Linux behavior with and with out -Xmx

I have questions about some strange behavior I am seeing with Java 5.0 on Linux.
First here is the environment:
bq. [~]:> uname -a \\ Linux xxxxxxxxxx 2.4.21-47.ELsmp #1 SMP Wed Jul 5 20:38:41 EDT 2006 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
bq. [~]:> java -version \\ java version "1.5.0_12" \\ Java(TM) 2 Runtime Environment, Standard Edition (build 1.5.0_12-b04) \\ Java HotSpot(TM) Server VM (build 1.5.0_12-b04, mixed mode)
I wrote a very simple java program that just starts up and sleeps.
Wait.java:
bq. import java.lang.*; \\ public class Wait{bq. public static void main(String args[]) throws Throwable{bq. Thread.sleep(100000);
I run the program with no memory arguments:
bq. [~]:> java -classpath . Wait & \\ [1] 30841 \\ [~]:> pmap 30841 | tail -1 \\ mapped: 1220332K writeable/private: *1160336K* shared: 49468K
Note that pmap is showing me that it is using over *1 gig* of memory. The java documentation says that if I don't specify a -Xmx that the Max is 64 Megs.
Top however, seems to be showing me that I am only using *10 megs*.
bq. [~]:> top -bp 30841 \\ 08:44:00 up 187 days, 14:20, 12 users, load average: 0.38, 0.69, 0.37 \\ 1 processes: 1 sleeping, 0 running, 0 zombie, 0 stopped \\ CPU states: cpu user nice system irq softirq iowait idle \\ total 13.6% 0.0% 3.9% 0.0% 0.0% 7.0% 75.3% \\ cpu00 16.9% 0.0% 3.7% 0.0% 0.0% 5.6% 73.5% \\ cpu01 11.2% 0.0% 2.8% 0.0% 0.0% 8.4% 77.5% \\ cpu02 11.2% 0.0% 2.8% 0.0% 0.0% 6.5% 79.4% \\ cpu03 15.0% 0.0% 6.6% 0.0% 0.0% 7.5% 70.7% \\ Mem: 4101252k av, 3859028k used, 242224k free, 0k shrd, 145796k buff \\ 2619760k actv, 545440k in_d, 65836k in_c \\ Swap: 2048184k av, 594480k used, 1453704k free 1726032k cached \\ PID USER PRI NI SIZE RSS SHARE STAT %CPU %MEM TIME CPU COMMAND \\ *     30841 xxxxxxx   21   0 10336  10M  6408 S     0.0  0.2   0:00   0 java*
Now I run the program with a 64 meg min and max heap.
bq. [~]:> java -classpath . -Xms64m -Xmx64m Wait & \\ [2] 30894
Then run pmap.
bq. [~]:> pmap 30894 | tail -1 \\ mapped: 256276K writeable/private: *196280K*    shared: 49468K
So it looks like it is using *196 megs*. Which is fine because I know that there is overhead on top of the actual Heap size.
Then I run top on the process:
bq. [~]:> top -bp 30894 \\ 08:45:13 up 187 days, 14:21, 12 users, load average: 0.26, 0.58, 0.36 \\ 1 processes: 1 sleeping, 0 running, 0 zombie, 0 stopped \\ CPU states: cpu user nice system irq softirq iowait idle \\ total 8.4% 0.0% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 7.4% 83.1% \\ cpu00 8.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 0.0% 6.5% 84.1% \\ cpu01 7.4% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.9% 7.4% 84.1% \\ cpu02 4.6% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 8.4% 86.9% \\ cpu03 13.0% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0% 0.0% 7.4% 77.5% \\ Mem: 4101252k av, 3904008k used, 197244k free, 0k shrd, 146224k buff \\ 2657632k actv, 549712k in_d, 65836k in_c \\ Swap: 2048184k av, 594480k used, 1453704k free 1731604k cached
bq. PID USER PRI NI SIZE RSS SHARE STAT %CPU %MEM TIME CPU COMMAND \\ *     30894 xxxxxxx   21   0 10340  10M  6408 S     0.0  0.2   0:00   3 java*
And it shows me that I am using *10 megs.*
So what is going on here?
1) Why is top and pmap showing diffrent values between the SIZE (top) and the writeable/private (pmap) ?
2) if the value in pmap is correct, why if I don't specify the max heap is it not taking the document default value:
From http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/tooldocs/solaris/java.html
bq. <quote> \\ -Xmxn Specify the maximum size, in bytes, of the memory allocation pool. This value must a multiple of 1024 greater than 2MB. Append the letter k or K to indicate kilobytes, or m or M to indicate megabytes. The default value is 64MB. \\ </quote>

So some more info.
When I run the process with out -Xmx and run jmap -heap against it, it apear that the max heap is 1 Gig.
bq. [~]:> java -classpath . Wait & \\ [1] 10956
bq. [~]:> jmap -heap 10956 \\ Attaching to process ID 10956, please wait... \\ Debugger attached successfully. \\ Server compiler detected. \\ JVM version is 1.5.0_12-b04 \\ using thread-local object allocation. \\ Parallel GC with 4 thread(s) \\ Heap Configuration: \\ MinHeapFreeRatio = 40 \\ MaxHeapFreeRatio = 70 \\ MaxHeapSize = 1050673152 (1002.0MB) \\ NewSize = 655360 (0.625MB) \\ MaxNewSize = 4294901760 (4095.9375MB) \\ OldSize = 1441792 (1.375MB) \\ NewRatio = 8 \\ SurvivorRatio = 8 \\ PermSize = 16777216 (16.0MB) \\ MaxPermSize = 67108864 (64.0MB) \\ Heap Usage: \\ PS Young Generation \\ Eden Space: \\ capacity = 5570560 (5.3125MB) \\ used = 222872 (0.21254730224609375MB) \\ free = 5347688 (5.099952697753906MB) \\ 4.000890395220588% used \\ From Space: \\ capacity = 851968 (0.8125MB) \\ used = 0 (0.0MB) \\ free = 851968 (0.8125MB) \\ 0.0% used \\ To Space: \\ capacity = 851968 (0.8125MB) \\ used = 0 (0.0MB) \\ free = 851968 (0.8125MB) \\ 0.0% used \\ PS Old Generation \\ capacity = 58392576 (55.6875MB) \\ used = 0 (0.0MB) \\ free = 58392576 (55.6875MB) \\ 0.0% used \\ PS Perm Generation \\ capacity = 16777216 (16.0MB) \\ used = 1516432 (1.4461822509765625MB) \\ free = 15260784 (14.553817749023438MB) \\ 9.038639068603516% used
So does this mean that the documentation at: http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/docs/tooldocs/solaris/java.html
is wrong?
Thanks,
Joe Kampf

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    Tasks: 1208 total, 6 running, 1133 sleeping, 0 stopped, 69 zombie
    Cpu(s): 33.3%us, 9.2%sy, 0.2%ni, 54.7%id, 2.5%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.2%si, 0.0%st
    Mem: 32956180k total, 32860628k used, 95552k free, 97712k buffers
    Swap: 67108856k total, 12246544k used, 54862312k free, 26986888k cached
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    03:24:36 PM 97436 32858744 99.70 103024 27011508 54890036 12218820 18.21 1402352
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    03:24:51 PM 373396 32582784 98.87 102220 27006204 54888364 12220492 18.21 1239664
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