
    if ( image != null )
    return ( image );
    else
    System.err.println ("Error : BufferToImage cannot convert buffer");
    return ( null );
    else
    System.err.println ("Error : cannot create BufferToImage instance");
    return ( null );
    else
    System.out.println ("Error : Buffer grabbed is null");
    return ( null );
    * Closes and cleans up the player
    public void playerClose ( )
    if ( player != null )
    player.close();
    player.deallocate();
    player = null;
    public void windowClosing ( WindowEvent e )
    playerClose();
    System.exit ( 1 );
    public void componentResized ( ComponentEvent e )
    Dimension dim = getSize();
    boolean mustResize = false;
    if ( dim.width < MIN_WIDTH )
    dim.width = MIN_WIDTH;
    mustResize = true;
    if ( dim.height < MIN_HEIGHT )
    dim.height = MIN_HEIGHT;
    mustResize = true;
    if ( mustResize )
    setSize ( dim );
    public void windowActivated ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowClosed ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowDeactivated ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowDeiconified ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowIconified ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void windowOpened ( WindowEvent e ) {   }
    public void componentHidden(ComponentEvent e) {   }
    public void componentMoved(ComponentEvent e) {   }
    public void componentShown(ComponentEvent e) {   }
    protected void finalize ( ) throws Throwable
    playerClose();
    super.finalize();
    class MyToolBarAction extends AbstractAction
    public MyToolBarAction ( String name, String imagefile )
    // Note : Use version this if you supply your own toolbar icons
    // super ( name, new ImageIcon ( imagefile ) );
    super ( name );
    public void actionPerformed ( ActionEvent event )
    toolbarHandler ( this );
    class MyVideoFormat
    public VideoFormat format;
    public MyVideoFormat ( VideoFormat _format )
    format = _format;
    public String toString ( )
    Dimension dim = format.getSize();
    return ( format.getEncoding() + " [ " + dim.width + " x " + dim.height + " ]" );
    class MySnapshot extends JFrame
    protected Image photo = null;
    protected int shotNumber;
    public MySnapshot ( Image grabbedFrame, Dimension imageSize )
    super ( );
    shotNumber = shotCounter++;
    setTitle ( "Photo" + shotNumber );
    photo = grabbedFrame;
    setDefaultCloseOperation ( WindowConstants.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE );
    int imageHeight = photo.getWidth ( this );
    int imageWidth = photo.getHeight ( this );
    setSize ( imageSize.width, imageSize.height );
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    final JFrame thisCopy = this;
    saveDialog.setFile ( "Photo" + shotNumber );
    addWindowListener ( new WindowAdapter()
    public void windowClosing ( WindowEvent e )
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    String filename = saveDialog.getFile();
    if ( filename != null )
    if ( saveJPEG ( filename ) )
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    dispose();
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    g2.drawImage ( photo, null, null );
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    try
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    JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder ( out );
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    } // of MySnapshot
    public static void main (String[] args )
    try
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    myWebCam.setVisible ( true );
    if ( !myWebCam.initialise() )
    System.out.println ("Web Cam not detected / initialised");
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