ASUS "Express gate" for Linux /boot partition

Hi there,
First let me introduce myself.
I'm a newbie on archlinux or even one level below, cause I don't have it installed
on my computer, cause it's still in pieces on the coach.
I came from Gentoo/Kubuntu and hope this version will work fine for me.
Now to the question.
Does anyone know how to use flash ram on a new ASUS motherboard for
a root or at least for a boot partition?
So far I could find on the net one can install a linux from windows xp or vista
on that flash and use it as an express system which is in original http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splashtop
I could not get the information on how big this flash disk is, but people talk
about something like 512MB. There are some distributives around which
feel comfortable with such an amount of memory.
I don't have a hardware in my hands yet, so i'm curious whether anyone has tried it out already.
Thanks in advance.
Regards,

djszapi wrote:
Welcome to the forum, lefsha!
What's your exact problem ?
Some Asus motherboards have a feature called Express Gate that allows an "instant on" type system. See this video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w41vS3UcZdk.
I think the OP wants to know if he can run Arch on the memory on the motherboard used for Express Gate.
I have an Asus board with this feature and would be interested to know if this would work, but I haven't even tried to use Express Gate yet so I would have no idea how to go about making it work.

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[SOLVED] boot partition does not output on genfstab.

I have installed Arch Linux 5 or 6 times and even had desktop environments. This is a first for this to happen. I do not have a way to copy and paste so I cannot reproduce all code.
I have 4 partitions. They are: /, home, boot, and swap. This is new for me and I am a bit confused. I did a search and found this, but no luck for me.
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=118114
Unfortunately, this is not helping me, or I just do not see it.
The root, the home and the swap partition output normally. It looks like this:
# /dev/sda2
UUID=**************************** / ext4 rw,relatime,data=ordered 0 1
# /dev/sda4
UUID=**************************** /home ext4 rw,relatime,data=ordered 0 2
# /dev/sda3
UUID=**************************** none swap defauults 0 0
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lsblk -f | grep sda1
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The boot partion of fstab reads:
# /dev/sda1
UUID=lots_of_alpha_numbers /boot ext4
My questions:
How do I know what options to add for the boot partition?
Why would cause this not to show up?
What options do I put for /boot - the same as / and /home (rq,relatime,data=ordered)?
What order should the /boot partion load? All other installs it did root as 1, home as 2 and boot as 2.
I have installed Arch Linux successfully at least 5 times and never had this issue. So I am wondering If manually adding this is covering up a bigger problem.
Last edited by AcousticBruce (2015-05-18 17:11:22)

I want to make clear what happened. Because I made the same mistake again, it dawned on me what is happeneing.. I went back to the wiki and found that it was there all along.
After creating the partitons I made 2 directories.
# mkdir -p /mnt/boot
# mkdir -p /mnt/home
And here is where MY mistake was...
# mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot
# mount /dev/sda4 /mnt/home
# mount /dev/sda2 /mnt
What happened, because of the ORDER that I mounted, the mount points of /mnt/boot and /mnt/home were comprimized and because they are subdirectories of /mnt. I got careless because I was getting good at installing Arch without the wiki and because I did not understand a fundemental of the system it was messed up.
I went back after I figured out my problem and saw that the mount and partitons wiki was useful and would have prevented if I was a bit more observent.
It clearly states: "The / (root) partition must be mounted first: this is because any directories such as /boot or /home that have separate partitions will have to be created in the root file system. The /mnt directory of the live system will be used to mount the root partition, and consequently all the other partitions will stem from there. If the root partition's name is sdxR, do:
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Setup Windows TS step changes boot partition from C to D

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Partition an Advanced Format drive with 4KB sector (for Linux OS only)

I got a brand new WD 1TB drive, model WD10EZEX, I'm upgrading from an old 500 GB drive with Arch running on it, and I'm going to make a fresh Arch install on it.
I suddenly learned about all this Advanced Format issue, with the first units "lying" about physical sector size and all that stuff, which started like 2 years ago and I was not aware of.
I couldn't find a step by step guide to perform the proper formatting for a fresh Linux OS install with 4KB-sector, despite the info is out there scattered in tons of blogs, forums, etc.
I figured out the steps for my simple setup, and I'd like to know if everything is all right. For the ones who already know the steps, can you please go to the bottom of the post, and tell me if the final setup is all right to start the fresh install ?? I reproduce all the steps hoping that this will help other people in the future.
I'll use the whole drive only for an Archlinux install, with one partition for the / and another for /home.
Seems the GPT modern method is the way to go, and the gdisk tool will do the trick. If we are booting from this drive, with GRUB2 in a BIOS system, we must also create a BIOS Boot Partition.
So, with the drive having no partitions at all, and sda being the device name
# gdisk /dev/sda
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 1953525168 sectors, 931.5 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 6527769B-B4BC-408C-A45B-D2DAA4036620
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1953525134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 1953525101 sectors (931.5 GiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
we create the 2 MiB BIOS Boot Partition
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (1-128, default 1): 1
First sector (34-1953525134, default = 2048) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: 2048
Last sector (2048-1953525134, default = 1953525134) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +2M
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): ef02
a 45GB partition to use as /
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (2-128, default 2):
First sector (34-1953525134, default = 6144) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (6144-1953525134, default = 1953525134) or {+-}size{KMGTP}: +45G
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8300
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
and the rest to use as /home
Command (? for help): n
Partition number (3-128, default 3): 3
First sector (34-1953525134, default = 94377984) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Last sector (94377984-1953525134, default = 1953525134) or {+-}size{KMGTP}:
Current type is 'Linux filesystem'
Hex code or GUID (L to show codes, Enter = 8300): 8300
Changed type of partition to 'Linux filesystem'
we can check the setup
Command (? for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 1953525168 sectors, 931.5 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 6527769B-B4BC-408C-A45B-D2DAA4036620
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1953525134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 6143 2.0 MiB EF02 BIOS boot partition
2 6144 94377983 45.0 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem
3 94377984 1953525134 886.5 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem
and everything looks fine, we have the multiples of 8 starting sectors, so we write the changes
Command (? for help): w
Final checks complete. About to write GPT data. THIS WILL OVERWRITE EXISTING PARTITIONS!!
Do you want to proceed? (Y/N): y
OK; writing new GUID partition table (GPT) to /dev/sda.
The operation has completed successfully.
now we need to give the / and /home partitions a format, I choose ext4 and ask for a 4096 block size just in case we have a "lying" unit (not my case but I prefer to write down the most general command)
# mkfs.ext4 -b 4096 /dev/sda2
mke2fs 1.42.6 (21-Sep-2012)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
2949120 inodes, 11796480 blocks
589824 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
360 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
and the same thing for /dev/sda3 .
Check with gdisk and parted that everything is fine, is this all right to start the install ??
# gdisk -l /dev/sda
GPT fdisk (gdisk) version 0.8.5
Partition table scan:
MBR: protective
BSD: not present
APM: not present
GPT: present
Found valid GPT with protective MBR; using GPT.
Disk /dev/sda: 1953525168 sectors, 931.5 GiB
Logical sector size: 512 bytes
Disk identifier (GUID): 6527769B-B4BC-408C-A45B-D2DAA4036620
Partition table holds up to 128 entries
First usable sector is 34, last usable sector is 1953525134
Partitions will be aligned on 2048-sector boundaries
Total free space is 2014 sectors (1007.0 KiB)
Number Start (sector) End (sector) Size Code Name
1 2048 6143 2.0 MiB EF02 BIOS boot partition
2 6144 94377983 45.0 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem
3 94377984 1953525134 886.5 GiB 8300 Linux filesystem
# parted /dev/sda
GNU Parted 3.1
Using /dev/sda
Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands.
(parted) print
Model: ATA WDC WD10EZEX-00R (scsi)
Disk /dev/sda: 1000GB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:
Number Start End Size File system Name Flags
1 1049kB 3146kB 2097kB BIOS boot partition bios_grub
2 3146kB 48.3GB 48.3GB ext4 Linux filesystem
3 48.3GB 1000GB 952GB ext4 Linux filesystem
Last edited by karamaz0v (2012-12-06 06:39:45)

Your partitions look fine from an Advanced Format point of view. The test is simple: Are all your partitions' start points, as measured in sectors, divisible by 8? Yours are.
karamaz0v wrote:what confused me a bit, was that I saw a lot of setups with the BIOS boot partition, and also a 200 MB EFI one. Having a BIOS system, I think I don't need the EFI one.
Some people do this because they're unclear of their requirements. Others do it because they want to have the option of switching boot modes between BIOS/legacy and EFI. With both types of boot loader installed, you can choose on a boot-by-boot basis which way to start the computer, assuming it supports both boot modes.

Using one logical partition for / and /boot

Hi
on my pc i have windows and a linux. i want to install Arch and have all of them. there are some windows (ntfs) partition on my hard disk, a swap area and 2 linux partition that one of them is used by ubuntu (/boot, / , /home .....of ubuntu are in one partition which is ext4). is it possible to use the same method for Arch? i mean , i do not want to have a seperate /boot partition for Arch. is it possible? if yes, what is the recommended file system for that partition? can i use ext4? (some distroes do not support booting from an ext4.)
Regards

You can use one partition for arch, with no separate /boot, and arch can boot from ext4.

/boot partition on USB disc for encryption scheme

Hello archers!
i have recently embarked on a project to create a fully encrypted harddrive with the boot routine entirely on a USB pen, as described in this guide
http://linuxreviews.org/howtos/security … ex.html.en
Now, seeing as Loop-AES is not supported in arch, it would mean i'd have to rebuild util-linux amongst other things, and it would be a hassle to maintain. I have taken a look at the dm-crypt + LUKS approach on the wiki, and i was wondering if it was possible to move the /boot partition to the USB pen along with a keyfile and the nessecary routines to make it boot? And if i can, could anyone give me some pointers as to how?

As I have done exactly that - yes.
(well, with CF cards and not USB pen, but since the controller is USB it's technically the same)
First, prepare the USB stick.
- zero it: 'dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdX (<- careful here!) bs=4M'
- put a partition on it; I used cfdisk, normal Linux type 83, and marked it bootable (not really necessary, but hey ;)
- put a filesystem on it; I used plain Ext2 minus all the fancy new stuff (no journal, no 256-byte inodes, no resize_inode, no dir_index, no reserved blocks...)
- make it bootable; I used Grub and had a hard time until I finally got to the normal Grub menu, but I don't remember why ... sorry ^.^
On the topic of Grub, you need a menu.lst:
title Arch Linux
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz26 cryptkey=/dev/disk/by-uuid/<UUID-of-Ext2fs-On-UsbPen>:ext2:cryptvg.key cryptdevice=/dev/disk/by-uuid/<UUID-of-Encrypted-RootDisk>:vg root=/dev/mapper/vg-root ro radeon.modeset=1 # okay, KMS is a bit off-topic... :p
initrd /kernel26.img
That's already full-featured, as my setup uses a keyfile instead of a passphrase, and it's an LVM-on-LUKS setup.
Scrap the "cryptkey=..." if you want to input a passphrase on boot.
You really want to use the UUID scheme and for that, 'blkid' is your friend.
Next up is the initramfs, so edit /etc/mkinitcpio.conf.
I tend to keep it minimal (my CF card is not exactly huge - 8 MB ;-) so only the really required modules and hooks:
-> MODULES="intel-agp radeon ehci-hcd usb-storage ext2 sd_mod ahci jfs"
The first two because I want early KMS, the next two to recognize the USB reader, ext2 to read the keyfile, sd_mod is mandatory and you'd have to modify the last two for your setup - type of IDE/SATA controller and root filesystem
-> CRYPTO_MODULES="aes-i586 xts"
Pretty straightforward - you can simply omit the line, the image will just get a bit larger
-> HOOKS="base consolefont udev encrypt lvm2"
Simple again - you always want "base+udev", it's LUKS encrypted and in there lies the LVM stuff; "consolefont" just in case, so you have the same keyboard layout as in /etc/rc.conf right from the start.
-> COMPRESSION="lzma"
8 MB CF card, remember? >.<
Now rebuild the image: 'mkinitcpio -p kernel26' (or specify its location directly with -g)
Last but not least put the /boot stuff (minimum: System.map26, vmlinuz, kernel26.img and the grub/ dir) on the stick and have fun rebooting! :-p
You also might want to read the relevant wiki article a few times more, just in case.
And one final note: I didn't do this with a fresh install, but converted an existing Arch setup to LUKS+LVM after getting a new machine, so I can't say how this would work together with the current installer.
Last edited by byte (2010-05-31 01:43:46)

Partitioning drives for linux and windows 7

I want to know if there is a piece of software that is free that can partition my drives so that I can triple boot OSX lion, windows 7 (which is currently blocking...) Linux (ubuntu puredyne).
A little bit of guidance would be much apprieciated as I have already tried fixing the partition tables MBR in the terminal and ended up disabling windows.
I know how to reinstall windows but what software can partintion the drives for linux as a triple boot?
Thanks.

Well, this is possible using Disk Utility as well as the Linux formatter. However, to triple boot will require special software: The rEFInd Boot Manager - Roderick Smith.

Is there a size limit for hard drive boot partition?

I have been using Drive Genius to adjust the size of my boot partition larger. But it doesn't seem to allow for much increase, even though I deleted the second partition and tried to apply the disk space to DH1: (boot - there is a single partition on the hard drive now.)
It recognizes only 59.53gb and the drive is I think around 130gb. Anything beyond 59.53 is unusable since I deleted that second partition though I could probably get it back with a second partition.
Is this a Tiger issue or a Mac issue? It resized it bigger somewhat, so it seems to be something about the particular size. I want a really big space for my applications and so on.
Thanks. Didn't know where to post this question.

You don't want to make a disc image. You want to clone to an external drive:
How to Clone Using Restore Option of Disk Utility
1. Open Disk Utility from the Utilities folder.
2. Select the backup or destination volume from the left side list.
3. Click on the Erase tab in the DU main window. Set the format type to Mac OS Extended (journaled, if available) and click on the Erase button. This step can be skipped if the destination has already been freshly erased.
4. Click on the Restore tab in the DU main window.
5. Select the backup or destination volume from the left side list and drag it to the Destination entry field.
6. Select the startup or source volume from the left side list and drag it to the Source entry field.
7. Double-check you got it right, then click on the Restore button.
Once you finish the clone open Startup Disk and set the clone as your startup volume, then click on the Restart button. You should now boot from the clone. You can then repartition the internal hard drive the way you want, then clone the external drive to the internal one.

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(SOLVED) Dualboot Windows + Arch Linux (Windows boot partition)

Hi,
I have 4 partitions.
sda1: Windows boot partition (ntfs) - This has always been there
sda2: Windows Installation
sda3: HP_Tools - I need to keep this for warranty
sda4: Arch Installation
I want to use GRUB to have a dualboot option at startup. Do I need to install GRUB to the boot partition which is NTFS, this should be ext3 according to the tutorial.
Or can I just install grub on the Arch installation in the /boot folder?
Thanks already!
Last edited by AlexCogn (2012-10-02 15:02:10)

Scimmia wrote:
AlexCogn wrote:When I do that Windows just starts.
Then you didn't install grub to the MBR. Don't forget, installing the package isn't enough, you actually have to install grub to sda as a separate step.
So
# grub-install --target=i386-pc --recheck /dev/sda
# cp /usr/share/locale/en\@quot/LC_MESSAGES/grub.mo /boot/grub/locale/en.mo
and then
# grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
I forgot the installation ... I'm trying it in half an hour, thanks already for you help guys!

/boot partition necessary for arch install on macbook

I am going to be installing arch on my macbook( will be first attempt at this), and I was wondering if I definitely need a /boot partition, or will just having a / and /home partition work?
Also, I will still have OS X SL installed. So the partitions will be like this:
EFI
OS X
/home
So....? /boot ..... definitely do need it or do not need it ? Thanks for any and all replies.

What jakobm said. I'm triple-booting right now, so I only have 1 partition for arch, mounted as /. Have to use a swap file. Everything is smooth and awesome. If I were you, I'd have a / partition and a swap partition. Unless you really want a separate /home partition that badly.

No partitions for Firewire boot drive?

I've been limping along with a 40GB main drive for a while (which I could deal with since I have a 120GB drive for my audio work, which is what I mainly use the computer for) and I was going to back up everything to a 250GB Firewire drive and then install a bigger hard drive. Somewhere, though, I seem to have gotten the idea that you can't boot from a FW drive w/partitions. Am I wrong? I hope so.

wilhelm:
Dr. Smoke's FAQ Backup and Recovery has excellent advice, including a suggested scheme for partitioning. Of course, your needs are different and will dictate your scheme.
Your first (backup) partition should be approximately the size of your HDD, because that is all the capacity your backup will need. However, you situation is complicated by the fact that you are contemplating a larger internal HDD, which you will then backup to your backup partition. It might be well to go ahead and create a partition the size you will eventually need for backup when you swep out your old HDD for a new one. (Incidentally, you can then put the old HDD in a firewire enclosure for an additional HDD, which, I am sure, you will find useful in some way!)
In terms of cloning back to your newly swapped in internal HDD, that will, indeed, make the process easier. You will need to format the HDD, as you will the external when you get it, then use SuperDuper to clone everything over to it.
Here is a set of step-by-step directions for formatting and partitioning your HDD:
Formatting, Partitioning Zeroing a Hard Disk Drive
Warning! This procedure will destroy all data on your Hard Disk Drive. Be sure you have an up-to-date, tested backup of at least your Users folder and any third party applications you do not want to re-install before attempting this procedure.
Boot from the install CD holding down the "C" key.
Select language
Go to the Utilities menu (Tiger) Installer menu (Panther & earlier) and launch Disk Utility.
Select your HDD (manufacturer ID) in left side bar.
Select Partition tab in main panel. (You are about to create a single partition volume.)
Select number of partition in pull-down menu above Volume diagram.
(Note: 1 partition is normally better for an internal HDD. External HDDs usually have more than one. See Dr. Smoke’s FAQ Backup and Recovery for tips on partitioning external HDD.)
Type in name in Name field (usually Macintosh HD)
Select Volume Format as Mac OS Extended (Journaled)
Click Partition button at bottom of panel.
Select Erase tab
Optional: (Select the sub-volume under Manufacturer ID (usually Macintosh HD).
Check to be sure your Volume Name and Volume Format are correct.
Select on Security Options button (Tiger) Options button (Panther & earlier).
Select Zero all data. (This process will map out bad blocks on your HDD. However, it could take several hours. If you want a quicker method, don't go to Security Options and just click the Erase button.)
Click OK.
Click Erase button
Quit Disk Utility.
Open installer and begin installation process.
Good luck.
cornelius

Is it possible to partition my hd without losing data for dual boot?

i have 10.6.2 as my main OS right now but want to create a separate partition and put 10.5 on it, can i do this without losing my data on snowleopard?

Sure. Open Disk Utility in your Utilities folder. Select the topmost entry for your hard drive - mfgr.'s ID and drive size - then click on the Partition tab in the DU main window. You should see a partition window surrounded in a light blue rectangle. At the bottom is a sizing gadget. Select it and push up to reduce the size of the existing partition enough for the size of the new partition you desire. Do not reduce it too much or you may not have enough space for your existing partition. The click on the [+] button to add a new partition in the space you've created. Click on the Partition button and wait until the process has completed. It will take a little while so be patient. When it is completed you now have the new volume mounted on your Desktop.

Oracle 11gR2 Express Edition on Linux Ubuntu 11.10 howto

h1. Oracle 11gR2 Express Edition on Linux Ubuntu 11.10 howto
Author: Dude
Version: D
Last modified: 14-Jan-2012
You are welcome to add comments, but please do not discuss your installation issues in this thread. If you have a question about the instructions, please add a simple note to the link of your own thread. The instructions are the result of my own research and development. If you would like to use any of the information for your own blog or website, please include a link to this reference to include future changes.
Oracle 11gR2 Express Edition on Linux Ubuntu 11.10 howto
h2. Purpose
This document outlines instructions how to install Oracle XE under Ubuntu 11.10.
Ubuntu or Debian based Linux is not on the list of supported operation systems according to the Oracle documentation at http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17781_01/install.112/e18802/toc.htm. You may want to consider virtualization software like Oracle Virtualbox and install Oracle Enterprise Linux as a free and professional alternative to installing XE under Ubuntu. You can also download pre-build virtual machines that include Oracle XE. You can browse http://otn.oracle.com/community/developer-vm for more information.
h2. Topics
h4. 1) Install Linux Ubuntu
h4. 2) Remote Terminal
h4. 3) Install Additional Software
h4. 4) Managing Swap Space
h4. 5) Modify Kernel Parameters
h4. 6) Oracle Home Directory
...a) Resize the Root Partition
...b) Setup External Storage
h4. 7) ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET
h4. 8) Installing Oracle 11gR2 Express Edition
h4. 9) Post-Installation
h4. 10) Tips and Troubleshooting
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...b) cannot touch `/var/lock/subsys/listener': No such file or directory
...c) ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET
...d) Apex ADMIN password
...e) SYS and SYSTEM password
...f) Uninstall Oracle 11g XE
...g) Reconfigure Oracle 11g XE
...h) Gnome Classic desktop
...i) Unix vi cursor keys
...j) Backup Database
h4. 11) History
h4. 12) References
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Oracle 11g Express Edition requires additional software that is not installed by default:
sudo apt-get install alien libaio1 unixodbch2. 4) Managing Swap Space
Oracle demands that the minimum swap space for Oracle Database XE is 2 GB (2095100 KB) or twice the size of RAM, whichever is lesser. Enter the following shell command to verify your swap space:
cat /proc/meminfo | grep -i swap
SwapCached:            0 kB
SwapTotal:       2095100 kB
SwapFree:        2095100 kBYou can increase available swap space by using a swap file as long as disk space permits. The advantage of a swap file versus a swap partition is flexible space management because you can add or delete swap space on demand as necessary. The following will create and enable an additional 1 GB swap file at system startup, located in the /home directory:
Login as root:
sudo su -Enter the following commands:
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/swapfile bs=1024 count=1048576
mkswap /home/swapfile
swapon /home/swapfile
swapon -aCreate a backup of the original "fstab" file and add the new swap file:
cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.backup_`date +%N`
echo '/home/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0' >> /etc/fstabExit from root and verify the new swap space:
exit
swapon -s
Filename                    Type          Size     Used     Priority
/dev/sda5                               partition     2095100     0     -1
/home/swapfile                          file          1048572     0     -2Swap space is not a substitute for installed RAM. Swap space is a safeguard that allows the system to move idle processes to disk before the OOM killer will begin to terminate processes in order to free up enough real memory to keep the system operational. The general rule for sizing the swap space depends on the size of installed RAM. If your system has less then 4 GB of RAM the swap space should usually be at least twice this size. If you have more than 8 GB of RAM installed you may consider to use an equal size as swap space. The more RAM you have installed, the less likely you are going to run into memory starvation, and the less likely you are going to need swap space, unless you have a bad process.
h2. 5) Modify Kernel Parameters
Oracle 11gR2 Express Edition requires the following Kernel parameters. Enter the commands exactly as shown:
Login as root:
sudo su -Cut & paste the following directly into a command shell (not a text editor):
cat > /etc/sysctl.d/60-oracle.conf <<-EOF
# Oracle 11g XE kernel parameters
fs.file-max=6815744
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
# kernel.shmmax=429496729
kernel.shmmax=107374183
EOFLoad and verify the new kernel parameters:
service procps start
sudo sysctl -q fs.file-max
sudo sysctl -q kernel.shmmax
sudo sysctl -q net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range
sudo sysctl -q kernel.sem The SHMMAX kernel parameter defines the upper memory limit of a process. It is a safeguard to stop a bad process from using all memory and causing RAM starvation. The Linux default is 32 MB. The official Oracle XE installation documentation suggests a value of 4 GB -1 bytes (429496729). Since Oracle 11g XE has a 1 GB memory limit, a smaller footprint will be a better safeguard for the complete system. Setting the SHMMAX parameter to 107374183 will be sufficient.
h2. 6) Oracle Home Directory
At the time of this writing, Enterprise Linux 6 is not supported for Oracle database yet. It is therefore not possible to confirm Oracle ext4 filesystem compatibility, which is default in Ubuntu 11. According to various information, ext4 may cause a performance problem for Oracle 11g database. The following will show you how to add a ext3 partition to your existing setup.
h3. 6.a) Resize the Root Partition
Provided you have sufficient free disk space, you should be able to resize the root partition to create an extra ext3 filesystem. Considering the 11 GB user datafile limit of the Express Edition, 18 GB should be more than enough.
You can use the free Gparted Live CD to shrink your startup volume. Gparted downloads are available at http://sourceforge.net/projects/gparted/files/gparted-live-stable. When burning the CD, pay attention to burn the raw .iso image and not the possibly "mounted" image. If you are using a virtual machine like Oracle Virtualbox, you can mount the .iso image directly. There are going to be a few prompts when the system starts from the CD, but you can press Return to accept the defaults.
When the Gparted window appears:
- Select your ext4 root partition, usually /dev/sda1
- Select the "Resize/Move" button from the toolbar.
- Enter 18000 into the "Free space following" field and press the Return key.
Be careful not not change the start of the partition!
- Click the "Resize/Move" of the dialog and then then the "Apply" toolbar button.
The process may take several minutes - do not abandon it!
- Select the new unallocated free space of ~ 18 GB and push the "New" button.
- Set the file system to "ext3" and label it "oraclexe" and click the "Add" button.
Be sure to label it oraclexe, otherwise the follow-up instructions will fail.
- Finally select "Apply from the toolbar to apply the changes.
- Quit "Gparted", select "Exit" from the desktop and choose "Reboot" to restart the system.
{code}
After the system has restarted, open a terminal command shell.
Login as root:
{code}
sudo su -
{code}
Backup "fstab" and add the UUID of the partition. The "tr" command remove the quotes:
{code}
cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab_`date +%N`
uuid=`blkid | grep oraclexe | awk '{print $3}'`
uuid=`echo $uuid | tr -d '\042'`
echo $uuid
echo "$uuid /u01 ext3 errors=remount-ro 0 1" >> /etc/fstab
{code}
The UUID is a unique number and should look similar to:
{code}
UUID=d1db753e-b5dd-4a4c-a61e-259c69867b58
{code}
Restart the system:
{code}
reboot
{code}
Verify the success:
{code}
df -h /u01
{code}
h3. 6.b) Setup External Storage
If you prefer to setup an external drive to install Oracle XE, beware that it can be a fatal mistake to make an entry in /etc/fstab to automount your external storage device. An unavailable device in /etc/fstab will prevent a system startup and prompt for appropriate actions at the console.
The following is an example of how to prepare an external storage device to be used for Oracle 11g, including a script to automatically mount an external drive at system startup without the disadvantages of /etc/fstab. The script will also take into consideration that a device name might shift if you attach additional devices.
To find out which USB devices are connected:
{code}
sudo parted -l
{code}
Look for the device that matches your USB storage. For example: /dev/sdb1
{code}
Model: USB 2.0 Flash Disk (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdb: 2064MB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B
Partition Table: gpt
Number Start   End     Size    File system Name     Flags
1      20.5kB 1929MB 1929MB hfs+         mystick
{code}
Initialize the device using ext3 filesystem - this will erase all data. The "-c" option will check for bad blocks (read-only), "-L" is the volume label:
{code}
sudo umount /dev/sdb1
sudo mkfs.ext3 -c -L oraclexe /dev/sdb1
{code}
Install the pmount distribution package:
{code}
sudo apt-get install pmount
{code}
Login as root:
{code}
sudo su -
{code}
Cut & paste the following into the command prompt (not a text editor):
{code}
cat > /etc/init.d/oracle-mount <<-EOF
#! /bin/sh
# /etc/init.d/oracle-mount
VOL_UUID=alphanumeric
VOL_LABEL=oraclexe
VOL_SYMLINK=/u01
mount=/usr/bin/pmount
uuid2dev() {
   VOL_DEVICE="\`blkid | grep \$VOL_UUID | awk '{print \$1}'\`"
   VOL_DEVICE="\`echo \$VOL_DEVICE | tr -d ':'\`"
   echo \$VOL_DEVICE
case "\$1" in
start)
    echo "Starting script /etc/init.d/oracle-mount"
    uuid2dev
    \$mount \$VOL_DEVICE \$VOL_LABEL
    if [ -d /media/\$VOL_LABEL ]; then
       echo "Mount \$VOL_DEVICE success"
       ln -sf /media/\$VOL_LABEL \$VOL_SYMLINK
    else
       echo "Error mouting \$VOL_DEVICE"
    fi
stop)
    echo "Stopping script /etc/init.d/oracle-mount"
    uuid2dev
    /bin/umount \$VOL_DEVICE 2>/dev/null
    if [ "\`/usr/bin/pmount | /bin/grep \$VOL_DEVICE\`" ]; then
       echo "Error unmounting \$VOL_DEVICE"
    else
       rm -f \$VOL_SYMLINK
    fi
    echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/oracle-u01 {start|stop}"
    exit 1
esac
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          oracle-mount
# Required-Start:    \$remote_fs \$syslog
# Required-Stop:     \$remote_fs \$syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Start daemon at boot time
# Description:       Mount hotplug-usb drive and create symlink
### END INIT INFO
EOF
{code}
Install the oracle-mount init script:
{code}
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle-mount
update-rc.d oracle-mount defaults 01 99
{code}
Get the UUID of the volume "oraclexe" and update the VOL_UUID in the init script accordingly:
{code}
uuid=`blkid | grep oraclexe | awk '{print $3}'`
echo $uuid
sed -i "s/^VOL_UUID=.*/VOL_$uuid/g" /etc/init.d/oracle-mount
{code}
The UUID of your device will be a unique number, but should be similar to:
{code}
UUID="3f5e9963-b328-49f3-b3e8-a3561ae34106"
{code}
Logout of root and test the init script:
{code}
exit
sudo /etc/init.d/oracle-mount stop
ls /u01
sudo /etc/init.d/oracle-mount start
ls /u01
{code}
Your output should look like:
{code}
Stopping script /etc/init.d/oracle-mount
/dev/sdb1
ls: cannot access /u01: No such file or directory
Starting script /etc/init.d/oracle-mount
/dev/sdb1
Mount /dev/sdb1 success
lost+found
{code}
h2. 7) ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET
Oracle 11gR2 XE under Ubuntu 11.10 will result in "ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not support on this system" either at Oracle database startup or during the initial installation. Ubuntu 11.10 uses a new version of the "systemd" system and session manager and has migrated away from /dev/shm and other common directories in favor of /run.
There are several ways how to address the problem. You can either enable /dev/shm shared memory, or change the default memory management of Oracle 11g from AMM (Automatic Memory Management) to ASMM (Automatic Shared Memory Management) as it was in used the previous 10g version. Since AMM is one of the new features of 11g, the following will show you how to make to make AMM work.
Login as root:
{code}
sudo su -
{code}
Cut & paste the following into the command prompt (not a text editor):
{code}
cat > /etc/init.d/oracle-shm <<-EOF
#! /bin/sh
# /etc/init.d/oracle-shm
case "\$1" in
start)
    echo "Starting script /etc/init.d/oracle-shm"
    # Run only once at system startup
    if [ -e /dev/shm/.oracle-shm ]; then
      echo "/dev/shm is already mounted, nothing to do"
    else
      rm -f /dev/shm
      mkdir /dev/shm
      mount -B /run/shm /dev/shm
      touch /dev/shm/.oracle-shm
    fi
stop)
    echo "Stopping script /etc/init.d/oracle-shm"
    echo "Nothing to do"
    echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/oracle-shm {start|stop}"
    exit 1
esac
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          oracle-shm
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:      0 1 6
# Short-Description: Bind /run/shm to /dev/shm at system startup.
# Description:       Fix to allow Oracle 11g use AMM.
### END INIT INFO
EOF
{code}
Install the oracle-shm init script:
{code}
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle-shm
update-rc.d oracle-shm defaults 01 99
{code}
Restart the system:
{code}
reboot
{code}
Verify the success:
{code}
sudo cat /etc/mtab | grep shm
{code}
{code}
none /run/shm tmpfs rw,nosuid,nodev 0 0
/run/shm /dev/shm none rw,bind 0 0
{code}
The upper limit of shared memory under Linux is set to 50 % of the installed RAM by default. If your system has less than 2 GB of RAM installed, there is still a chance to run into ORA-00845 error if your shared memory is used by other software.
The verify available shared memory, type the following commands:
{code}
sudo df -h /run/shm
{code}
h2. 8) Installing Oracle 11gR2 Express Edition
The final release version of Oracle 11gR2 Express Edition can be downloaded for free at http://otn.oracle.com/database/express-edition/downloads. The software should automatically downloaded into the "Downloads" folder of your home directory.
Enter the following commands to unpack the installer:
{code}
cd ~/Downloads
unzip oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm.zip
rm oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm.zip
{code}
The Debian Linux based package management of Ubuntu is not compatible with the Red Hat package manager. The Oracle installer needs to be converted using the following commands:
{code}
cd ~/Downloads/Disk1
sudo alien --to-deb --scripts oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm
(This may take a few minutes)
rm oracle-xe-11.2.0-1.0.x86_64.rpm
{code}
The following needs to be set for compatibility:
{code}
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
sudo mkdir /var/lock/subsys
{code}
Ubuntu uses different tools to manage services and system startup scripts. The "chkconfig" tool required by the Oracle installer is not available in Ubuntu. The following will create a file to simulate the "chkconfig" tool.
Login as root:
{code}
sudo su -
{code}
Copy & paste the following *directly* into the command prompt to create a file:
{code}
cat > /sbin/chkconfig <<-EOF
#!/bin/bash
# Oracle 11gR2 XE installer chkconfig hack for Debian based Linux (by dude)
# Only run once.
echo "Simulating /sbin/chkconfig..."
if [[ ! \`tail -n1 /etc/init.d/oracle-xe | grep INIT\` ]]; then
cat >> /etc/init.d/oracle-xe <<-EOM
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:                  OracleXE
# Required-Start:        \\\$remote_fs \\\$syslog
# Required-Stop:        \\\$remote_fs \\\$syslog
# Default-Start:            2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:            0 1 6
# Short-Description:   Oracle 11g Express Edition
### END INIT INFO
EOM
fi
update-rc.d oracle-xe defaults 80 01
EOF
{code}
Exit root:
{code}
exit
{code}
Set execute privileges:
{code}
sudo chmod 755 /sbin/chkconfig
{code}
Install Oracle 11gR2 Express Edition entering the following commands:
{code}
cd ~/Downloads/Disk1
sudo dpkg --install ./oracle-xe_11.2.0-2_amd64.deb
(This may take a couple of minutes)
{code}
Run the configuration script to create (clone) the database and follow the screen. Accept the default answers, including "y" to startup the database automatically, or modify as required.
{code}
sudo /etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure
(This can take a few minutes - the installation completed successfully.)
{code}
To verify success, the procedure should end showing:
{code}
Starting Oracle Net Listener...Done
Configuring database...Done
Starting Oracle Database 11g Express Edition instance...Done
Installation completed successfully.
{code}
Set a password for the Oracle account:
{code}
sudo passwd oracle
{code}
h2. 9) Post-Installation
In order to use sqlplus and other tools, the Oracle account requires specific environment variables. The following will set these variables automatically at every Oracle login:
Login as the Oracle user:
{code}
su - oracle
{code}
Copy the default account skeleton files and add the Oracle env script to .profile:
{code}
cp /etc/skel/.bash_logout ./
cp /etc/skel/.bashrc ./
cp /etc/skel/.profile ./
echo "" >>./.profile
echo '. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/bin/oracle_env.sh' >>./.profile
{code}
By default, the Oracle Database XE graphical user interface is only available at the local server, but not remotely. The following will enable remote logins:
Login as the Oracle user:
{code}
su - oracle
{code}
Login as SYSDBA and execute the following:
{code}
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> EXEC DBMS_XDB.SETLISTENERLOCALACCESS(FALSE);
exit
{code}
See http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17781_01/admin.112/e18585/toc.htm for more information.
h3. a) Unity desktop configurations
The Oracle XE menu under the previous Gnome Classic desktop shows several useful scripts to backup the database, start and stop the database, etc. Under the Unity based desktop this menu is not available. You can either switch to the Gnome Classic desktop as outlined in chapter 2, or perform the following steps to modify and copy the scripts as outlined below. The start and stop database scripts will also be modified to perform a progress feedback.
Login as user root:
{code}
sudo su -
{code}
Convert desktop files:
{code}
cd /usr/share/applications
sed -i 's/Categories.*/Categories=Database;Office;Development;/g' oraclexe*
sed -i 's/MultipleArgs/X-MultipleArgs/g' oraclexe*
sed -i 's/MimeType.*/MimeType=application\/x-database/g' oraclexe*
sed -i 's/.png//g' oraclexe*
sed -i 's/Terminal=false/Terminal=true/g' oraclexe-startdb.desktop
sed -i 's/Terminal=false/Terminal=true/g' oraclexe-stopdb.desktop
{code}
Exit root:
{code}
exit
{code}
Login as user Oracle:
{code}
su - oracle
{code}
Modify database start and stop scripts:
{code}
cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/config/scripts
cp startdb.sh start.sh_orig
cp stopdb.sh stopdb.sh_orig
sed -i 's/>.*//g' startdb.sh
sed -i 's/>.*//g' stopdb.sh
{code}
You will need SYSDBA privileges and set Oracle environment variables in order to use your regular user account.
Login to your regular user account:
{code}
su - dude
{code}
Enter the folowing command:
{code}
sudo usermod -a -G dba dude
{code}
Then update your profile to automatically set the necessary Oracle environment variables:
{code}
echo "" >>./.profile
echo '. /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/bin/oracle_env.sh' >>./.profile
{code}
Update your Desktop folder to contain useful Oracle XE scripts:
{code}
cp /usr/share/applications/oraclexe* ~/Desktop
chmod 750 ~/Desktop/oraclexe*
{code}
To verify success re-login and try "sqlplus":
{code}
su - oracle
sqlplus / as sysdba
{code}
h2. 10) Tips and Troubleshooting
h3. 10. a) Port 1521 appears to be in use by another application
Error: Port 1521 appears to be in use by another application. Specify a different port.This error happens after a previously unsuccessful configuration attempt using /etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure script. The script was able to start the Listener process, but most likely failed to continue to clone the database, e.g. ORA-00845. The following should correct the problem:
Determine the oracle listener process that is already running:
{code}
$ ps -ef | grep oracle
{code}
Your output should be similar to:
{code}
oracle   19789     1 0 19:46 ?        00:00:00 /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/xe/bin/tnslsnr
{code}
Then kill the process, using the appropriate process id, for instance:
{code}
$ sudo kill -9 19789
{code}
h3. 10.b) cannot touch `/var/lock/subsys/listener': No such file or directory
Starting Oracle Net Listener...touch: cannot touch `/var/lock/subsys/listener': No such file or directoryThis error occurs when you run /etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure, but failed the preinstallation step to create the /var//lock/subsys directory as outlined in chapter 8.
h3. 10.c) ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system See chapter 7 to enable /dev/shm and verify free space available in /run/shm
h3. 10.d) Apex ADMIN password
According to the Oracle documentation, the password for the INTERNAL and ADMIN Oracle Application Express user accounts is initially the same as the SYS and SYSTEM administrative user accounts. Well, I tried several times without success. To reset the Apex Admin password:
Login as user oracle:
{code}
su - oracle
{code}
Login as SYSDBA and type the following:
{code}
sqlplus / as sysdba
{code}
At the SQL prompt, type the following to be prompted to change the password:
{code}
SQL> @?/apex/apxxepwd.sql
exit
{code}
When done, open your browser and go to http://127.0.0.1:8080/apex
Workspace: Internal
Username: ADMIN
Password: password you set with apxxepwd.sql
I will prompt you to reset the password:
old password: password you set with apxxepwd.sql
new password: final_password
You can also login as the Apex Admin using http://127.0.0.1:8080/apex/apex_admin
h3. 10.e) SYS and SYSTEM password
Use the following commands to reset the SYS and SYSTEM passwords if necessary:
Login as the Oracle user:
{code}
su - oracle
{code}
Login as SYSDBA and type the following at the SQL prompt:
{code}
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> alter user sys identified by "password" account unlock;
SQL> alter user system identified by "password" account unlock;
SQL> exit
{code}
h3. 10.f) Uninstall Oracle 11g XE
The following will completely uninstall and remove Oracle 11g XE:
Open a terminal seesion and login as user root:
{code}
sudo su -
{code}
Enter the following:
{code}
/etc/init.d/oracle-xe stop
dpkg --purge oracle-xe
rm -r /u01/app
rm /etc/default/oracle-xe
update-rc.d -f oracle-xe remove
update-rc.d -f oracle-mount remove
update-rc.d -f oracle-shm remove
{code}
h3. 10.g) Reconfigure Oracle 11g XE
Type the following commands in a terminal window:
{code}
sudo /etc/init.d/oracle-xe stop
sudo rm /etc/default/oracle-xe
sudo /etc/init.d/oracle-xe configure
{code}
h3. 10.h) Gnome Classic desktop
Ubuntu 11 moved from the Gnome Classic desktop to Unity and removed the "Ubuntu Classic" login option. Unity was designed to make more efficient use of space given a limited screen size and touch screens. If you prefer to use the Gnome Classic desktop, enter the following into a terminal window:
{code}
sudo apt-get install gnome-panel
{code}
To log into the Gnome Classic desktop, select the "Gearwheel" at the login screen and select "Gnome Classic".
h3. 10.i) Unix vi cursor keys
The instructions in this tutorial do not require the use of any text editor. However, if you would like use the backspace and cursor keys in the "vi-editor", the following needs to be installed:
{code}
sudo apt-get install vim
{code}
h3. 10.j) Backup Database
In order to perform an online database backup using the supplied "Backup Database" script, the database needs to run in Archive-Log mode. This can be setup using the following commands:
Login as the Oracle user:
{code}
su - oracle
{code}
Login as SYSDBA and type the following:
{code}
sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> shutdown immediate
SQL> startup mount
SQL> alter database archivelog;
SQL> alter database open;
SQL> exit
{code}
h2. 11) History
Version: A, 24-Oct-2011
- first release
Version: B, 25-Oct-2011
- reduced instructions.
- corrected errors in 6a and 8.
- new strategy addressing ORA-00845 error.
- rework of chapter 10.
Version: C, 30-Nov-2011
- corrected typo in 6a
- new procedures in 9a.
- added progress feedback to database scripts.
Version D, 14-Jan-2012
- corrected presentation errors.
- reorganized instructions.
h3. 12) References
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17781_01/install.112/e18802/toc.htm
http://askubuntu.com/questions/57297/why-has-var-run-been-migrated-to-run
http://lwn.net/Articles/436012/
https://forums.oracle.com/forums/thread.jspa?threadID=2300750&tstart=0
Kind regards and best of luck!
Dude.

Excellent Blog. Thank You
Small clarification on Step **6) Oracle Home Directory, ...a) Resize the Root Partition**
Ubuntu 11.10 has Gparted available as a Ubuntu software download, DONT use that while trying the above step, instead download the ISO file from http://sourceforge.net/projects/gparted/files/gparted-live-stable/ gparted-live-0.12.0-5.iso (124.6 MB)
Burn that ISO file on a Blank DVD, reboot the Ubuntu , during startup select Boot from DVD Option if not already selected. this will take to Boot Menu Options of Gparted Live then select the first menu option, and this allows to do further action such as Re-sizing .
and once you have chosen and executed step a) . do NOT run step b) also that is "Setup External Storage"
I hope this minor clarification can avoid some confusion
Regards
Madhusudhan Rao
Edited by: MadhusudhanRao on Mar 24, 2012 11:30 PM

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