I am an oracle newbie, I should sqlplus connection to oracle

Question

I want to do: Open the oracle, create a Test database.
System: redhat 6.2 / / Oracle version: 11g r2
Here is my oracle log file, please help me, thank.
=============================================
Sun Oct 14 00:18:53 2012
Create Relation ADR_CONTROL
Create Relation ADR_INVALIDATION
Create Relation INC_METER_IMPT_DEF
Create Relation INC_METER_PK_IMPTS
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Trace information written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/trace/ora_2185_3078911680.trc
Trace level is currently 0
Started with pid=2185
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Listener completed notification to CRS on start
TIMESTAMP * CONNECT DATA [* PROTOCOL INFO] * EVENT [* SID] * RETURN CODE
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
14-OCT-2012 00:18:53 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * status * 0
Sun Oct 14 00:21:59 2012
No longer listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Listener completed notification to CRS on stop
14-OCT-2012 00:21:59 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=stop)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * stop * 0
Thu Nov 01 23:04:51 2012
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Trace information written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/trace/ora_3372_3079083712.trc
Trace level is currently 0
Started with pid=3372
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Listener completed notification to CRS on start
TIMESTAMP * CONNECT DATA [* PROTOCOL INFO] * EVENT [* SID] * RETURN CODE
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
01-NOV-2012 23:04:55 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * status * 0
Thu Nov 01 23:05:08 2012
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
01-NOV-2012 23:05:08 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * status * 0
Thu Nov 01 23:08:14 2012
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
01-NOV-2012 23:08:14 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * status * 0
Thu Nov 01 23:10:51 2012
Trace information written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/trace/ora_3372_3079083712.trc
Trace level is currently 0
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
01-NOV-2012 23:10:51 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=reload)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * reload * 0
Thu Nov 01 23:11:27 2012
01-NOV-2012 23:11:27 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=services)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * services * 0
Thu Nov 01 23:33:14 2012
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
01-NOV-2012 23:33:14 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * status * 0
Thu Nov 01 23:45:33 2012
01-NOV-2012 23:45:33 * (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=)(CID=(PROGRAM=sqlplus)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))) * establish * 12504
TNS-12504: TNS:listener was not given the SERVICE_NAME in CONNECT_DATA
TNS-12504: TNS:listener was not given the SERVICE_NAME in CONNECT_DATA
Thu Nov 01 23:52:12 2012
01-NOV-2012 23:52:12 * (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=oracle)(CID=(PROGRAM=java)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))) * (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=14409)) * establish * oracle * 12514
TNS-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
Thu Nov 01 23:55:32 2012
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
01-NOV-2012 23:55:32 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * status * 0
Thu Nov 01 23:56:01 2012
No longer listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Listener completed notification to CRS on stop
01-NOV-2012 23:56:01 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=stop)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * stop * 0
Tue Nov 06 22:24:37 2012
Log messages written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml
Trace information written to /u01/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/trace/ora_2674_3077985984.trc
Trace level is currently 0
Started with pid=2674
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Listener completed notification to CRS on start
TIMESTAMP * CONNECT DATA [* PROTOCOL INFO] * EVENT [* SID] * RETURN CODE
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
06-NOV-2012 22:24:42 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * status * 0
Tue Nov 06 22:26:40 2012
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
06-NOV-2012 22:26:40 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * status * 0
Tue Nov 06 22:49:34 2012
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
06-NOV-2012 22:49:34 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * status * 0
Tue Nov 06 23:02:20 2012
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
06-NOV-2012 23:02:20 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * status * 0
Tue Nov 06 23:07:20 2012
06-NOV-2012 23:07:20 * (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=)(CID=(PROGRAM=sqlplus)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))) * establish * 12504
TNS-12504: TNS:listener was not given the SERVICE_NAME in CONNECT_DATA
TNS-12504: TNS:listener was not given the SERVICE_NAME in CONNECT_DATA
Tue Nov 06 23:08:44 2012
06-NOV-2012 23:08:44 * (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=)(CID=(PROGRAM=sqlplus)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))) * establish * 12504
TNS-12504: TNS:listener was not given the SERVICE_NAME in CONNECT_DATA
TNS-12504: TNS:listener was not given the SERVICE_NAME in CONNECT_DATA
Tue Nov 06 23:09:23 2012
06-NOV-2012 23:09:23 * (CONNECT_DATA=(SERVICE_NAME=oracle)(CID=(PROGRAM=sqlplus)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))) * (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=127.0.0.1)(PORT=22109)) * establish * oracle * 12514
TNS-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
Tue Nov 06 23:10:20 2012
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending
06-NOV-2012 23:10:20 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=status)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * status * 0
Tue Nov 06 23:47:51 2012
No longer listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521)))
Listener completed notification to CRS on stop
06-NOV-2012 23:47:51 * (CONNECT_DATA=(CID=(PROGRAM=)(HOST=localhost.localdomain)(USER=oracle))(COMMAND=stop)(ARGUMENTS=64)(SERVICE=LISTENER)(VERSION=186646784)) * stop * 0

Answer 1

// id
uid=501(oracle) gid=501(oinstall) groups=501(oinstall),502(dba) context=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023
// env | sort
CLASSPATH=.:/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_07/lib/dt.jar:/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_07/lib/tools.jar
COLORTERM=gnome-terminal
CVS_RSH=ssh
DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS=unix:abstract=/tmp/dbus-iLGRF7K4YE,guid=2fd6a1fbe541bd143dfc8b5e00000053
DESKTOP_SESSION=gnome
DISPLAY=:0.0
G_BROKEN_FILENAMES=1
GDM_KEYBOARD_LAYOUT=us
GDM_LANG=en_US.UTF-8
GDMSESSION=gnome
GNOME_DESKTOP_SESSION_ID=this-is-deprecated
GNOME_KEYRING_PID=2467
GNOME_KEYRING_SOCKET=/tmp/keyring-PckI8t/socket
GTK_RC_FILES=/etc/gtk/gtkrc:/home/oracle/.gtkrc-1.2-gnome2
HISTCONTROL=ignoredups
HISTSIZE=1000
HOME=/home/oracle
HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_07
LANG=en_US.UTF-8
LESSOPEN=|/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s
LOGNAME=oracle
MAIL=/var/spool/mail/oracle
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
ORACLE_SID=ora
ORBIT_SOCKETDIR=/tmp/orbit-oracle
PATH=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_07/binL:/usr/lib/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/oracle/bin
PWD=/home/oracle/Desktop
QTDIR=/usr/lib/qt-3.3
QTINC=/usr/lib/qt-3.3/include
QTLIB=/usr/lib/qt-3.3/lib
SESSION_MANAGER=local/unix:@/tmp/.ICE-unix/2476,unix/unix:/tmp/.ICE-unix/2476
SHELL=/bin/bash
SHLVL=2
SSH_ASKPASS=/usr/libexec/openssh/gnome-ssh-askpass
SSH_AUTH_SOCK=/tmp/keyring-PckI8t/socket.ssh
TERM=xterm
USERNAME=oracle
USER=oracle
_=/usr/bin/env
WINDOWID=44043786
WINDOWPATH=1
$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Nov 8 23:39:48 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> connect ora
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
SQL> connect oracle
Enter password:
ERROR:
ORA-01034: ORACLE not available
ORA-27101: shared memory realm does not exist
Linux Error: 2: No such file or directory
Process ID: 0
Session ID: 0 Serial number: 0
SQL> SHOW DATABASES;
SP2-0158: unknown SHOW option "DATABASES"
SQL> SHOW TABLES;
SP2-0158: unknown SHOW option "TABLES"
SQL> SELECT * FROM USER;
SP2-0640: Not connected
SQL> exit
Edited by: ruid on Nov 8, 2012 7:56 AM