How to color overlay on non-transparent pixels only?

So I need help to make a layer that is a solid color that overlays over everything underneath it but only applies to non-transparent pixels. Is there any way to do this?

Well see, there's a lot of layers underneath it and the things that I want the color to be overlayed on changes often because I only want a few layers shown at a time.
Here, let me try to explain. I made a .psd file with a bunch of characters for a video game. All of the characters have the same body but different heads. I made layers for the body and all of the heads (the background is transparent.) The base layers of the heads and body is grey and then I created layers above them that were color and applied an overlay that was only as big as the head/body for every color. This quickly became tedius because of how many heads there were and I thought since the head and body are supposed to be the same color anyway I might as well created a layer that's a solid color above the heads and bodies that overlays everything. However, the problem is that color also covers the background and I only want the parts of the character to be colored.
Also, what kind of adjustment layer? Would that still be applicable in this situation?

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