Fully Color Managed Application (using calibrated monitor profiles)

Question

Hi,
I'm new to JAVA 2D so I may be missing something obvious - apologies if I am, but I've been trawling the API and web to try and solve this for many hours - so any help would be much appreciated!
I'm trying to write an application to open a JPEG with an embedded colour profile (in this case AdobeRGB) and display it with correct colour on my monitor, for which I have an accurate custom hardware calibrated profile. In my efforts to do this several problems / queries have arisen.
So, JAVA aside, the concept is simple:
a) Open the image
b) Transform the pixels from AdobeRGB->Monitor Profile (via a PCS such as CIEXYZ).
c) Blit it out to the window.
(a) is fine. I've used the following code snip, and can query the resulting BufferedImage and see it has correctly extracted the AdobeRGB profile. I can even display it (non-color corrected) using the Graphics2D.drawImage() function in my components paint() method.
BufferedImage img = ImageIO.read(new File("my-adobe-rgb.jpg"));(b) Also seems OK (well at least no exceptions)...
ICC_Profile monitorProfile = ICC_Profile.getInstance("Monitor_Calibrated.icm");
    ColorConvertOp convert = new ColorConvertOp(new ICC_ColorSpace(monitorProfile ),null);
    BufferedImage imgColorAdjusted = convert.filter(img,null);[I was feeling hopeful at this point!]
QUESTION 1: Does this conversion go through the CIEXYZ (I hope) rather than sRGB, there seems to be no way to specify and the docs are not clear on this?
(c) Here is the major problem...
When I pass imgColorAdjusted to the Graphic2D.drawImage() in my components paint() method the JVM just hangs and consumes 100% CPU.
QUESTION 2: Any ideas why it hangs?
Pausing in the debugger I found the API was busy transforming by image to sRGB this leads to my third question...
QUESTION 3: If I pass an image with a color model to drawImage() does drawImage do any color conversion, e.g will it transform my adobe image to sRGB (not what I want in this case!)?
And if answer to Q3 is yes, which I suspect it is, then the next question is how to make the J2D understand that I have a calibrated monitor, and to tell it the profile, so that the Graphics2D it provides in paint() has the correct color model. Looking in the API I thought this was provided to J2D through the GraphicsEnviroment->GraphicsDevice->GraphicsConfiguration.getColorModel(). I tried looking at what these configurations were (code below). Result - 10 configurations, all with the JAVA 2D sRGB default, despite my monitor colour management (through the windows display properties dialog) being set to the calibrated profile.
QUESTION 4: Am I just off track here - does Java 2D support monitor profiles other than sRGB? Is what I am trying possible?
GraphicsConfiguration[] cfg = GraphicsEnvironment.getLocalGraphicsEnvironment().getDefaultScreenDevice().getConfigurations();
    System.out.println(cfg.length);
    byte[] d;
    for (int j=0; j<cfg.length; j++) {
      System.out.println("CFG:"+j+cfg[j]);
      d = ((ICC_ColorSpace)cfg[j].getColorModel().getColorSpace()).getProfile().getData();
      for (int i=0; i<d.length && i<256; i++){
        if (d[i] != 10 && d[i] != 13){
          System.out.print((char)d);
System.out.println();
Any help much appreciated.
Thanks.

Answer 1

I have had some sucess with this, but it wasn't easy or obvious. The trick is converting the color to the monitor profile and then changing the color model to be sRGB without changing the pixel data. JAI's Format operation does this easily although I'm sure there are other ways to do it. The RGB data is then displayed without being converted to sRGB so that the monitor calibration is maintained. I will answer your questions since I had similar ones.
Q1. Yes the conversion is done using XYZ as it should be.
Q2. I believe paint is just very slow, not hanging. Any color model other than XYZ or sRGB requires conversion before it can be displayed (as sRGB). This is both slow and incorrect for a calibrated monitor.
Q3. Yes that is what I have found, a conversion to sRGB will always happen, unless it appears to be already done as when the color model is sRGB (even though the pixel data is not!).
Q4. It is possible but apparently only with this somewhat strange work around. If there is a way to change the Java display profile to be other than sRGB, I could not find it either. However, calibrated RGB display can be achieved.
Since I have seen many other posts asking for an example of color management, here is some code. This JAI conversion works for many pairs of source and destination profiles including CMYK to RGB. It does require using ICC profiles in external files rather than embedded in the image.
package calibratedrgb;
import com.sun.media.jai.widget.DisplayJAI;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.color.*;
import java.awt.image.*;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.media.jai.*;
import javax.swing.*;
* @author keitht
public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        String filename = args[0];
        PlanarImage pi = JAI.create("fileload", filename);
        // create a source color model from the image ICC profile
        ICC_Profile sourceProfile = ICC_Profile.getInstance("AdobeRGB1998.icc");
        ICC_ColorSpace sourceCS = new ICC_ColorSpace(sourceProfile);
        ColorModel sourceCM = RasterFactory.createComponentColorModel(
                pi.getSampleModel().getDataType(), sourceCS, false, false,Transparency.OPAQUE);
        ImageLayout sourceIL = new ImageLayout();
        sourceIL.setColorModel(sourceCM);
        // tag the image with the source profile using format
        RenderingHints sourceHints = new RenderingHints(JAI.KEY_IMAGE_LAYOUT, sourceIL);
        ParameterBlockJAI ipb = new ParameterBlockJAI("format");
        ipb.addSource(pi);
        ipb.setParameter("datatype", pi.getSampleModel().getDataType());
        pi = JAI.create("format", ipb, sourceHints);
        // create a destination color model from the monitor ICC profile
        ICC_Profile destinationProfile = ICC_Profile.getInstance("Monitor Profile.icm");
        ICC_ColorSpace destinationCS = new ICC_ColorSpace(destinationProfile);
        ColorModel destinationCM = RasterFactory.createComponentColorModel(
                pi.getSampleModel().getDataType(), destinationCS, false, false, Transparency.OPAQUE);
        ImageLayout destinationIL = new ImageLayout();
        destinationIL.setColorModel(destinationCM);
        // convert from source to destination profile
        RenderingHints destinationHints = new RenderingHints(JAI.KEY_IMAGE_LAYOUT, destinationIL);
        ParameterBlockJAI cpb = new ParameterBlockJAI("colorconvert");
        cpb.addSource(pi);
        cpb.setParameter("colormodel", destinationCM);
        pi = JAI.create("colorconvert", cpb, destinationHints);
        // image is now the calibrated monitor RGB data ready to display, but
        // an unwanted conversion to sRGB will occur without the following...
        // first, create an sRGB color model
        ColorSpace sRGB = ColorSpace.getInstance(ColorSpace.CS_sRGB);
        ColorModel sRGBcm = RasterFactory.createComponentColorModel(
                pi.getSampleModel().getDataType(), sRGB, false, false, Transparency.OPAQUE);
        ImageLayout sRGBil = new ImageLayout();
        sRGBil.setColorModel(sRGBcm);
        // then avoid the incorrect conversion to sRGB on the way to the display
        // by using format to tag the image as sRGB without changing the data
        RenderingHints sRGBhints = new RenderingHints(JAI.KEY_IMAGE_LAYOUT, sRGBil);
        ParameterBlockJAI sRGBpb = new ParameterBlockJAI("format");
        sRGBpb.addSource(pi);
        sRGBpb.setParameter("datatype", pi.getSampleModel().getDataType());
        pi = JAI.create("format", sRGBpb, sRGBhints); // replace color model with sRGB
        // RGB numbers are unaffected and can now be sent without conversion to the display
        // disguised as sRGB data. The platform monitor calibration profile is bypassed
        // by the JRE because sRGB is the default graphics configuration color model profile
        JFrame frame = new JFrame();
        Container contentPane = frame.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        DisplayJAI d = new DisplayJAI(pi); // Graphics2D could be used here
        contentPane.add(new JScrollPane(d),BorderLayout.CENTER);
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setSize(600,600);
        frame.setVisible(true);
}