What are the basic objects in abap dictionary ?
Try to provide the details if anyone knows about it.
The DDIC is nothing but the ABAP Dictionary. The ABAP Dictionary centrally describes and manages all the data definitions used in the system.
Data types
Data types are the actual type definitions in the ABAP Dictionary. They allow you to define elementary types, reference types, and complex types that are visible globally in the system. The data types of database tables are a subset of all possible types, namely flat structures.
Data Elements
Data elements in the ABAP Dictionary describe individual fields. They are the smallest indivisible units of the complex types described below, and are used to specify the types of columns in the database. Data elements can be elementary types or reference types.
Structures
A structure is a sequence of any other data types from the ABAP Dictionary, that is, data elements, structures, table types, or database tables. When you create a structure in the ABAP Dictionary, each component must have a name and a data type. In an ABAP program, you can use the TYPE addition to refer directly to a structure.
If you define a local data type in a program by referring to a structure as follows:
TYPES <t> TYPE <structure>.
Table Types
Table types are construction blueprints for internal tables that are stored in the ABAP Dictionary.
When you create a table type in the ABAP Dictionary, you specify the line type, access type, and key. The line type can be any data type from the ABAP Dictionary, that is, a data element, a structure, a table type, or the type of a database table. You can also enter a predefined Dictionary type directly as the line type, in the same way that you can with a domain.
Type Groups
Before Release 4.5A, it was not possible to define standalone types in the ABAP Dictionary to which you could refer using a TYPE addition in an ABAP program. It was only possible to refer SAP AG BC - ABAP Programming
Data Types in the ABAP Dictionary to flat structures. Structures in programs corresponded to the structures of database tables or structures in the ABAP Dictionary. In ABAP programs, you could only refer to database tables and structures in the ABAP Dictionary using LIKE. It was, however, possible to refer to individual components of the Dictionary type. Complex local data types such as internal tables or deep structures had no equivalent in the ABAP Dictionary. The solution to this from Release 3.0 onwards was to use type groups. Type groups were based on the include technique, and allowed you to store any type definitions globally in the Dictionary by defining them using TYPES statements.
Views:
There are 4 types views are avilable in SAP.
Database View - To club more than one table
Projection View - To hide fields in one table
Maintanance View - To maintain database records in table
Help View - To provide help for a fields (Same functionality as Search help. This is outdated)
View are improves perfromance in the following aspects
1. If you want to use more than two table in 'JOIN' condition better to use Views . It will improves performance of a program
2. If you want to use mutiple FOR ALL ENTRIES clause, better to club all SELECT statement in a view.
Lock Objects:
Lock objects are use in SAP to avoid the inconsistancy at the time of data is being insert/change into database.
SAP Provide three type of Lock objects.
Read Lock(Shared Locked)
protects read access to an object. The read lock allows other transactions read access but not write access to
the locked area of the table
Write Lock(exclusive lock)
protects write access to an object. The write lock allows other transactions neither read nor write access to
the locked area of the table.
Enhanced write lock (exclusive lock without cumulating)
works like a write lock except that the enhanced write lock also protects from further accesses from the
same transaction.
You can create a lock on a object of SAP thorugh transaction SE11 and enter any meaningful name start with EZ Example EZTEST_LOCK.
Use: you can see in almost all transaction when you are open an object in Change mode SAP could not allow to any other user to open the same object in change mode.
Example: in HR when we are enter a personal number in master data maintainance screen SAP can't allow to any other user to use same personal number for changes.
Technicaly:
When you create a lock object System automatically creat two function module.
1. ENQUEUE_<Lockobject name>. to insert the object in a queue.
2. DEQUEUE_<Lockobject name>. To remove the object is being queued through above FM.
You have to use these function module in your program.
Search Helps:
These are two types.
Elementary n Collective.
1) Elementary search helps describe a search path. The elementary search help must define where the data of the hit list should be read from (selection method), how the exchange of values between the screen template and selection method is implemented (interface of the search help) and how the online input help should be defined (online behavior of the search help).
2) Collective search helps combine several elementary search helps. A collective search help thus can offer several alternative search paths.
3)An elementary search help defines the standard flow of an input help.
4) A collective search help combines several elementary search helps. The user can thus choose one of several alternative search paths with a collective search help.
5)A collective search help comprises several elementary search helps. It combines all the search paths that are meaningful for a field.
6)Both elementary search helps and other search helps can be included in a collective search help. If other collective search helps are contained in a collective search help, they are expanded to the level of the elementary search helps when the input help is called.
See the below link to understand this completely:
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/cf/21ee93446011d189700000e8322d00/frameset.htm
Rewards if useful
Similar Messages
-
What are the steps to optimise ABAP code
What are the steps to optimise ABAP code, that is how to increase the performance of a code?
Hi
Welcome to SDN forum
1) Dont use nested select statements
2) If possible use for all entries in addition
3) In the where addition make sure you give all the primary key
4) Use Index for the selection criteria.
5) You can also use inner joins
6) You can try to put the data from the first select statement into an Itab and then in order to select the data from the second table use for all entries in.
7) Use the runtime analysis SE30 and SQL Trace (ST05) to identify the performance and also to identify where the load is heavy, so that you can change the code accordingly
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/servlet/prt/portal/prtroot/docs/library/uuid/5d0db4c9-0e01-0010-b68f-9b1408d5f234
ABAP performance depends upon various factors and in devicded in three parts:
1. Database
2. ABAP
3. System
Run Any program using SE30 (performance analys) to improve performance refer to tips and trics section of SE30, Always remember that ABAP perfirmance is improved when there is least load on Database.
u can get an interactive grap in SE30 regarding this with a file.
also if u find runtime of parts of codes then use :
Switch on RTA Dynamically within ABAP Code
*To turn runtim analysis on within ABAP code insert the following code
SET RUN TIME ANALYZER ON.
*To turn runtim analysis off within ABAP code insert the following code
SET RUN TIME ANALYZER OFF.
Always check the driver internal tables is not empty, while using FOR ALL ENTRIES
Avoid for all entries in JOINS
Try to avoid joins and use FOR ALL ENTRIES.
Try to restrict the joins to 1 level only ie only for tables
Avoid using Select *.
Avoid having multiple Selects from the same table in the same object.
Try to minimize the number of variables to save memory.
The sequence of fields in 'where clause' must be as per primary/secondary index ( if any)
Avoid creation of index as far as possible
Avoid operators like <>, > , < & like % in where clause conditions
Avoid select/select single statements in loops.
Try to use 'binary search' in READ internal table. Ensure table is sorted before using BINARY SEARCH.
Avoid using aggregate functions (SUM, MAX etc) in selects ( GROUP BY , HAVING,)
Avoid using ORDER BY in selects
Avoid Nested Selects
Avoid Nested Loops of Internal Tables
Try to use FIELD SYMBOLS.
Try to avoid into Corresponding Fields of
Avoid using Select Distinct, Use DELETE ADJACENT
Check the following Links
Re: performance tuning
Re: Performance tuning of program
http://www.sapgenie.com/abap/performance.htm
http://www.thespot4sap.com/Articles/SAPABAPPerformanceTuning_PerformanceAnalysisTools.asp
check the below link
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/performance-tuning-for-data-selection-statement.htm
See the following link if it's any help:
http://www.thespot4sap.com/Articles/SAPABAPPerformanceTuning_PerformanceAnalysisTools.asp
Check also http://service.sap.com/performance
and
books like
http://www.sap-press.com/product.cfm?account=&product=H951
http://www.sap-press.com/product.cfm?account=&product=H973
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/more-than-100-abap-interview-faqs.htm
http://www.thespot4sap.com/Articles/SAPABAPPerformanceTuning_PerformanceAnalysisTools.asp
Performance tuning for Data Selection Statement
http://www.sap-img.com/abap/performance-tuning-for-data-selection-statement.htm
Debugger
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c6/617ca9e68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
http://www.cba.nau.edu/haney-j/CIS497/Assignments/Debugging.doc
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_erp2005/helpdata/en/b3/d322540c3beb4ba53795784eebb680/frameset.htm
Run Time Analyser
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c6/617cafe68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
SQL trace
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/d1/801f7c454211d189710000e8322d00/content.htm
CATT - Computer Aided Testing Too
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/b3/410b37233f7c6fe10000009b38f936/frameset.htm
Test Workbench
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/a8/157235d0fa8742e10000009b38f889/frameset.htm
Coverage Analyser
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c7/af9a79061a11d4b3d4080009b43351/content.htm
Runtime Monitor
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/b5/fa121cc15911d5993d00508b6b8b11/content.htm
Memory Inspector
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/a2/e5fc84cc87964cb2c29f584152d74e/content.htm
ECATT - Extended Computer Aided testing tool.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/20/e81c3b84e65e7be10000000a11402f/frameset.htm
Just refer to these links...
performance
Performance
Performance Guide
performance issues...
Performance Tuning
Performance issues
performance tuning
performance tuning
You can go to the transaction SE30 to have the runtime analysis of your program.Also try the transaction SCI , which is SAP Code Inspector.
1 Always check the driver internal tables is not empty, while using FOR ALL ENTRIES
2 Avoid for all entries in JOINS
3 Try to avoid joins and use FOR ALL ENTRIES.
4 Try to restrict the joins to 1 level only ie only for 2 tables
5 Avoid using Select *.
6 Avoid having multiple Selects from the same table in the same object.
7 Try to minimize the number of variables to save memory.
8 The sequence of fields in 'where clause' must be as per primary/secondary index ( if any)
9 Avoid creation of index as far as possible
10 Avoid operators like <>, > , < & like % in where clause conditions
11 Avoid select/select single statements in loops.
12 Try to use 'binary search' in READ internal table. Ensure table is sorted before using BINARY SEARCH.
13 Avoid using aggregate functions (SUM, MAX etc) in selects ( GROUP BY , HAVING,)
14 Avoid using ORDER BY in selects
15 Avoid Nested Selects
16 Avoid Nested Loops of Internal Tables
17 Try to use FIELD SYMBOLS.
18 Try to avoid into Corresponding Fields of
19 Avoid using Select Distinct, Use DELETE ADJACENT.
<b>Reward points for useful Answers</b>
Regards
Anji -
What are the basic .jar files to be set in web dynpro project classpath
Hi,
I am having a problem while customizing the ESS. I used DTR, DC and imported configuration. After that, I created project from one of the DC(say ess/jp/addr). Later when I open an iView from any Web Dynpro component, I am getting lot of errors without even making any modifications.
I closed the project and reopened it and reload & rebuilt, but it doesn't solved my problem. In my classpath settings I couldn't find any jar files except the jre_lib. Could you please let me know what are the basic jar files we have to set in classpath and where to get them from. We are using NWDS 7.0.06 version.
Can you please let me know how to solve this or any other way to work around this.
It's an urgent to be fixed as early as possible, plz help me out.
Thanks & Regards,
RajHi Julien,
Thanks for your reply.
We imported the the specified SCAs in our track.
we are getting the following errors.
Kind Status Priority Description Resource In Folder Location
Error The import com.sap.xss.per cannot be resolved CcPerAddressInterface.java NS1_XSSTR_Dessusaddrsap.com/gen_wdp/packages/com/sap/xss/hr/per/us/address/cc line 18
Error com.sap.pcuigp cannot be resolved (or is not a valid type) for the argument fpm of the method loadConfiguration CcPerAddressInterface.java NS1_XSSTR_Dessusaddrsap.com/gen_wdp/packages/com/sap/xss/hr/per/us/address/cc line 113
Error com.sap.pcuigp cannot be resolved (or is not a valid return type) for the method getNextPerspective CcPerAddressInterface.java NS1_XSSTR_Dessusaddrsap.com/gen_wdp/packages/com/sap/xss/hr/per/us/address/cc line 127
Error com.sap.pcuigp cannot be resolved (or is not a valid type) for the argument currentPerspective of the method getNextPerspective CcPerAddressInterface.java NS1_XSSTR_Dessusaddrsap.com/gen_wdp/packages/com/sap/xss/hr/per/us/address/cc line 127
Error com.sap.pcuigp cannot be resolved (or is not a valid return type) for the method getCAPState CcPerAddressInterface.java NS1_XSSTR_Dessusaddrsap.com/gen_wdp/packages/com/sap/xss/hr/per/us/address/cc line 137
Error com.sap.pcuigp cannot be resolved (or is not a valid type) for the argument perspective of the method getCAPState CcPerAddressInterface.java NS1_XSSTR_Dessusaddrsap.com/gen_wdp/packages/com/sap/xss/hr/per/us/address/cc line 137
we manually set below .jar files in classpath settings.
pcuixssfpm.jar
pcuixssutils.jar
logging.jar
essper.jar
Is there any alternative to work around.
Thanks & Regards,
Raj -
What are the basic steps for creating a content repository?
I am trying to create a document store on a file system (fsdb) that will hold files that are ftp's to that location. Is this possible using KM? If so, what are the basic steps for creating a file system repository and using it through KM? I have found stuff on help.sap.com but that only tells you what each component does not what actual steps need to be taken to setup KM, such as user rights , creating an entry point, so that all of KM is not visible, etc...
If anyone knows of any guides that show a step by step process that would be great too.
Thanks
PaulHi Paul
First of all you need to create a new repository
Suppose you want to add all the documents under folder Paul under C: Drive
(Even you can put whole documents of C: drive into Paul)
Navigate to System Admin -> System Configuration -> Knowledge management -> Content Management -> Repository Manager -> File System Repository
There you can create a new directory by clicking on button New
Give the parameters as follows :-
Name : Anything you like
Description : Anything you want
Prefix (must start with /) : Probably same as your repository name like \Paul
Lookup mode : caseless
Root Directory : C:\Paul
NOTE: This is the trick. You need to give the proper path means folder path which you want use as repository)
Repository Services : Any services you want
Property Search : Managercom.sapportals.wcm.repository.manager.generic.search.SimplePropertySearchManager
Security Manager : AclSecurityManager
ACL Manager Cache : ca_cm_rep_acl
The save it
Now see whether the same repository is coming under KM Content or not, if not may be after restart it will come.
I think the above information will help you. If still you have problem, please feel free to contect me.
Regards,
Chamkaur -
What are the basic difference in the putting a variable in Query
what are the basic difference in the putting a variable in
1. Characteristic Restrictions Vs 2. Default ValuesExample - Cost Center Analysis Report - If I have Controlling Area in
Char Restricitons Only - I have restricted it to say ABC Controlling Area or a Variable- Report will be hardcoded to ABC Controlling Area or the Input Value entered during Runtime - After Execution, The Same cannot be changed in the report.
Assuming I will not have Controlling Area in the report means not in Rows n Columns.
You might have seen no change - > Did you place material in Rows or Columns ? -
HT5295 What are the basics of creating and distributing Podcasts?
What are the basics of creating and distributing Podcasts?
Search the web for "creating podcasts" and you'll find a plethora of information.
Regards. -
What are the basic element of Base configuration of an oracle Database ?
What are the basic element of Base configuration of an oracle Database ?
889543 wrote:
What are the basic element of Base configuration of an oracle Database ?check this link
http://www.dbnest.com/entry/194/
and if you want to configure oracle installation click below link .
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/B19306_01/server.102/b14196/install002.htm
--neeraj -
What are the basic knowledge needed for swift coding?
can someone please tell me what are the basic coding languages needed for swift coding .
Like do we need to know c or c++ ??
ThanksAlthough C is the default language of Unix, Swift does not require that you know C in order to learn or program in Swift. But knowing a programming language is a helpful step in learning a new programming language.
If you read the manual's first couple of chapters you will see what the goal of designing the Swift language was. In the manual they even suggest you can learn Swift without knowing C. They have removed the indirection of the C reliance on pointers and other arcane methods in order to make Swift easier and quicker to learn.
If you have no programming experience then I would suggest you might start with BASIC or Pascal. When you are comfortable with programming then you can take on Swift. -
What are the pre-requisite for ABAP Proxy communication?
What are the pre-requisite for ABAP Proxy communication?
hi,
How to create proxy.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04/helpdata/en/14/555f3c482a7331e10000000a114084/frameset.htm
How to Activate Proxy.
/people/vijaya.kumari2/blog/2006/01/26/how-do-you-activate-abap-proxies
ABAP Server Proxies (Inbound Proxy)
/people/siva.maranani/blog/2005/04/03/abap-server-proxies
OutBound Proxy (Client Proxy)
/people/sravya.talanki2/blog/2006/07/28/smarter-approach-for-coding-abap-proxies
/people/ravikumar.allampallam/blog/2005/03/14/abap-proxies-in-xiclient-proxy
File to R/3 via ABAP Proxy with good example
/people/prateek.shah/blog/2005/06/14/file-to-r3-via-abap-proxy
Debug your inbound ABAP Proxy implementation
/people/stefan.grube/blog/2006/07/28/xi-debug-your-inbound-abap-proxy-implementation
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw2004s/helpdata/en/48/d5a1fe5f317a4e8e35801ed2c88246/frameset.htm
Synchronous Proxies:
Outbound Synchronous Proxy
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/display/profile/abap%2bproxy%2boutbound%2bprogram%2b-%2bpurchase%2border%2bsend
Inbound Synchronous Proxy
https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/wiki?path=/display/profile/abap%2bproxy%2binbound%2bprogram%2b-%2bsales%2border%2bcreation
regards
srinivasreddy -
What are the performance tools in ABAP ?
What are the performance tools in ABAP ?
some thing like SQL Trace, Runtime Analysis ......what else ?hi,
Runtime Monitor
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/b5/fa121cc15911d5993d00508b6b8b11/content.htm
Memory Inspector
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/a2/e5fc84cc87964cb2c29f584152d74e/content.htm
Run Time Analyser
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/c6/617cafe68c11d2b2ab080009b43351/content.htm
SQL trace
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_47x200/helpdata/en/d1/801f7c454211d189710000e8322d00/content.htm -
What are the basic settings required to run webdynpro for abap application?
Hi,
i want some information regarding settings(HOST,Port) to run our application through Browser.What are the settings can i give to run my Application.and also i got some problem that when i create a VIEW it didnt shows the Standard Toolbar of Consisting of all UI Elememts.Is this problem is related Installation?
Thanks & Regards
RaviHi Ravi,
This will be helpful please check.
http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw04s/helpdata/en/43/e86de5008b4d9ae10000000a155369/content.htm.
Reward points if useful.
Regards,
Muneesh Gitta. -
What are the Basic Features of Enterprise Portal
What are the default, given or otherwise features of SAP netweaver/enterprise portal. I do not want to redo a function or feature/template of the feature/basic iview (portlet) already exists. And where I can find/get these features.
Thanks.Hi Joshua,
yes, there is preconfigured content (templates) in the portal.
Have a look at [SAP Help|http://help.sap.com/saphelp_nw70/helpdata/en/5a/0338f80c0b11d7b84800047582c9f7/frameset.htm].
You'll find two entries in the left hand navigation: "Pre-configured Roles" and "Standard Portal Content".
The information is not that detailed but you might get a first impression.
Besides the standard portal content there are so called Business Packages, which provide pre-configured iViews, pages, worksets and roles for specific business processes / scenarios. You can find them [here in SDN|https://www.sdn.sap.com/irj/sdn/contentportfolio].
Hth,
Michael -
What are the essbase objects?
What are types of essbase objects available?
Essbase development objects which we work most are Outline(.otl), Rul file(.rul), Calc script(.csc) and report script(.rep).
these are the core objects that will store and define the structure of essbase cube. -
What are the basic components in the library plugins folder.
What are the standard plugins in the Library/Plugins folder for Snow Leopard? I'm trying to figure out what I can uninstall and I have no clue.
It probably contains the empty folders Components, HAL, MAS, and VST. (I'm not sure, since my folders do contain stuff.) But none of Apple's standard effects and instruments are sitting there.
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What are the basic pre-requisites to Customize API in iSetup?
Hi,
Could you please let me know what are all the basic knowledge and pre-requisites needed to customize the API in iSetup?
Thanks,
Harish Nunna.Please go through the metalink note: 843397.1 (iSetup developer guide). This is the good starting point to know how to go about. If you are working on a specific requirement, please log a SR. I would be able to assist you.
Thanks
Mugunthan.
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