JMS protocol details: How opens connection?

Hello,
as for some protocol details of existing JMS vendor implementations, what are your experiences with certain vendors?
I suppose most vendors use (mainly for performance reasons) a custom (plain vanilla) TCP/IP connection to communicate (compared to higher-level protocols like HTTP or SMTP). Compared to the JMS architecture of message delivery from queues to consumers, does this mean that the consumer opens up a connection (periodically) to the queue to check for new messages, or does the queue server contact (and therby initiate the connection) the consumer of a message?
I suppose that vendors are implementing this differently (as this is not an issue for the JMS spec). But what are your expriences with JMS vendors on this protocol detail?
Thanks for any input/feedback.

As you assert, the underlying protocol is not covered by the spec so each vendor has the abiliy to do as they wish. Some use RMI (which means the JRMP or IIOP protocol), but many write thier own protocol over straight TCP sockets to eliminate the overhead of RMI. Most of these are simply going to be writing objects back and forth over the stream. Many vendors have pluggable transports like HTTP.
As for your second question, most vendors I'm aware of open persistant connections. However, I know at least one can operate in "off-line" mode.

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